Journal of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Volume:21 Issue: 3, Sep 2020

Dental caries is a global health issue, which imposes a great deal on individuals and the community.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the dental caries status and/or DMFT/dmft data and its related factors in Iran.

The search performed in the online databases to identify all literature published up to Oct 2018. The random effects model was applied to pool analysis and verses. Funnel plots and Egger test used to examine publication bias. All analyses were carried out with R software version 3.2.1 and STATA (version 11.1).

69 studies selected as eligible for final analysis which all were in age range of fewer than 18 years old except 4; so, all results and analyzes were only calculated in this age group. The total rate of dental caries was 72.8% (95%CI, 69.2-76.4%) and the mean of dental caries was 2.33 (95% CI, 2.12–2.54) based on DMFT values and 3.86 (95% CI, 3.49–4.22) based on the dmft values. These rates were almost similar in both sexes. Also, these trend were higher in rural than urban regions. Subgroup analysis found a direct relationship between DMFT index and age; while, the reverse was true for relationship between dmft and age. The mean dental caries were higher in children with low socioeconomic status, low family income, low educated and unemployed parents, crowded families, excessive carbohydrate intake and less toothbrushes frequency.

The present study showed high prevalence and experience of dental caries among children and adolescents [

Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a proven method in which the exposed pulp is coated with a suitable material to prevent further damage and to help its repair and healing.

The purpose of this study was to compare the response of human dental pulp after DPC with calcium enriched mixture (CEM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement and Biodentine.

In this clinical trial study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 30 human premolar teeth, until the pulps were mechanically exposed. Then, teeth were randomly pulp capped with MTA, CEM cement and Biodentine, followed by Resin modified glass ionomer filling. The fourth group was control (n = 10), which were extracted without any intervention. Six weeks after the intervention, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological evaluation in terms of the type and degree of pulp inflammation, dentin bridge formation and the presence of necrosis. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests.

In all groups, Necrosis was not observed and inflammation was chronic. The Biodentine group exhibited significantly more pulpal inflammation compared with the other groups (p= 0.001). There were no significant differences among CEM cement, MTA and Biodentine in terms of dentine bridge formation. The thickness of dentin bridge formed in the Bidonetine group was significantly higher than MTA and control groups (p= 0.035 and p= 0.011, respectively).

Although dentin bridge formation and the thickness of dentin bridge formed in the Biodentine group were higher than the other groups, pulp showed greater inflammation compared to CEM cement and MTA. The results of this study suggested that MTA and CEM cement performed better as the direct pulp capping material.

Mel-CAM (CD146, MUC18) is a 113-kD heterophilic cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein found in normal and tumoral tissues.

The aim of this study is assessing the expression of Mel-CAM in common oral carcinomas like salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to differentiate the OSCC from high-grade MEC.

This study was performed on 19 specimens of MEC and 17 specimens of OSCC, which were retrieved from the archive of Department of Pathology of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by using antibody against CD146. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software through Mann-Whitney, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Mel-CAM was expressed in all MEC samples and 10 OSCC cases. The two groups were significantly different regarding the CD146 expression (p= 0.035). Furthermore, the CD146 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the invasion mode (p= 0.002), tumor size (p= 0.012), and histologic grade (p= 0.024) in OSCC group. No significant correlation existed between the expression, intensity and location with the histologic grade of MEC (p> 0.05). Nor was any significant correlation detected between the CD146 expression and lymph node metastasis in neither group.

Regarding the significant correlation between the CD146 expression and the prognostic factors in OSCC, this marker may predict the prognosis in OSCC patients, but not the MEC lesions. It cannot be used for differentiating high-grade MEC and OSCC.

Systemic conditions can affect the salivary glands and oral health. Hypertension induces xerostomia. Because the function of saliva is related to its quality and quantity, therefore, any changes in saliva can lead to diminished quality of patient’s life.

  The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the relationship between hypertension and pH and viscosity of cumulative saliva in adults with hypertension.

This cross sectional study took place on patients referred to oral medicine faculty of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science. The patients’ blood pressure was measured and the 135 patients fitting the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Their unstimulated cumulative saliva was collected by spitting method and pH of the samples was measured by digital pH-meter set. Viscosity of the samples was measured by comparing the amount of saliva displacement in the thistle tube with control fluids at mm/10 seconds. The data was analyzed by Spss 20 software and ANOVA Tests and Tukey multiple comparison and their nonparametric equivalent (p≤ 0.005).

This study showed that a significant relationship exists between pH and also viscosity of unstimulated saliva of normotensive and borderline hypertensive patients (pp< .005, respectively) and also between normotensive and stage I hypertensive patients (p<.0001, p<0.000). So, there is a direct and significant relationship between saliva viscosity and hypertensive patients and this relationship is reverse between saliva pH and hypertension.

Hypertension can cause an increase in viscosity and a decrease in pH of saliva in hypertensive patients that leads to salivary quantitative and qualitative changes and influences the oral health and quality of the patient’s life.

 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorder. This disease has devastating effects on many organs and tissues of the body including heart, kidney, mouth, teeth and etc.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of diabetic patients about dental and oral diseases.

In this cross-sectional study, 433 diabetic patients who referred to Kerman diabetes clinics, were included. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisted of three parts of demographic characteristics, knowledge of oral and systemic complications of DM, and patients' attitude regarding their oral health. Data were analyzed using t-test and multiple linear regression test by SPSS version 21. Statistically significant values were considered at p≤ 0.05.

The mean scores for the knowledge of systemic and oral complications were 0.80±0.21 and 0.39±0.23, respectively. The mean total knowledge of diabetic patients was 0.53±0.18, and the mean scores for the patients' attitude was 0.63±0.11. It was revealed that people with a family history of diabetes did not have significantly greater overall knowledge (p= 0.082). Also, people with longer disease duration (p= 0.004) and female patients (p= 0.05) had significantly a better knowledge and attitude in terms of oral health.

The knowledge and attitude of patients regarding their oral and dental health and diseases were at moderate level, which should be promoted by constant planning and education according to the current needs of society.

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are frequent events during childhood, and emergency management of these injuries has positive outcomes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of parents of school-aged children towards dental trauma and to identify the effect of demographic variables such as age, gender and education on their responses.

A total of 300 parents of elementary school children were selected through cluster sampling from July 2012 to January 2013 in Yazd, Iran. A questionnaire, designed to collect the data on parents’ knowledge, demographic characteristics, previous experiences, and emergency management of dental trauma, was distributed among participants. Statistical analysis of data was perfomed by SPSS software version 11 using T-test and ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

296 out of 300 participants returned their questionnaires (mean age 33.8±5). The parents’ knowledge about TDI managemens was inadequate (average score = 7.03). According to T-test and ANOVA statistical tests, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and age (p= 0.155), gender of parents (p= 0.113), gender of children (p= 0.776), occupation (p= 0.112), and the information source (p= 0.160). The relationship between parents’ knowledge and parental educational level was statistically significant (p= 0.010), and LSD test showed that knowledge score of parents with Bachelor’s degree or higher educational levels (7.83±4) was significantly more than other parents (Not educated (6.97±4) , High school diploma (6.70±4)).

Majority of parents had little knowledge about TDI and emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth in children. Therefore, it seems that educational programs are necessary to improve parents’ knowledge.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiopathogenesis. It was believed that T cells played the major role in developing the lesions. It has been recently suggested that B cells and plasma cells may play a role in OLP pathogenesis.

OLP is considered as a T-cell mediated disease. It was believed that the presence of B-cells and plasma cells in the sub-epithelial inflammatory infiltrate, rules out the diagnosis of OLP. This study aims to investigate the presence of B lymphocyte and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of OLP. Also the association between the presence of B cells and plasma cells with histopathologic features of the lesion was assessed.

To assess the presence of B cells and plasma cells, 61 cases with the diagnosis of OLP were collected. The cases with definite clinical and histopathological diagnosis of lichen planus based on WHO criteria were included. For each case demographic information and histological characteristics were recorded. Specimens underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD20 and CD138 and the percentage of the positive cells were counted and scored.

CD20 positive cells existed in all OLP cases with the mean expression of 22.5% ± 15.17% and small number of CD138 positive cells were seen in 62.3% of our cases with the mean expression of 4.74% ± 9.23%. No association was found between histolopathological features and CD138 expression, however, CD20 expression level was higher in the cases with parakeratinized surface (p= 0.004).

B cells existed in the inflammatory infiltrate of OLP in all cases. Small number of plasma cells could be occasionally found in OLP. Therefore, presence of B cells and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate cannot rule out the diagnosis of OLP.

Considering the vastness of our country, there is a need to study the number of roots and morphology of the maxillary premolar canals teeth in the south of the country. The knowledge of root morphology com influence the outcome of root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate of number and morphology of maxillary second premolars in south Iranian population. 

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary premolar canals in Iranian population by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography scans.

This cross-sectional retrospective study consisted of CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography) of 280 patients over 16 years of age. Maxillary premolars’ position, number of roots, and root morphology were inspected. The root canal configurations of maxillary premolar teeth were also analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Chi-square test was performed among canal configurations, tooth position and gender. Significance level was set at P⩽0.05.

In the present study, of 462 maxillary first premolars, 8 (1.73%) teeth had three roots, 222 (48.05%) teeth had two roots, and 232 (50.22%) were single-rooted. In the second maxillary premolar group, of 400 premolars, 2 (0.5%) teeth had three roots, 34 (8.5%) teeth were two-rooted, and 364 (91%) were single-rooted. The most root canal configurations were type IV (71.64%) and type I (63%) in maxillary first and second premolars, respectively. Among females, single rooted premolars were the most prevalent (56.83%), and among males, two-rooted premolars were the most prevalent (57.61%).

This study can provide guidance to the root canals of maxillary premolar teeth for Iranian subpopulation leading to more optimal diagnosis and treatment planning for the endodontists. According to the findings, the complexity of root canal system and the number of roots were less observed in females compared to males.

Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard for bone reconstruction. osteogenic cells must be kept viable in graft for a successful procedure. In extracorporeal preservation of grafts during surgery three different factors may influence the quality of grafts. These factors include temperature, storage medium and time period.

In this study we evaluated the effects of different storage media, temperatures and times on osteoblast count in autogenous bone grafts, preserved extracorporeally.

Samples were obtained from iliac crest region in a goat. The grafts were preserved in 36 groups of different storage time, temperature and medium. Samples were histomorphometrically analysed to determine osteoblast count as the criteria of graft quality.

In almost all samples room temperature was the most and incubator was the least favorable storage temperatures. In grafts preserved in room temperature no difference was noted between normal saline and ringer lactate solution and in almost all of the samples autologous blood and dry environment were more favorable media than ringer lactate solution. The effects of time period of storage highly depended on the combination of temperature and solution.

the results demonstrated that for preserving as many osteoblasts as possible in bone grafts, the best temperature is room temperature and the least favorable temperature is incubator. Also the best medium for graft storage is blood, which shows better results than normal saline and ringer lactate solution when bone fragments are preserved in room temperature.

The oral health reform plan has been added to the Iran's health reform plan since the beginning of 2015. Evaluation of Iran’s oral health reform plan has rarely been conducted.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in DMFT among the six-grade primary school children of the city of Shiraz, two years after implementation of oral health reform plan.

A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on six-grade primary school children of Shiraz in 2015 and 2017. About four hundred children were selected each year by cluster randomization sampling. The schools were randomly selected from three socioeconomically different types of schools: private schools, state schools in affluent areas, and state schools in deprived areas. The DMFT Index of selected children was compared between 2015 and 2017, and among three socioeconomically different areas. One-way ANOVA and Poisson regression tests were used for statistical analysis.

The mean DMFT of children was 1.47±1.83 in 2015 and 1.29±1.79 in 2017. There was significant difference in mean DMFT value between years 2015 and 2017 (p= 0.048). The percentage of children with untreated dental caries was 46% and 36.7% in 2015 and 2017 respectively. There was no statistically difference in DMFT of the three socioeconomically different schools.

There has been significant improvement in DMFT of sixth grade school children of Shiraz two years after implementation of oral health reform plan.

The jaw plasmacytoma is a very rare condition which its diagnosis is difficult in clinical routine. Up to now, less than 60 cases of jaw plasmacytoma have been reported in the literature. In the present case report, we reported a rare case of jaw plasmacytoma in a 42-year-old female which was misdiagnosed with dental granuloma and abscess. The diagnosis of plasmacytoma was done by immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation following a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and is disease free after 2 years.

Naso-maxillary defects may affect patients’ speech, mastication, swallowing, breathing, quality of life, psychology, and social behaviour. A combination of surgical reconstruction and prosthetic rehabilitation is frequently required torestore optimal function and esthetics. Of particular concern is the size, weight and contour of the prosthesis, as it can drastically affect comfort, retention, masticatory function and ease of insertion and removal. This clinical case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a naso-maxillary defect (Aramany’s class VI) with a two-component prosthesisjoined by magnets.