فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال شانزدهم شماره 66 (زمستان 1398)

The pericardiectomy is an effective remedy for some heart disease and the use of the heart biomarkers are a significant way to assessing the surgery on the heart health. In this regard, the Creatine Kinase (CK), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes as spatial heart damage enzymes are particularly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pericardiectomy surgery on the activity of heart damage marker enzymes in the healthy rabbits. Twelve healthy white male New Zealand rabbits in the same age, approximately weight of 1.5±0.3 kg were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Experimental group were treated with Pericardiectomy, while the control group undertook Thoracotomy. In order to evaluate CK, LDH and AST enzymes, blood samples were taken from both groups during first, second, third and fourth weeks following the operation. There was a significant difference between CK level of control and experimental groups in 1st week (p<0.05). Significant difference was observed in experimental group CK in first weak in comparison with 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase in AST and LDH level of experimental groups in 2st week (p<0.05). Difference in experimental group AST and LDH in 2nd week was significant in comparison with 1st, 3rd and 4th weeks (p<0.05). In general, it is concluded that pericardiectomy may lead to temporary increase of the heart damage enzyme markers in first and second weeks, after this time, the level of the mentioned enzymes will return to the normal range, this damage is transitory.

Based on previous studies, Oat plant is a medicinal herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. But no studies have been done on the role of this plant in restoring the sciatic nerve. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of GFAP and S100 after treatment with oat extracts in the experimental sciatic nerve injury in rat. Fifty adult male rats were divided into five groups (n=10). Group 1 kept as sham‚ group 2: control group (nerve injury without treatment). In groups 3-5 sciatic nerve injury was done, then animal received oral gavage of the oat extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), respectively. Then 2 and 4 weeks later, rats were Euthanasia or death by pity for Immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation of nerve repair. The analysis of immunohistochemical results and the expression of S100 and GFAP after 2 weeks period showed that in the 4-5 group with therapeutic dose (200-400 mg / kg), the expression of the gene was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P <0.05). Also, the results of gene expression after 4 weeks showed that group 5 with a dose (400 mg / kg) had significantly decreased compared to the control group (P <0.05). These results suggested oat extract has positive effect with (P <0.05) on sciatic nerve repair in rat.

Subtilisin genes, which encoding serine protease, have an important role in the pathogenicity of dermatophytes. The aim of this study was considered the presence of Subtilisin gene (SUB) and its similarity in 25 clinical and nonclinical samples of two dermatophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum) and Microsporum gypseum (M. gypseum), by using molecular method and designing dendrogram.64% (16/25) strains showed the active presence of the gene. Statistical analysis of data showed the correlation among the presence of SUB gene, the host (human/ animal/ soil) and the type of dermatophytes (p0.05).By using NTSYS software, UPGMA method and cut off number 70%, the strains were classified in 10 different genotypes according to their similarities to SUB gene (the Simpson coefficient of primers was 0/88).Due to different reports of presence/absence of Subtilisin gene in clinical and nonclinical strains of Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum gypsum,in this study, new primers were designed and synthesized to confirm the presence of Subtilisin gene in strains 64% of the, which, of course, requires more studies for further confirmation.

Its reported that certain parasites can create oxidative stress in fish tissues, causing a wide range of damage to vital biochemical compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Dactylogyrus spp. oxidative stress on DNA damage, lipids and proteins in gill tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sample of 120 common carp were obtained from different fish farms of West Azerbaijan Province. After dissection and microscopic examination of their gill tissues, 22 (17.74%) of the fish were found infected with Dactylogyrus parasites, and uninfected fish were used as control group. To investigate the oxidative stress of Dactylogyrus parasites in gill tissue, the amount of damage to DNA by alkaline commet assay, the amount of damage to the lipids by measuring the amount of malondialdehyde and the amount of damage to proteins by the amount of carbonylation protein (thiol group) were measured and compared in infected and non-infected fish (as control group). After analyzing the data, the results showed that Dactylogyrus spp. through increasing the level of DNA damage, increased levels of malondialdehyde and carbonylation proteins significantly (P˂0.05) caused oxidative stress in infected gill tissue.

For centuries Herbal medicines have been used to treat various diseases in many societies. Among of them essences have well known properties. The essence of Origanum vulgare have been shown to possess effects like as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, carminative, antispasmodic and analgesic activities. In this study, the Ketoconazole 2% antifungal cream drug and Origanum vulgare essence were used to treat dermatophytosis induced by Microsporum canis in an experiment on cats. The 36 healthy domestic short hair male cats were divided in 3 groups randomly for clinical evaluation. As the following, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Origanum vulgare essence was detected at 0/19 μl/ml. The treatment started 5 days after infection as 12 hours’ regimen and was considered until 40 days’ post infection. Patients in both Ketoconazole 2% cream and Origanum vulgare essence groups had completed cure at day 40. Results discussions show that the Origanum vulgare essence similar to Ketoconazole 2% cream is an effective drug to treat Microsporum canis induced dermatophytosis.

Gentamicin is used for the infections caused by gram negative bacteria. Sever toxicity of this antibiotic through the therapeutic dosage is seen. Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was evaluated for gentamicin side effects in different therapeutic dosages. 90 red strain of this fish with 10g as mean weight were put in fives-groups in 30-litered 18 aquaria. Control one: saline injection for 5 days. Control one: saline injection for 10 days. Treatment one: 5 mg/kg gentamicin for 5 days. Treatment two: 5 mg/kg gentamicin for 10 days. Treatment three: 20 mg/kg gentamicin for 5 days. Treatment four: 20 mg/kg gentamicin for 10 days. All injections were I.P. and the volume in accordance with 1 ml/kg. This study was performed in six groups with three replicates. 24 hours after the last injection, samples were collected for pathologic effects investigation. Samples were stained with H&E. There was no histologic change and lesions in control groups. But histopathologic effects were observed in treatments. These changes are necrosis, glomerular atrophy, inflammatory cells presence, tubular dilation, hyperemia, hemorrhage and interstitial edema, hydropic degeneration in tubular cells and finally kidney necrosis or tissue destruction. By increase of dosage and duration of gentamicin use, lesions were promoted.

Microsporum canis is one of the main causes of dermatophytosis in cats and dogs, and is the most common cause of human infection. Seeing problems with the use of classical drugs and the increasing use of herbal medicines has led to the replacement of herbal-derived antifungal compounds instead of synthetic drugs, which is important in the amelioration of patients with dermatophytosis. In the present study, the in vitro anti-fungal effects of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and alcoholic extract of propolis on 25 isolates of microsporum canis were analyzed by broth macrodilution method. Also, their effects on the changes of microconidia of these fungi was studied by microscope. The results of anti-fungal effects of mentioned compounds demonstrated that the MIC of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and alcoholic extract of propolis were in the range of 0.2-30.5 and 0.2-488.2μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, microscopic observation of fungal microconidia revealed their deformation as a result of the influence of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and alcoholic extract of propolis. Therefore, the results unveiled that Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and propolis alcoholic extract both exhibit inhibitory effects on the growth of all tested fungal isolates.