فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 36 (بهار 1399)

The Islamic Republic of Iran has gone through experiments, challenges and crises over the past 32 years, the historian role of the Vali-e-Faqih in controlling and manipulating of which was proven to be unique and undeniable. Any of such events had already broken down political regimes or their ideological systems in other countries. Yet, the outcome of the events in Iran emerged quite differently in such an astonishing way for the world. Contrary to all of the predictions of Western analysts and observers, the events of 2009 added to the authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and at the same time, the attention of the world turned towards the “role leadership in crisis management”. This research aimed at designing a strategic model for the management of social unrests on the basis of the Supreme Leader’s management in the events of 2009. Pointing out some theoretical components and approaches of crisis and crisis management, the researcher analyzed the speeches and commands of the Supreme Leader in the year of election through thematic analysis. The results indicated that the management of the Supreme Leader in 2009 was based on rationality, justice, value orientation, efficiency and anti-arrogance in the three stages of pre-election, election and post-election. His successful managerial style correctly controlled the unrests that could have caused a serious security crisis for the country.

Personality affects managers' attitudes, performance, and management styles. According to the nature of the subject and the data, this research employed descriptive-survey method and random stratified sampling method. The statistical population of the study contained 278 managers and experts of crisis management in Khuzestan province, 224 of whom were men and 54 were women. The data collection tool was a personality assessment questionnaire by the big five personality test (Neo). LBAII Hershey and Blanchard questionnaire was used to evaluate management styles, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the crisis management processes. The results indicated that, 1) Managers' personality traits affect their management styles. 2) Managers' styles affect crisis management. 3) Managerial personality traits affect crisis management. This research modifies the effects of managers' personalities on their management styles in the process of crisis management by presenting a practical model (managers and experts of the Khuzestan Crisis Management Headquarters). Thereafter, on the basis of the research findings, it explains the effect and the role of each component through a triangular model.

This is a development research in terms of purpose, which follows a descriptive, survey and analytical method. The statistical population of the study contains the affected the North Azumdel villages and the families living there. The data collection of this research for answering research questions included documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data) methods. A questionnaire and several interviews were employed in the survey phase of the research. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of experts. The study was conducted in a similar region to ​​the statistical population with 30 questionnaires. Using the special formula of Cronbach's alpha in SPSS software for the analysis of the obtained data, the reliability of different parts of the research questionnaire turned out to be 0.86 to 0.91. A factor analysis model was employed for data analysis. The findings suggest that empowering the villagers socially, psychologically, and economically can reduce the severity of the crisis and will result in the improvement of management of the region. Continuous training of the villagers for improving their cognitive capacity and empowering them regarding sociological, psychological, and economic attitudes, can play important roles in improving knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the villagers in earthquake crisis management. The results indicated that the most important factors in improving earthquake crisis management in the studied region include firming up information and structural empowerment, promoting the villagers' resilience against earthquake, government intervention, establishment of cooperation and collaboration among villagers, promoting economic stability and strengthening the physical infrastructure and their houses. The variance and collective variance explained by these factors are equal to 61/12.

This research is intended to evaluate the performance of crisis management of earthquake in Shonbeh. The researcher investigated the performance of the components of crisis management, that is, preparation, prevention, response, reconstruction, and rehabilitation. In this regard, the special place of the local people in providing relief was observed seriously. Afterwards, crisis and reconstruction managers regarded the speed of performance of reconstruction as the criterion of their progress by giving reconstruction projects to contractor. This caused dissatisfaction among people.

The terrorist group of ISIS was able to attract a large number of people, including men, women, teenagers and even children, from different cities and countries by employing several extensive methods. They attracted a large number of manpower from all over the world. Through social mobilization of their members, they extended their territories to a far-reaching domain. Due to the shortage of research in this field, this research aimed at modifying the methods of attracting people and designing social mobilization of their members. This descriptive-analytical research showed that ISIS made extensive use of Internet to establish propaganda and deceive people and make unfair promises, such as establishing the apocalyptic government, by emphasizing on the pervasive Islamic identity through horror and so-called popularity and receiving support from countries in the region for their regional and trans-regional transmission of their members and facilities, which led to social mobilization. Comprehensive identification of these groups leads to a better and more effective control over them, indicating how much this research was necessary.

The issue of crisis management and management technology, as well as encountering its challenges, are always considered by attentive and creative decision-makers. They have already prepared control plans for emergency and critical situations. Hence, crisis management is defined as providing the groundwork and the necessary organizational arrangements and preparedness for dealing with the crisis, or minimizing its destructive outcomes. In this way, the officials in charge can observe and analyze the process and plans, and work in a coordinated and integrated manner along with the necessary preparation, rapid relief and improvement until the normal situation is reached. A special associated management group, called Crisis Management Group, can be missioned to prepare and formulate policies, goals, guidelines, executive solutions, and strategies for adaptation with the current situation. This study is an example of a crisis management plan at universities, so that dealing with events and emergencies in case of a crisis, the main committees and the sub-committees can be formed on time to make the right decisions to reduce damage, increase readiness, give proper response and make reconstruction, and normalize the situation.