Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume:22 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2020

Parent-child interaction styles have always been considered one of the main reasons for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Meanwhile, parent-child interaction patterns effective in the development of OCD haven’t been widely studied. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to systematically review parent-child interaction styles influential in the development of OCD.

The statistical population of the study includes all the papers indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, PsychNet, Magiran, and SID databases published from 2000 to 2018. The papers went through two screening stages and then they were investigated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposed sampling, through which 16 papers were selected as the final sample of the study. The main data collection method was the qualitative review of the content of the papers based on the main question of the study.

After selecting the final papers, 15 components were extracted, ultimately categorized into five classes of components influential in the development of OCD. These classes included parental flexibility, parental support, parental care, control, and cold relations.  

Based on the results of the study, parent-child interaction styles play a major role in the development of OCD, and they can be used as an effective predictor for the development of this disorder.

 Psychological hardiness plays a significant role in coping with problems and disasters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between spiritual well-being and religious commitment with vitality feeling in people with substance abuse disorder.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all people with substance abuse disorder who were referred to addiction clinics in Mashhad during May-July 2016. According to Morgan table, 225 people with substance abuse disorders were selected by convenient sampling method. They responded to the questionnaires of Desi and Ryan vitality, Janbozorgi religious commitment, Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being, and Kubasa's psychological hardiness. The data were analyzed by correlation and path analysis methods using Amos and SPSS software.

The findings showed that psychological hardiness plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between spiritual well-being and religious commitment with feeling of vitality in people with substance abuse disorder. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between spiritual well-being and religious commitment with feeling of vitality in these people.

According to the results, it seems that psychological hardiness has a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual well-being and religious commitment with the feeling of vitality in people with substance abuse disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in patients referred to psychiatric clinics in Tehran.

This clinical trial was conducted on clients referred to psychology clinics in Tehran during 2015 with diagnosis of depression and anxiety by psychiatric commission. Sixty individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one control). The research tool was Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. One group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the other group received transcranial magnetic stimulation for 20 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance analysis.

There was a significant difference between transcranial magnetic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in clients (P<0.01).

It seems that transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in reducing anxiety and depression but cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce depression and anxiety more than transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Considering the increasing prevalence of substance abuse disorder and its accompanying violence and aggression among adolescents and youth in recent years, issues such as self-control and emotional regulation in people with substance abuse disorder is imperative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated matrix therapy on self-control and emotional regulation in methamphetamine abusers.

The statistical population of this clinical trial included all patients with methamphetamine abuse who referred to Mashhad Substance Abuse Clinics in winter 2016. Thirty cases were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools include Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski, Kraaij, Spinhoven, 2001) and Tangney's Self-Control Scale (SCS) (2004). After pre-test, the experimental group received integrated matrix therapy in 24 forty-five minute sessions (two sessions per week). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance, ANCOVA and SPSS software.

Integrated matrix therapy increased self-control and emotional regulation in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the effect of integrated matrix therapy on emotional regulation in methamphetamine abusers is about 36%.

It seems that integrated matrix therapy has a positive effect on self-control and emotional regulation in methamphetamine abusers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of supportive-expressive and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies on depression and adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients with a focus on improving the physician-patient relationship.

This clinical trial was performed as pretest and posttest with randomized sampling control group. Participants were 45 hemodialysis patients, aged 20-50 years, in Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad and Taleghani hospital of Torbat Jam in 2018-2019 who completed these 3 questionnaires: Beck Depression II, Karami and Keyvanara Physician-Patient Relation Patterns and End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). The patients with moderate to severe depression divided into 2 experimental groups and one control group (n=15). Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Findings in multivariable indicators showed a short-term effect (pretest-posttest) equal to 0.81 and a long-term effect (pretest-4 month follow-up) equal to 0.83 in supportive-expressive therapy group compared to the control group. In the cognitive-behavioral therapy with the same significance level, the short-term and long-term effects were 0.70 and 0.14. Finally, by using Bonferroni test and average comparison profiles, the short-term and long-term effects of supportive-expressive therapy were more than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

It seems that supportive-expressive therapy with focusing on improving the relationship has more significant effects to reduce depression and increase adherence to treatment than the other therapy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy and Quality of Life therapy (QOLT) on self-destructive behaviors and emotional cognitive regulation in substance abusers.

In this clinical trial, forty-five men with substance dependency aged over than 20 years who referred to the Mashhad Substance Abuse Clinics during 2019 and they were undergoing treatment selected through convenient sampling method. The selected men were randomly divided into 3 groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) or quality of life skills training and the control group received no training. Data were collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Self-Destructive behaviors questionnaire. Data analyzed through descriptive statistics, covariance analysis and SPSS software.

The results showed that the therapeutic methods used in this study were effective on self-destructive behaviors and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.01). Also, the results showed no significant difference between the two treatments. 

 According to the results of this study, Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy and Quality of Life therapy (QOLT) are effective on self-destructive behaviors and emotional cognitive regulation in substance abusers.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of attachment styles and brain-behavioral systems in ‎substance abuse relapse of opiate addicts. ‎

In this causal-comparative research, 50 addicts with opiate relapse were selected randomly from among those admitted to ‎Omid and Rahaei addiction treatment clinics and MMT government unit of Sabzevar city; 50 addicts with the purity ‎of over one year from among the participants in NA groups and 50 individuals from among non-addicts in Sabzevar city ‎in 2016 through convenience sampling. All the subjects completed Revised Adult Attachment Inventory (RAAI) and ‎Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ). For data analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance test, ‎Kruskal Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS-23 software were applied.‎ 

The results demonstrated that people with substance abuse relapse compared to the non-affected group and ‎individuals with the purity of over one year had greater insecure ambivalent attachment ‎style (P=0.001). Further, non-addicts relative to pure people suffer from less ambivalent attachment (P=0.012). ‎Although there was no significant difference between pure people and abusers in terms of brain-behavioral systems, the ‎activity of the approach component in the behavioral activation system (BAS), the component of passive avoidance in the ‎behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the component of flight in the fight-flight system was higher in two groups of people ‎with substance abuse relapse and pure people compared to non-addicts (P<0.05).‎

It seems that the insecure attachment style and brain-behavioral systems have an important role in ‎substance abuse relapse.‎

Breast cancer is a chronic and debilitating disease that accompanied with many psychological problems in diagnosis and treatment process, which reduces adherence to treatment. Various interventional models have been used to increase adherence to treatment. One of these models is motivational interview. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in patients with breast cancer. 

In this clinical trial, 44 patients with breast cancer who referred to Kowsar hospital in Semnan were selected and randomly assigned into three groups (group intervention, individualized intervention and control). Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence Questionnaire used for pre and post-test. After pre-test, individual and group motivational interviews (5 weekly 45 minute sessions) performed. Data analyzed by covariance analysis in SPSS-21 software. 

The findings of one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in pre-test scores of medication adherence between the groups (F= 0.188, P= 0.829). The results showed that the mean score of medication adherence in individualized and group intervention increased, while the scores of the control group reduced. Therefore, motivational interviewing increased medication adherence in individualized and group interventions (P<0.002). 

Generally, motivational interviewing is effective to increase medication adherence in patients with breast cancer. Considering no significant difference between individualized and group intervention, group intervention recommended due to the cost-effectiveness.