مجله دستاورد های روانشناختی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار و تابستان 1399)

 Adolescents experience more positive and negative emotions and emotional fluctuations in comparison to children and adults, so emotion regulation is more important in these ages. In this regard, emotional awareness, as a component and prerequisite of adaptive emotional regulation, is defined as the ability to focus on emotions, understanding its type and source, distinguishing positive and negative emotions in oneself and others. The purpose of this study was comparing the effects of group therapy, based on interaction and psychodrama methods, on emotional awareness in adolescent girls with psychological distress.

The method of present study was an experimental research, a pretest-posttest design with control group. The participants of this study were consisted of 33 female students (aged 14-16) with psychological distress in academic year 2016-2017. They were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned into three equal groups. Intervention was conducted in 10 sessions of 2-hour group therapy, based on interaction and psychodrama, and participants were tested at baseline and post-treatment stages by two questionnaires, Kessler Psychological Distress (K-10) and Riffe Emotional Awareness (EAQ-30). The Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance ANCOVA and MANCOVAmethods.

Statistical analysis results showed that group therapy, based on interaction and psychodrama methods, had a significant effect on increasing emotional self-awareness (Eta=0.50), it’s components including differentiating emotions (Eta=0.25) and verbal sharing (Eta=0.42) and reducing psychological distress (Eta=0.33) in adolescents. In comparison only psychodrama was significantly effective on improving bodily awareness component (Eta=0.35). The finding generally showed that group therapy based on interaction and psychodrama methods in addition to helping adolescents’ psychological well-being is also effective in improving their emotional self-awareness.  

Group therapy as an effective and economic way of therapy can help to improve the emotional self-awareness, emotional regulation and psychological well-being. It can be used at different levels of prevention and treatment of various disorders in society’s different groups, especially adolescents.

 At this stage the main statement was extracted and a code was assigned to each expression according to the concepts of that sentence. The researcher then compared these codes and compared similar codes based on features and dimensions, thus making an initial classification of the codes. In order to construct the grounded theory of the categories, they were linked together, and by linking the classes to the central class, the final theory of research on the explanation of the divorce process that emerged from the data was centered around the central class and based on the story behind the data. Participants in this study consisted of men and women with divorced experience, who were purposefully interviewed in 27 semi-structured ways. The achievement of the open coding phase was fifteen main classes. Some of the causal factors are: unfavorable marriage, violence, marital breakdown, and ineffective communication. Some of the underlying factors are: dysfunctional family, socioeconomic status, and couples' sexual, psychological, and medical problems. Couples' weak coping strategies, factors influencing divorce, and dysfunctional beliefs are confounders. Strategic factors include the two main classes of flexibility and initiative as well as isolation and passivity. Consequences also include three main categories: 1. The stigma of divorce; 2. Erosion; 3. Relieving stress and creating a new lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to test and compare the causal model of team trust based on characteristics of team (job-adequate skills), work (role ambiguity) and organization (participative leadership) in employees with high and low predisposition to trust. The research method is descriptive-correlational through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The sample of this study consisted of 319 employees of Khuzestan Water Exploitation, Production and Transmission Company who were selected by simple random sampling. Job-Adequate Skills (Jarvenpaa et al., 1998), Role Ambiguity (Rizo et al., 1970), Path-Goal Leadership (Indvik, 1988), Predisposition to Trust (Ashleigh et al., 2012), and Team Trust (Costa & Anderson, 2011) scales, were used to collect data. The proposed model was evaluated by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS-24 and SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the proposed model fits well with the data. Also, the results showed that direct paths of that job-adequate skills to team trust (β=0.56, p<0.0001), role ambiguity to team trust (β= -0.19, p<0.0001) and participative leadership in team trust (β=0.18, p<0.0001) were significant. In addition, the multi-group analysis results showed that there is no significant difference between the path graph and the regression coefficients of the models of employees with high and low predisposition to trust. Overall, according to the results of the study, having the skills required for the job, existence a participative leadership atmosphere and reducing the ambiguity of the roles and responsibilities of the team can increase the level of trust within the teams.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-based training with traditional Teaching on mathematical performance of students with the mathematical disorders in Ahvaz city. The research method was an experimental-field method with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all students with the mathematical learning disorder in the age range of 8-9 years, Sample of the present study consisted of 60 subjects and three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) that were selected by simple random sampling from students with mathematical learning disorder referred to four centers of learning disorders in Ahvaz. The data were collected using the Iranian Key- Mathematical Test. The findings showed that both traditional and computer-based teaching methods improve the mathematical performance of students with mathematical disorders (F=8.052, P<0.01). However, descriptive data and averages indicated a more effective role for computer-based training in improving students' math performance.

The aim of this study was to design and test the pattern of the effect of mental-spirtual transformation and social support on marital happiness considering the mediating role of emotional regulation in parents of exceptional children. In this descriptive-correlational study, all the parents of exceptional children of Khuzestan privince in year 2019 constituted the research population. From this population, 234 people were selected through convenience sampling method. In this study, mental-spirtual transformation, social support, marital happiness and emotional regulation were used for data collection in this study. The proposed model was evaluated using a path analysis method. Bootstrap test was used to test the indirect relationships. The results of this study showed that all direct paths social support with marital happiness were significant. Indirect pathways were also significant through emotional regulation with marital happiness. The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the result and an important step in recognizing the effective factors in the marital happiness of parents of exceptional children and can be useful as a model for designing and stress management programs and increased marital happiness for this parents.

Interactional Behavior Analysis is a theory in psychology that is used wherever an understanding of individuals, relationships, communication and counseling is required. This research analyses the Fox and Rooster's tale of Marzban-name based on Berne's Theory of Personality in a descriptive –analytical method. The statistical population of this study is composed of the characters of this story. By examining the dimensions of the characters in the story, we can gain a better understanding of the complex thoughts and emotions of the human beings that symbolize the animal characters, each of which plays a role as a parent, a child, or an adult. This theory focuses on the interpersonal relationships between human beings and human relationships and emphasizes that if individuals have healthy and intimate relationships with each other and replace the destructive, negative and degrading ones with this type of behavior, they will lower their own and others' stress and make life more enjoyable. Research tools include triple personality dimensions, interactions, and mental states. The results of this study indicate the importance of applying this theory in solving emotional and behavioral problems of individuals. Furthermore, the impact of messages from other characters on the reactions and behaviors of individuals is also highlighted, and the importance of adapting this theory to literary works is clearly evident. In this work, the interactions of the characters are of the type of crosses and behaviors are on the way of achieving personal goals that ultimately lead to the disorder in their behavior.

The present study examined the relationship between academic competence and self-compassion variables with fear of academic failure through goals of achievement. The statistical population of the study was male and female students of the second grade of high school in Ahvaz city. From this population, 300 people were selected by multistage random sampling. The present study is a descriptive-correlational type of path analysis. Research data were collected using the scales of academic competence, self-compassion, fear of academic failure, and goals of achievement. The results showed that after eliminating some of the non-significant direct relationships between the research variables, the fit of the proposed model was confirmed. The results indicate that there is a negative correlation between self-compassion and academic competence with fear of academic failure, there is a negative correlation between self-compassion with performance and avoidance goals, and there is positive correlation between self-compassion with mastery, and there is a positive between avoidance orientation with fear of academic failure, and there is negative correlation between mastery and performance goals. The results also showed that the indirect relationships of variable academic competence with achievement goals through fear of academic failure were non-meaningful, but the indirect relationship between self-compassion and fear of academic failure through these goals were significant. The results of this study suggest that in order to reduce the fear of academic failure in students, it is appropriate to reinforce the concept of academic competence and self-compassion in students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the experienced happiness with the moderating role of optimism. 225 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman participated in this survey. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data, and the questionnaires were Optimism-Pessimistic, Fragility of Happiness and Subjective Happiness. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS-22 software. The results of the regression analysis showed that the fragility of happiness beliefs has a negative relationship with experienced happiness. In addition, optimism was able to moderate the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the experienced happiness. In other words, optimism reduced the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the experienced happiness. According to this, it is possible to reduce the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the experience of happiness in the students by improving their optimism.

 Attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder is the most common disorder in childhood period. This study was carried out with the aim of comparing two types of treatment in different types of visual attention.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. Fifty elementary school male students were selected as sample from students referred to psychiatric clinics in Karaj city. The sample that was selected using convenient sampling method was grouped randomly into three same groups including two experimental and one control group. Pre-test was done on all three groups using IVA test. One of the experimental groups was rehabilitated for 14 sessions using researcher-made tool. Another experimental group was treated for 18 sessions using neurofeedback method with Beta protocol. Control group did not receive any interventions. Afterwards, a post-test was done on all three groups using IVA test.

Results were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and MANCOVA analysis method. Results of multivariable co-variance analysis method showed cognitive rehabilitation method is more efficient than neurofeedback method in improving different types of visual attention in elementary school male students with ADHD.

Rehabilitation method used for improving different types of visual attention in elementary school male students with ADHD is more efficient compared with neurofeedback method.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group intervention based on PEERS’ program on reducing behavioral problems and social anxiety in adolescents with high-function autism disorder. This study was performed using single-subject method and A-B-A design. The statistical population of the study included students with autism spectrum disorder in Yazd city in the academic year of 2017-2018. Four students with high-function autism were selected through purposeful sampling method. The training sessions were organized according to the PEERS intervention program of the in 14 sessions Based on the results of the visual analysis of the data, the program has been effective in improving behavioral problems and social anxiety. In order to follow up the intervention, one month after the intervention, the children’s behavior assessment system (BASC-3) and the social anxiety questionnaire(SAS-A) were completed by mothers and adolescents.Based on the findings of this study, it seems that the nature of the intervention program with the participation of mothers together with the creation of opportunities for the interaction of adolescents lead to the improvement of social anxiety. Also, the PEERS program can have a direct and positive effect on behavioral problems. The present study provides evidence for the effectiveness of PEERS’ Program on behavioral problems and social anxiety in adolescents with High-Function Autism disorder. It seems to be the group nature of the program, use of role playing and maternal participation have important role in decrease behavioral problems and social anxiety in adolescents with high-function autism disorder.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of academic achievement in people with visual impairments. So the qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used. Participants in this study were 15 people with visual impairments who were blind for most of their life and, were students or graduates of the Ph.D. in the academic year 96-97. They were selected by purposeful sampling with snowball method and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The data collected were analyzed by the Colaizzi method and the 248 original codes extracted from the interviews based on semantic similarity 44 concepts received and then 10 main categories with the related concepts which include: Family support, Education to eliminate needs, Compensating for unpleasant experiences and emotions, Optimistic attitudes and beliefs, Implicit achievements in education, Establishing educational settings, Positive personality traits, Cognitive talents and abilities, Positive social factors and Setting goals based on values and interests.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy training on self-care and self- regulation of men with physical and mental disabilities. The population of this study consists of all males from 20 to 35 years of physical and motor disabilities referring in Shadegan Hospices 2018. Among the statistical population, using the targeted method and based on the scores of Self-care behaviors questionnaires and Emotional Self-Regulatory Questionnaire in pretest, 30 people who had entry and exit criteria formed the statistical sample. The 30 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 subjects who were tested and controlled, and the experimental group received the reality of the treatment and the control group on the waiting list. For analysis of data, covariance analysis and SPSS 21 software were used. The results of the study showed that the reality therapy was effective on the self-care and self-regulation of men with physical and motor disabilities, that is, self-care and self-regulation of Men with physical and motor disabilities participating in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group.