مجله پژوهش در ادبیات کودک و نوجوان
پیاپی 2 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Qeysar Aminpour’s poets in children topics not only are simple and fluent, but also are full of poetry elements such as music, imagination and images. So, one of the most specific properties of them is being easy to abstrain. He used prosody rhythm as an exterior music of his poets.Music is the most important element of children poems and imaginary plays a significant role in structure of Qeysar’s poems.In this study, the music of Qeysar’s poems for children has been analyzed and classified.Firstly, we mentioned and introduced different types of music by presenting some examples of Qeysar’s poems, then the imagery techniques used in poets have been studied.It has been found that among all imagery techniques, the application of personification has the most frequency.By this research, it has been tried to discover how much innovate and influential Qeysar was in children poems’ structure by creating new imaginary pictures. Also, we can see the formation of many poems of Qeysar in the form of story.

Poems published for children’s literature, along with other genres of children’s literature, have seen a proliferation of prominent works in this field. The critique and review of the poetic works of prominent poets in this field can be a useful tool for the development of children's poetry and the promotion of the literary and artistic level of the works. Gholamreza Bektash, a young experienced poet who, according to Mostafa Rahmandoust, has become the spearhead of children’s  literature' poetry since 1991, has embarked upon composing poems for children’s  literature and is particularly active in this field. The quantity and quality of his published works and cultural activities in connection with children’s  literature have made him one of the eminent and latest poets in this field. In this research, after introducing and discussing the characteristics of poetic elements in poems published for children and adolescent, an attempt has been made to explore the aforementioned elements in the poetic words of Gholamreza Bektash, especially the book "Transcription of Spring " and the way elements such as music, imagination, language and emotion have been utilized.

Social stories in 1980s have been the most frequent story structure in the field of children’s  literature.’’ Social realistic stories’’ and ‘’ social idealistic stories’’ reflect the social difficulties and ideals of Iran during 1980s. The ‘’social realistic stories’’ have scored 181 items (59. 54%) from the whole reviewed stories. The most important subjects of realistic stories include:’’ family relationships with 93, ‘’ economic-cultural issues’’ with 46and ‘’ war and Islamic revolution’’ with 42 ones ‘’. ‘’ The social idealistic stories’’ have devoted 123 items (40.46%) of the whole reviewed stories. These stories mainly consider subjects such as:’’ standing against cruelty’’ with 86 and ‘’unity and sympathy’’ with 37 ones. Studies indicated that writers of the social stories of the 1980s. Studies indicate that the writers of social stories in 1980s mostly considered the age group of 9 to 11 as much as 94 items (30.92%) and the least group was the age group of 4 to 6 with 14 items (4.60%). The age group of 9 to 11 a 12-17 with 69 items (22.69%), the age group of 7-8 an 9 to 11 with 56 items (18.54%), the age group of 4 to 6 and 7-8 with 39 items (12.82%) and the age group of 7-8 with 32 items (10.52) were have been counted as the most common groups of these stories.

So far, many books have been written for children’s  literature. Most of the writers of these stories have been male, but female writers have also begun writing stories in this field within recent years. Since men and women are physiologically different, the stylistic studies have concluded that the men and female use different way of writing. The stories adapted from Adults’ books particularly The Epics of Kings (Shahnameh) that children’s  literature are so pleased with it. Atusa Salehi and Asadollah Shabani are among the writers of children’s  literature who first adapted the stories of The Epics of Kings for these two age groups. In this research, two works adapted from the story of Forud from Ferdowsi have been chosen from one male and one female writers in order to present the effect of the   writer’s gender on the adapted work. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method. The present research aims to contrastively scrutinize the characterization in the two selected works and display the similarities and differences caused by the effect of gender. Finally, it is concluded that gender affects adaptation. The gender of Atusa Salehi has given a famine ambiance to the story, while the male adaptor has given masculine ambiance to the whole story.

From long ago, the religious intellectuals have heeded to teach religious concepts. Ashura is the greatest religious event if Shia Islam and teaching this religious event have been remarkably emphasized. T.V and specially animation has been the most important media responsible for informing and teaching children for the sake of its specifications. Notably, it has been more successful than books and other media. As animation is popular among children, the current research aims to analyze the content of enjoying what is good and forbidding what is evil in chosen animations. The results have indicated that the chosen animations have shown enjoying what is good and forbidding what is evil to some extent.

Stories based on the genre of horror have always been the best seller ones in the field of children’s and adolescents’’ literature worldwide as well as Iran. Adolescent readers have extraordinarily been keen on them. The critics and theorists have been divided into two groups toward this issue. Some critics believe that stories based on the genre of horrors bring about harmful effects on child and adolescent readers. On the contrary, some other critics think that these works are the best sellers among adolescents because of the characteristics of adolescence. The present research scrutinizes the relation between the genre of horror, the reasons of horror stories among adolescents and the functions of the stories of this literal type among adolescent readers. The findings of this study indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the horror literal works and the needs of adolescence. Moreover, these types of stories convey remarkable psychological functions among adolescent readers. This research has been done based on descriptive-analytical approach.

 The purpose of present study was exploring the strategies with Persian translators of children’s literature have adopted in dealing with culture specific items. Moreover, this study investigated the cultural factors which have led to applying specific strategies in transferring cultural items from one language culture to another. The parts being analyzed were extracted from a book entitled to Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls which is written in 2016 by Elena Favilli and Francesca Cavallo and its three translated books by three contemporary translators. The comparative descriptive study was done based on characteristics of children’s literature translation and cultural context adaptation components which are proposed by Klingberg (1986).  The main attention was paid on the problems which happen in the process of translating of culture items categorized by Klingberg: lexical items within the sentences of the target text that sounded different in the text with source text. The result showed that by regarding to Klingberg’s strategies, translators can use these strategies to purify the text some of which are not accepted in terms of cross cultural communication in the target reader culture (i.e. Persian children); and most cross cultural exchanges were translated in two stories out of the three.  Based on obtained results (frequencies and percentages) the researcher concluded that rewording, substitution, and deletion were known to be the most frequently used strategies by translators. At last, it was concluded that three translators of the mentioned book should attend to cross cultural communication activity and they must acquaint themselves with two cultures and two languages to achieve their meanings in their own cultural background and because of international subjects they should provide the child with opportunity to get new things about new cultures.