مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و یکم شماره 3 (خرداد 1399)

Apoptosis is organized cellular death, induced by various physiological and pathological factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of continuous training on rate of Caspase3, BAX and BCL-2 proteins in rats vascular by induced poisoning due to various doses of hydrogen peroxide.

40 mature male wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups including 8 rats in each group. The groups were injected by: 1-Intraperitoneal injection of 1mM H2O2, group (H1), 2- Intraperitoneal injection of 2mM H2O2, group(H2), 3-Intraperitoneal injection of 1mM H2O2 with regular exercise, group (H1E), 4- Intraperitoneal injection of 2mM H2O2 with regular exercise, group (H2E), and 5-control group(C).The training groups performed regular training on the treadmill daily for 8 weeks, all of rats after the anaesthesia knocked out and the BAX, BCL-2 and Caspas3 proteins ratio were determined and measured by ELISA technic. The ANOVA Two Way test was used to determine the effect of each of the independent variables on the indicators. Also, the ANOVA One Way test of the Bonfroni follow-up test was used to examine the intergroup of each of the variables. And significance was considered as P≤ 00.05.

Continuous training in the rats showed that the amount of BAX protein did not decrease significantly compared to the treatment group with 1 and 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Exercise alone or with injections of 1 and 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide, increased the amount of protein BCL-2, which was not significant and decreased Caspase3, BAX, and BAX / BCL-2 ratios in both groups receiving one and two milliliters of hydrogen peroxide, but only changes in Caspase-3 (P = 0.014) and ratio BAX / BCL-2 (p = 0.0002) was significant in groups receiving 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide (P ≤ 0.05).

Continuous exercises are likely to reduce the apoptosis of endothelial cells by reducing Caspase3, BAX / BCL-2 ratio and increasing BCL-2 which is likely to prevent vascular tissu damage.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints caused by the degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. It is unknown whether different therapies exert differential cellular effects. Telomeres and telomerase play a major role in cellular aging with implications for global health. Also, OA may be associated with CVD and reduction in telomeres length. Thus, this study investigated the effect of ozone therapy and aerobic training on telomeres and telomerase expression genes in the heart of rats with knee OA.

In this experimental study, knee OA was induced by the surgical method in rats. OA rats were randomly divided into the OA, OA and ozone therapy (OAO), and OA and aerobic exercise (OAE) groups. Rats in the OAO group received O3 at the concentration of 20μg/ml, once a week for 3 weeks. Rats in the OAE group were trained on rodent treadmill with intensity of 16 m/min, 3 days/week. 48 hours after the intervention, cartilage and heart tissues were isolated and the expression of TRF2 and TERT gene was measured using Real-Time qPCR (RT-qPCR).

OAE significantly increased the expression of TRF2 compared to the OA (p=0.045) group. Also, OAE group had significantly higher expression of TERT compared to the control (p= 0.02) group but no difference was observed between OA and OAO in TRF2 (p=0.303) and TERT (p=0.382) genes expression.

TRF2 and TERT increased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise compared to the Ozone therapy.

Serum Klotho is suggested to have protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. Nitric oxide production and preventing of oxidative stress have been suggested as its possible mechanisms of action. In this study we aimed to evaluate the association between serum Klotho level and cardiovascular diseases.

According to coronary angiography results, 40 patients with normal coronary artery and 40 patients with coronary artery disease included in this study. Serum Klotho level and laboratory data were analyzed for each patient and the association between serum Klotho level and coronary artery disease was evaluated.

Our results showed that Serum Klotho level in patients with 1 vessle, 2 vessle and 3 vessel disease was 2.16± 0.2, 2.2±0.13, 1.98±0.2 mIU/L respectively. (P value=0.02) The plasma Klotho concentration was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease.

Serum Klotho level can be a useful marker for evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.

Previous studies indicated that pyrimidine derivatives possess anti-cancer properties. This study was set out to evaluate the effect of 2-chloropyrimidine as a pyrimidine derivative on K562 human erythroleukemia cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as normal control cells.

The K562 cells or PBMCs (1×106 cells/100 μl/well) were incubated for different time periods (24, 48, and 72 h) with a serial logarithmic dilution of analogue (1.5625-200µg/ml). After the incubation period, the survivability of cells was determined by MTT methods. After determining IC50 value, apoptosis and necrosis of cells were measured by PI/AO staining.

Our data indicated that this compound had a profound cytotoxic effect on the K562 cell line in a dose-dependent manner so that the apoptosis increased and the survival test (MTT) decreased. Interestingly, the IC50 value of this compound against K562 was lower than IC50 value of this compound against PBMCs.

As a result, this compound provides more favorable cytotoxicity against K562 cell line without any additive cytotoxicity against PBMCs.

Sodium-dependent ascorbate transporter 2 (SVCT2) plays a key role in the transmission of ascorbic acid to hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic training on hepatic SVCT2 levels, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetic rats.

In this interventional and experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) healthy control, 2) healthy training, 3) diabetes control, 4) diabetes training, and 5) sham. After Induction of diabetes, training program consisted of 6 weeks of running on the treadmill, 5 sessions per week (for 20-40 minutes). Serum and liver tissues were evaluated to investigate the effect of exercise training on ascorbic acid metabolism.

Induction of diabetes significantly decreased serum and hepatic ascorbic acid levels and significantly increased hepatic SVCT2 protein, ALT and AST serum levels (p <0.001). The results also showed that regular aerobic exercise decreased serum glucose levels, serum levels of ALT and AST but had no significant effect on serum hepatic and ascorbic acid levels and hepatic SVCT2.

According to the results of this study, induction of diabetes reduces hepatic ascorbic acid levels, which seems to be associated with hyperglycemia and liver injury. On the other hand, six weeks of aerobic exercise reduced blood glucose and liver transaminases, but had no significant effect on level of serum, hepatic ascorbic acid, and hepatic SVCT2 levels.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is relatively uncommon but important. Because of non-specific signs and symptoms, non-contrast computed tomography (NCT) is performed for most patients. The first aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of NCT in the diagnosis of CVT. Another aim was to assess the value of sinus venous attenuation measurement on NCT in the diagnosis of CVT.

NCT of 187 patients were reviewed. Sensitivity and specificity of NCT were evaluated in the diagnosis of CVT. Hounsfield unit (HU) of sinus venous with thrombus was compared to normal veins of control group, with and without standardization to the average HU of the internal carotids.

CVT was confirmed in 32 patients by MRV (Magnetic Resonance Venography(. NCT has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CVT. A significant difference in average venous sinus attenuation was found between thrombus in patients with CVT (66.12±7.4 HU) and normal veins in the control group (48.59±5.91 HU; p<0.05). A similar difference is identified between standardized HU value in venous sinuses with thrombus (1.59±0.24) and venous sinuses without thrombus (1.06±0.14; p<0.05). A HU of >62 and a standardized HU of >1.4 on NCT are associated with high probability of CVT.

High sensitivity of NCT and using sinus venous attenuation can be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of CVT in the emergency settings. Sinus venous attenuation value of >62 and standardized HU of >1.4 on NCT can be used as reliable methods to detect CVT.

Considering the importance of preventing the risk factors in heart disease and lack of sufficient information about the effect of exercise training on copeptin and mid-regional proadrenomedullin expression, this study aimed to investigate the effect of four training methods on the copeptin and mid-regional proadrenomedullin expression in the left ventricle of male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats with the age of 8-weeks and an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, moderate-intensity training, high-intensity training, high-intensity interval training, and moderate-intensity swimming training. The training programs in experimental groups were performed for 8 weeks (5 days a week). Expression of research genes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To analyze the data, one way ANOVA and bonferroni were used at a significance level of p≤ 0.05.

Copeptin and mid-regional proadrenomedullin expressions in each training group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p= 0.001, p= 0.001). Also, Copeptin and mid-regional proadrenomedullin expression increased significantly in HIIT and HIT groups compared to ST and MIT groups (p= 0.001, p= 0.001).

All of the four exercise training methods were able to reduce the expression of the studied genes, and make favorable changes in reducing the consequences of cardiac tissue injury. However, swimming exercises seem to have more favorable effects with regard to non-weight bearing property, although further research is needed.

Health and medical problems of prisoners are health challenges. In an environment where the most important priority is maintaining order, control, and discipline, maintaining health and providing healthcare will have its own challenges. For this reason, some countries have transferred the responsibility for providing health services in prison to the Ministry of Health. We aimed to investigate the developments and changes in providing health services to prisoners and their different structures in different countries.

English language articles in Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were searched. Advanced search options were used, initially based on the titles and keywords. Articles published until September 2019 were included using the following keywords: Prison, Jail, Primary care, Correlational health, Nursing, Prisoners, Health, and Healthcare.

Prison health was addressed not as an independent matter but as part of the duties of the Ministry of Health and the National Health System or the Ministry of Justice in each country. Reports from research carried out in France, Scotland, the Netherlands, Norway, Afghanistan, England-Wales, and New South Wales suggest a fundamental shift in the health care of prisoners in these countries and the process of transferring responsibility from the Ministry of Justice to the Department of Justice are among gained achievements.

The priority of the Department of Justice and the Prisons Organization is to maintain prison rules and regulations, so the quality of work and staff productivity will be greater when the responsibility of providing prison health services is transferred to the Ministry of Health and the National Health System. The opportunity for advanced research and training in this field will also increase.