مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1399)

Social and economic factors which causes inequality and social exclusion have the main role in the variety of peripheral spaces forms. One cannot expect improvement in the current situation in the network economics, along with information technology at the ointment of economic neoliberalism, something that has been shown clearly by northern Europe and also by the counties that have abandoned central planning system. Analysis and planning of urban and its peripheral space, have been based on the approaches of separating the elements and factors affecting the transformation till 1990, that made it difficult to manage the city and peripheral environment comprehensively. This shows that comprehensive planning of city-region cannot be merely rely on spatial planning and positivism. It is the proper combination of methods and taking into account the political, historical, social and economic trends in planning that can improve the current situation. The system on governance and monitoring should regulate the institutional structure in such a way that, while not blocking the way for personal initiatives and personal motivations, the efforts of individuals and organizations to maximize benefits, be consistent with long term interests and national benefits.

Today, big cities growth and population increasing has caused disconnecting in sympathy links and altruism in metropolises . In this survey, with regard to notice to necessity to social issues such as stranger-anonymity in today's metropolis's spaces, we inspect stranger-familiarity phenomenon components in social spaces in connected and disconnected rustics in Rasht metropolis. Researching-description survey approach was for practical goal. Data is gathered by questionnaire. Chochran formula has been used for determining sample volume, with regard to 120 thousand individual statistical populations of connected and disconnected rural region of Rasht metropolis district and questionnaire has been provided from 384 peasants. Smart-pls was used for analyzing data and with structural equation help we inspected relations between social components such as: social coherence, social participation, social trust, social support, sense of community, social universalism in relation with stranger-familiarity phenomenon. Results of survey show that these relations in connected and disconnected rural regions to Rasht metropolis all have direct and positive relation. Among these, social coherence with social participation have the most effect on each other and these correlations and common points among connected rural region citizens to Rasht metropolis itself prevents many social contradicts and oppositions.

The present study aimed to examine the satisfaction of Mass Constructed houses in Tehran. In this regard, economic, socio-cultural and environmental-physical components were evaluated in eight indices and 31 questions. The statistical population of this research included two new cities of Parand and Pardis in western and eastern districts of Tehran in which the most mass constructed houses are located known as Mehr Housing Project. Sample size was based on Cochran formula in each of the cities with 380 inhabitants using cluster sampling and then simple random sampling. The results of the questionnaire which were analyzed by independent t-test with alpha level of 5% showed that the residents' dissatisfaction with Mehr housing project is evident in all dimensions in both cities. In Parand, the total scores on economic, socio-cultural and environmental-physical dimensions are 2.30, 2.26 and 2.22, respectively, while they are 2.17, 2.27 and 2.50, respectively, in Pardis, which is lower than the 3-level average. In Parand and Pardis, more than 83% and 79% of the residents are interested in moving out of that region over the next five years, respectively.

Cognition and explanation Economic and social effects on the relations between the city and the areas of Urban Peripheral, It has theoretical and practical importance. Developments in areas of Urban Peripheral depend on a set of internal and external factors and forces, all of which in a way all arise from the interaction and relationship between the residential areas of areas of Urban Peripheral, and the city with each other. The present article has been done with the aim of Analysis of Economic and Social Effects of areas of Urban Peripheral of Bonjar. This research is a survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of the nature and method of research. Data needed for research using documents - field (questionnaires, observation) have been collected. Also, SPSS software and Fuzzy Mamdani model were used to analyze the data. The results of stepwise multiple regression test showed that the effects of Zabol city on economic and social development of areas of Urban Peripheral of Bonjar have a significant relationship at the level of P = 0.05. Also, the results of Chi-square test, according to the level of significance obtained 0.000, show a significant and positive relationship between these two variables (economic and social impact of the central city (Zabol) and the areas of Urban Peripheral (Benjar). The output results of fuzzy inference system in MATLAB software using Mamdani fuzzy model showed that the economic and social dimensions, respectively, with the final no Fuzzy (0.65) and (0.60) they are at the average level.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the challenges of rural management and their role in the underdevelopment Toward Suburban Villages in Shiraz. The statistical population of the present study includes the villages around Shiraz city in Fars province up to a radius of 6 km. Accordingly, in this study, 12 villages that are exposed to the most managerial challenges of proximity to Shiraz city with 12246 households Has been reviewed. Using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.08, 150 households were identified as sample households In order to achieve the desired goals, in addition to documentary studies, a wide range of indicators were determined and examined in the framework of field studies (completion of questionnaires and field observation forms). Also, for data analysis, software, FAHP, GRA and single-sample T tests and Kendall correlation coefficient were used in SPSS software.The results of T-single test confirm that in the variables (socio-cultural 25.3 and civil, 3.22), the level of rural management challenges and its role in the underdevelopment Toward Suburban Villages higher than the theoretical average (3). Also, the results of Kendall test showed that, between the challenges of rural management and rural distance from Shiraz city, according to the value of Kendall correlation coefficient (-0.711) and the error level less than 0.05%, there is a significant negative relationship. This means that with increasing distance from the city, the challenges of rural management have had less of an impact on the lack of development of villages around the city. Finally, using GRA technique, it was found that rural management challenges with the emphasis on underdevelopment of the studied villages in the villages of Kroni, Khatouni, MahFiroozan and Sultanabad have the most impact and in Mahmudabad, Shapurjan and EqbalAbad villages have the moderate and have a weak effect in other villages.

In irregular urban growth discourse in developing countries, the most economical and social indicator of poverty and unofficial settlement is emergence of urban sprawl. This phenomenon, while creating instability and destroying agricultural areas, creates irregular and scattered physical growth around metropolises and can encourage rural-urban migration. In addition to local-spatial changes, it has a significant role in the underdevelopment of the city and surrounding villages. Therefore, the present study investigated this issue with the aim of "analyzing the effects of urban sprawl on the physical-spatial changes of peripheral villages of Zahedan". The research method was descriptive-analytical and field study were used for data collection. The statistical population included 4 villages around Zahedan city which the urban sprawl had the greatest impact on them. The required data were obtained from Landsat satellite images and parametric tests were used to analyze them. The findings showed that the effects of Zahedan urban sprawl and its prevailing spatial currents have caused physical-spatial changes in various dimensions (population growth, village size and changes in employment and activity structure) in peripheral villages. These effects were negative on agricultural sector, positive on services sector and in the social dimension indicated the creation of a bedroom suburb role and an increase in population movement and cultural exchanges.

Housing is the most important component of the physical fabric of the village, over time and in harmony with social and economic changes has been associated with functional change. These changes are not in line with the rural economy and have led to socio-economic incompatibilities and the livelihood function of rural housing. In the present study, the components of livelihood-based housing and socio-economic factors affecting livelihood-based housing developments have been analyzed. The type of research is applied and its nature is descriptive-analytical. The data collection method was library and field (observation and questionnaire, interview), the data analysis method was descriptive and inferential (one-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation coefficient test and structural equations). The statistical population of the study includes households in the village of Miracles in Zanjan province. Using Cochran's formula, 273 families in 5 villages were selected as a sample. Rural sampling was simple to select households at random, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the indices, the values ​​of which were 0.70%. Findings show that, based on one-sample t-test, rural livelihood-oriented housing in the dimensions of livelihood-production, logistics, biological, socio-cultural is estimated below the numerical average. Also, the findings of structural equations show that there is a relationship between economic factors and livelihood-based housing with a regression value of 0.715. Rural livelihood-based housing in the dimensions of livelihood-production, darkat, biological, socio-cultural, respectively, indicates the low level of housing model in the form of livelihood. The results of socio-economic factors in housing developments showed four dimensions of income, employment, assets, Housing costs are at a disadvantage. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that as the socio-economic indicators improve, so does the tendency to build livelihood-based housing.

Making targeted subsidies as a controvertible issue in Islamic Republic of Iran that has attempt to increasing of production and reducing of straight government costs. Flexibility of production and improvement of different economic sections are the most goals of Iranian targeted subsidy plan. The review of the contents of the Strategic Resource of resistive Economy Program also shows that the program aims to stabilize production areas within the country by increasing the volume, amount and productivity in the national economy. Regarding the importance of subsidy targeting, the present study uses a survey method to investigate the functional impact of this project on resistive economics. For this, the main question of the research is that the targeting of subsidies has a relationship with a resilient economy. Economic Dimensions The subsidy targeting plan in this research is based on four household consumption behavior indicators, household budget and household expenditure, satisfaction from meeting needs and welfare level of the household before and after the implementation of the plan. The results show that there is no significant difference in household consumption basket, and therefore the subsidy-targeting scheme seems to have a negative and inverse relation with resistive economy and in the long run can be one of the obstacles to realization of the national/resistive economy.

Cities are growing rapidly, and the ecological reflection of cities, especially large ones, and their growing population is primarily due to the spatial expansion or physical development of cities and the encroachment on agriculture and natural resources. This expansion, on the one hand, has caused urban evasion and, on the other hand, has increased the desire for second homes and rest in places far from cities. This is especially serious for the neighboring villages of metropolitan areas, especially Tehran and major cities. Therefore, every rural settlement located on the outskirts and around these urban centers has been exposed to attention. This has had different effects in the villages. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental, physical-spatial, social and economic effects of urban creep in Mehrabad village. The research method in this article is a qualitative method based on interviews. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of managers, officials and rural households living in the village. The interviews were conducted by snowball method and saturated. The results showed that in the social dimension, the growth of urbanism and change of attitude of the villagers is the most important effect that urban growth has left in Mehrabad village and in the economic dimension, the imbalance in employment and reduction of income and savings of the villagers. Livestock farming has occurred. The most important physical effect of urban landslides in Mehrabad village has been lawlessness and increasing illegal construction, and in the environmental dimension, it has led to the destruction of natural resources and the increase in environmental pollution.

In recent decades, in development research, including economic, social and ecological research, border areas and boundary effects have received great attention. Therefore, in this study, Analysis of the effect of the function of border cities on the development and transformation Peripheral areas (Case study: Zahedan and Mirjaveh cities in Sistan and Baluchestan province). The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and data and information collection is done through documentary and field methods. The statistical population includes three target categories (economic actors related to cross-border business activities, Experts and local officials and managers and a number of companies, transit, Urban business associated with borders and Culbery, The sample size was determined using Cochran formula 367. The time domain of the research has been done between 2018-2019 and the Geographic territory, including Peripheral areas the cities of Zahedan (Mehrshahr and Zibashahr neighborhoods) and Mirjaveh (Barfi neighborhood) in Sistan and Baluchestan province. In this study, four dimensions of development (environmental, social, cultural and management) has been studied in 40 indicators. The findings show that; The most important strengths affecting the Function and development relations of the border cities of Zahedan and Mirjaveh on the Peripheral areas are related to social strengths with an average of 3.55 and among the weaknesses, social weakness with an average of 3.63 and among opportunities, economic and managerial opportunities with an average 3.53 and Finally, among the types of threats, social threats with an average of 3.75 have the most impact.

Urban poverty has become a challenge in the metropolitan periphery area. Shahriar is one of the most immigrant centers in Tehran province. Its population has risen from 7,207 in 1966 to 25,6,730 in 2011. Accordingly, the poverty zones in this city are revealed and the purpose of this article is to determine their location. The present study is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. The research results indicate a kind of polarization space in the Shahriyar city. So that a number of neighborhoods are in an unconventional and disadvantaged situation, including North and South Bradabad, Mohammadiyeh, Keresh, Farhang, Taleghani, Kohnz, Sink, Farzanegan, Northern Maryam, Edari Shahrak, East and West baghestan, Moin-ol-Molk, Bahar, Ali Sha'oz, South Shahzai, Dinara Abad and Southern Astaneh. At the same time, a number of neighborhoods are in a better position, including South Maryam, Southwest, North Shahshahi, Boostan, North Astana, Sadaf and Shahid. On the other hand, the neighborhoods of Amirabad (North and South Bradabad), Kershteh, Farhang and Kahnaz are known as the approved textures of Shahriar city. The area of worn-out tissue in Shahriar is 150 hectares, which according to the statistics of 1390, 46274 people live in it. Therefore, there is a complete overlap between the poor areas and the worn-out areas in Shahriar city.

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of good governance on the viability of suburban villages in Adran rural district. This research was conducted in terms of applied purpose of correlation and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study is 5831 people and 2107 households have been selected from the rural areas of Adran district. From the total population of the village using Cochran's formula, 365 people were selected as the sample. The instrument of the questionnaire was researcher-made. All samples were randomly selected. Cronbach's alpha for the governance variable was 0.87 and the viability was 0.89. The results showed that the status of good governance indicators in Adran rural district is unfavorable (2.59) and the status of livability indicators is somewhat relatively favorable (2.77). Pearson correlation test was used to see the relationship between the two variables and the results showed that there is a strong relationship between all indicators of good governance and livability. Among these, the variables of justice - centeredness , accountability, law- centeredness had the most relationship and transparency had the least relationship with livability, respectively. It can be said that the observance of justice by local managers using a good governance model has led to equal distribution of facilities and improved livelihood and increased quality of life in the suburban rural areas of the study area. Transparency among managers must be increased and people must be informed about plans and budget allocations. Finally, according to the results of the research, suggestions were made to help the existing challenges