فصلنامه سازمان های بین المللی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1398)

The Islamic Republic of Iran can fulfill part of its foreign policy goals through interaction with international institutions. Perhaps, the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) does not fit into an international organization, and its binding aspects are weak, but given the number of its members, its ideals and goals on the one hand, and the impact of international institutions in the modern age, on the other hand, it enjoys a wide range and many of its goals are in line with Iran's policies. This article by considering the theory of "neo-liberal institutionalism" which suggests that the international system is anarchic, states are effective and rational actors as well as international institutions have an independent identity, seeks to understand the nature of approach taken by Iran towards the NAM in the international system. In fact, it is a comparative between principles and objectives of Iran's macro policies and those of the NAM. Therefore, one of the most important relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the NAM is the negation of imperialism and domination, sovereign equality of states, equality of nations, respect for human rights and the right to self-determination.

Governments have always paid attention to international rules and documents and try to incorporate them as much as possible in their domestic laws and policies. Along these lines, this article tries to study working women's rights from the viewpoint of the Iran's Social Security Law in comparison with the International Labour Organization's documents. The key question of this article is that "to what extent Iranian laws, especially its social security law regarding women, are compatible with International Labour Organization's documents?" To answer this question, the authors indicate that "in article 20 of the I.R. Iran's Constitution, women enjoy all human rights, specifically the right to social security on equal terms with men in compliance with Islamic criteria. In public law as well as in social security law, gender has no place and its subject is every individual as a human being. The findings of this research show that social security law being influenced by the constitutional and civil laws in some social security services is consistent with International Labour Organization's documents and in some other, is incompatible with them.

Throughout the world, drug trafficking was considered legal until the nineteenth century. Early in the twentieth century, the international community became aware of the destructive power of these materials in human societies, witnessing the first massive efforts to restrict the purchase and sale of narcotics in the world. Subsequently, and before the United Nations was formed, several other international conventions were concluded in the field of counter-narcotics. With the formation of the United Nations in 1945, the process of counter-narcotics has become more coherent, the main feature of which is the fight against the supply of narcotics. In this article, the authors by using the method of library research try to answer the question that which approaches the United Nations has adopted since its inception to fight against narcotics and what are their main components. By reviewing and analyzing the UN conventions, documents, and resolutions in the field of counter-narcotics, the authors conclude that the United Nations' approach until the 1980s was a violent, rigorous approach which was focused on the supply-side. After this decade, the United Nations' approach has slowly shifted away from this approach to adopt an approach which is focused on the demand-side.

Crises are an integral part of the international system. Even during the Cold War that was expected there was a peaceful world, we witnessed many crises. Therefore, crisis management aiming at preventing the intensification and expansion of crises has taken a significant importance. When crises occur, some actions are taken by effective actors including states and organizations such as NATO. NATO has tried to define crisis management functions for itself to maintain it survival. Its cooperation with the Security Council in accordance with the chapter eight of the Charter and its role in various crises were in the same direction. However, its failure to play a role in the Syrian crisis raises the question that which factors influence it in playing a role in the crises. In response to this question, the author makes the hypothesis that the role of NATO in crisis has been affected by past experience and the policies of great power. The findings of this research indicates that limited achievements, the costs of previous interventions, the requirement to obtain a permit from the UN Security Council for intervention and obstacles in its way have led that NATO adopts a policy of non-intervention in this crisis and don't play an active role in crisis management.

Since the conclusion of an international organization’s statute until its enforcement and establishing a new organization, many necessary measures should be done in order to prepare conditions for its immediate and effective operation upon its creation. Usually, it’s a preparatory commission’s duty to prepare those conditions. However, given little attention paid to the status of preparatory commissions in international law, questions may be posed such as how they are created, what are their tasks and what powers they enjoy, weather a preparatory commission is a subsidiary organ of the new organization or it has a legal personality of its own. This article aims at examining above -mentioned issues in light of current international practice and steps taken towards the creation of several important international organizations.

Nowadays, strategic using of language in the interpretation of texts and instruments in international law has been examined by the scholars of interdisciplinary studies. Along these lines, we can consider the usefulness of cognitive - pragmatic framing in studying legal interpretation. In cognitive framing, the question is that whether there is any relationship between strategic studies and international law texts. This article while examining this question claims that cognitive framing and strategic use of language have to do with how documents in international law are interpreted. For instance, the term “liberalization” stands for “military intervention” or "border wall" is used instead of "security fence". The strategic use of language shows that states are able to imply positive or negative framings to the minds of their audience and influence the interpretation of international legal texts and instruments.