نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1399)

Abstract
The transformation in crime domain and its complexity require that in order for people to remain safe from crime, they should be aware of criminal ruse to prevent being affected by it. Therefore; the only thing that can immunize people from crimes, is detective literacy. Detective literacy is one of the series of existing literacy in the community that if people pay more attention to it and know it, they can suffer less damage from crimes and criminals. Describing the dimensions of detective literacy concepts in the community and the role it plays in crime prevention and mitigation and peoples’ relations with the police is useful. The method used in this article is of applied and descriptive- analytical types. When people are aware and their police and in particular, detective literacy improves, they can somehow participate in police activities, and therefore; police can prevent case file surge. In other words, when people are aware, they can actively cooperate with police in restoring order and security in their community and they can set the stage to reduce crimes in their community. When different classes of people are provided with fundamental training commensurate with their age and cultural background on different crimes and methods of countering them, the level of detective literacy will increase in the community and its security status will be optimized, as well.

Using Technology not only has found vast application in crime prevention, but it has also established its foothold in the suppression and punishment of criminals. At present, in many developed countries of the world such activities as individuals’ identity control in border input and output, pursuing and monitoring criminals to detect criminal acts, facilitating city traffic, smart theft alarm systems notifying police centers, and many other police activities are all conducted using electronic equipment. Therefore; this research is intended to investigate the role of information-centric police in detecting runaway criminals via information-based systems (software and network). The present research is of applied from type and objective viewpoint and with descriptive nature is of survey type. The target audience of this research includes experts, detectives and NAJA executive police specialists (CID, Cyber Police, Intelligence Police and Prevention Police) in 1397. Using Koucran Formula, the sample volume was determined 82, and the data collection tool is questionnaire type based on Likrat Spectrum whose fluency and sustainability were proved with (a=0.908). To analyze data, we used Binominal Test or Relevance Test (In order to detect the effects or lack of effects of each variable in another variable) with Spss20 Software. The findings of this research show that using information-based systems (knowledge management, software systems, telecommunication systems and information banks) in detecting runaway criminals is effective. In regards to the results of this research and the role of information-based systems in detecting criminals and extracting the effective factors in this regard, removing legal obstacles along with security courses of actions for police access to all future information banks is an inevitable issue.

Inspection and search are considered as important and impressive measures that are conducted in preliminary or supplementary investigations by Judiciary agents in detecting crimes. This issue has put duties and authorities upon the Judiciary agents in line with codified laws and regulations. The issue under research is carried out with the aim of adaptive study of Iran and England’s laws in duties and authorities of police in inspecting and searching places. The Judiciary agents along with detecting and safeguarding evidence and traces of crime perpetration and evidence of identifying and arresting the accused and preventing the accused from running away and the like, as well, are obliged to use inspection and search method. In regards to the role and impact of this method in detecting and preventing crimes and considering the fact that the Judiciary agents are usually willing to have vast authorities in their assigned tasks (restoring order and security), as well, but legislative agencies, lawyers, judges and attorneys disagree with this issue emphasizing civil liberties and rights. The issue of inspection and search of places are frequently carried out particularly against suspects and the accused. It should be noted that this issue be carried out in a manner that the rights of the suspects and accused be proportionally and moderately protected and observed because ignoring this right will cause lack of fairness, justice and law.

The present research is intended to determine factors of social anomaly and its impact on theft. As a matter of fact, the increasing growth of population has turned the city into a center of social problems and it makes the social system of the city encounter fast and anomaly changes which are the cause of many crimes including the crime to be investigated here. The main method of this research is of survey type. Simple random sampling has been used in this research which is a non-probable method. The sample volume, based on Koucran Formula equals 146 people including women and men of Tehran residing in migration suburb of Tehran. To collect information, we used the questionnaire tool. The information obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed with the help of SPSS software. In this research, the migration factor has had higher impact on theft than other factors. In order to avoid the impact of anomaly factor in the crime discussed in our article, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary migration, and population diversity and ethnic residence in urban areas using different stimulus packages, as well. Solving rental housing problems and helping people own their homes will contribute to solving the problem.

This research deals withthe impact of Islamic-Iranian architecture on vice crimes[1] and three main questions have been answered: the impact of Islamic-Iranian architecture on vice crimes on women, Efficacy of this kind of architecture on two kinds of these crimes and its impacts on sexual organized crimes. In regards to the subject being interdisciplinary, architectures’ and criminologists’ views have been put into use and different articles and books have been utilized in a descriptive-analytical way, as well. The research findings showed that the Iranian architectues has a discernible impact on the prevention of vice crimes and setting aside the culture and methods of construction of our own architecture brings about crimes.
Lack of attention to various fields have caused today’s architecture to put women an a supply stand in the demand market on the display of the society. Not observing the impressive parameters of the Iranian architecture can contribute to voyeurism and lust and as a result, setting the stage for promoting prostitution and vice crimes directly and indirectly.


[1] Designing physical environment and appropriate application of visual comfort features

Today studying the competence of key and knowledgeable staff, is one of the most important research fields in human resource management with the aim of discovering their required knowledge and skills. This research is intended to identify and determine the competence of CID officers in the field of detecting stolen vehicles and to present a model in this regard. The present research is of applied type from target audience perspective and of discovery type from objectives perspective and of survey type from methodology perspective. The statistical community of this research includes a number of officers working in NAJA CID Police totaling 187 of whom 126 were selected using random sampling method. To gather data, a questionnaire was used and to obtain structure validity, first step approval factor analysis was used and to review content validity, experts’ view were used, as well. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Kronbach Alfa. To analyze the data, Spss and PLS software were also put to use. The main dimensions of officers’ competence in four dimensions of knowledge and awareness (7 indexes), skills and abilities (7 indexes), values and perceptions (5 indexes) and individual features (5 Indexes) were identified and verified. The analysis results show the desirability and suitability of the model. Using the obtained competence model in different resource management systems, for instance in the area of combating vehicle theft, can increase the efficacy of the officers in establishing security and the detection of stolen vehicles.

Features of cyber environment such as lack of dependence on particular time and place, the possibility of obtaining various identities, anonymity and ….. are all factors that make cyber crime commitment more different and cyber crime detection and pinning criminals, more difficult. Therefore; this research has been conducted with the aim of determining effective factors in the detection of cyber crimes. The research method is of applied type from objective perspective and of descriptive-survey type from implementation perspective. The statistical community of this research is formed by 12 NAJA Cyber Police Experts. The data collection tools is a questionnaire made based on library studies, reviewing early studies and experts’ views and among which, their most vital ones have been selected. In regards to the nature of this research, Excel software was used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the research show that the most effective factors in cyber crime detection, among 26 factors and 6 groups, include organizational interaction, organic equipment, judges’ familiarization with technical and legal principles, personnel and detectives’ capabilities, modern communications technologies, IT and cyberspace. The findings show that in detecting cyber crimes, such issues as organizational interaction, organic equipment, judges’ familiarization with the technical and legal principles, personnel and detectives’ capabilities, modern communications technologies, IT and cyberspace should be taken into considerations.

Studying gunshot residue in determining suicide and homicide, weapon type, munitions, distance and angle of shooting is very helpful, because gunshot residue can be dissipated on hands, faces, clothes and nearby objects from holes of a trigger and weapon. When a gunshot is fired, the burned and semi-burned compositions are dissipated in the gas phase in all directions. The parameters used include: bullet, bullet casing, the semi-burned powder, which due to the function of the weapon, are dissipated around from the holster’s holes in the form of gas and finally, the gunshot sound that can be heard by witnesses. Each of these elements can be helpful for the detection of a crime and criminal. Different instrumental methods can be used to collect gunshot residue and its analysis. Using sensors to investigate cases at a crime scene without the need for very expensive equipment, attracts attention. Recently applied reports concerning the use of sensors to analyze gunshot residue have been printed in various magazines which in this research will be studied. This research is intended to provide the stage to review and discuss gunshot residue and developed sensors to identify them.