نشریه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 34 (تابستان 1399)

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of self-differentiation and the reality therapy training on the intimacy و adaptation and assertiveness of the married women.

The research method was semi-experimental using a pre-test,post-test and follow up design with a control group.The community of society was all married women whose terms of marriage were under 5 years and their age were between 20 and 40 years in Tabriz city.A sample of 45 married women was selected available method and randomly assigned to two groups of experiments, a group for the treatment of reality therapy and a group for self-differentiation training (each group was 15) and a control group (15 people). To collect the data, the pre-test and post-test stages, Marital intimacy questionnaire (Bagarozzi, 2001), adaptation questionnaire (Spanier,1976) and assertiveness questionnaire (Gambbridge & Richie, 1975), were used. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The result showed that the self-differentiation and the reality therapy training is effective on the intimacy and adaptation and assertiveness of the married women. Also, based on the result, there is no significant difference between the efficacy of self-differentiation and the reality therapy on the intimacy and adaptation and assertive of the married women.

According to the results of the study, it can be stated that for those who have little intimacy, compatibility, and self-expression, use self-differentiation and reality therapy as a treatment.

Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem in every society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life and body image of obese women.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referred to the obesity treatment center of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2019, Among them, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups of 15 people. The research instruments included a world health organization quality of life (WHO, 1989) and a multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (Kash et al., 1997). Subjects in both experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of treatment once a week. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS/24 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy with the control group on quality of life and its dimensions and body image and its dimensions in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). Also, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than body therapy on improving body image and its dimensions, But there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on quality of life and its dimensions (P>0.05).

Based on the results, it can be said that two methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy can be used as effective therapies to improve the quality of life and body image of obese patients in educational and medical settings.

Aging is a sensitive period of human being's life which requires substantial attention toward the related needs and concerns. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of well-being therapy on the quality of life of the elderly with non-clinical depression.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The present study population consisted of the elderly living in Neshat nursing home in Mashhad in 2019. 28 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and after controlling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were randomly assigned to two groups of 14 (experimental and control). Measurement tools were the GDS (Yesavage et al, 1982), AMTS (Hodgkinson, 1972), and the CASP-19 (Hyde et al, 2003). Welfare therapy sessions were also provided to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. In order to test the research hypothesis, descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance were used in SPSS/24 software.

The results showed that both in the post-test and in the follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of total quality of life score (Eta=0.43, P=0.001 & F=14.03), and control component (Eta=0.15, P=0.041 & f=4.67). But in the component of selfrealization, autonomy and i pleasure, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in post-test and follow-up.

The findings of this study can provide a promising perspective on the effectiveness of positive therapies on the quality of life of the elderly living in nursing homes.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of indigenous education package training on the quality of parent-child relationships and parenting self-efficacy of mothers with adolescent boys.

The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and two-month follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was mothers with adolescent boys aged 12 to 18 years in Isfahan in 2019, of which 87 mothers with lower parent-child relationships and parenting self-efficacy through Pianta (1994) parent-child relationship questionnaire, Parental self-efficacy Dumka, Strezinger, Jackson, and Rosa (1996) were screened for self-efficacy. Finally, 40 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 mothers) and the control group (20 mothers). Participants in both groups completed parent-child relationship questionnaires and parental self-efficacy in three stages. The experimental group received a native 90-minute training package (researcher-made) for 8 sessions. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 24.

The results indicate the effect of the Indigenous Educational Counseling package on the score of the parent-child relationship (P = 0.003) with the effect size of 0.21, positive parenting self-efficacy (P = 0.024) with the effect size of 0.12, negative parenting self-efficacy (P = 0.033) with an effect size of 0.11 in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage.

The results of the study suggest evidence that training this program to prevent and improve the relationship of each parent with their adolescent sons reduces negative parenting self-efficacy and improves the parent-child relationship so that we see less conflict between parents and adolescent boys in society; This research can be useful for psychotherapists and counselors in the field of adolescent counseling and choosing the type of intervention to educate parents.

The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and working memory in slow-moving adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease selected in Baku and Tehran.

The present study was a "causal-comparative" post-event research in terms of quantitative method, applied purpose and data collection. The statistical population of this study includes adults with Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disorder and without Alzheimer's disease over 40 years, which is purposefully and accessibly available to 40 adults with Down syndrome in Baku, 20 cases of Alzheimer's disease and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder and 40 adults with Down syndrome in Iran (20 cases of Alzheimer's disorder and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder) were selected as a statistical sample. To collect the necessary information in this study, a personality traits questionnaire and working memory scale were used.

The results showed that the differences between personality traits and working memory of slow-acting adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease in Tehran and Baku were significant, as well as the mean of personality traits, conscientiousness, flexibility, receptivity and Active memory in adults with Down syndrome without Alzheimer's disorder compared to adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder in Baku was higher than in Iran except for neuroticism.

Based on this, it is suggested that behavioral intervention programs based on cognition and mindfulness be designed and used in the field of strengthening personality traits and working memory for parents of children with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder.

General anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorders in clinical centers and general population that mostly is chronic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy on rumination and emotional regulation strategies in patients with generalized aninety disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adult clients with complaints about anxiety referred to one of the specialized centers of psychiatry and psychotherapy in the city of Tehran in 2019. Among them, 24 people were selected by available means and were randomly replaced in two groups. In the experimental group, dialectical behavior therapy training was performed in 10 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour. Research instruments included the Pervasive Anxiety Disorder Scale (Spitzer et al, 2006), the Ruminant Response Scale (Knulman-Hooksma & Murrow, 1991), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (Garnfsky et al, 2002). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 21.

The mean age in the experimental group was 39.54 and the control was 38.76 years. Based on the results of chi-square test, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics (level of education, marital status and gender) (P>0.05). The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy training is effective in reducing rumination and improving emotional regulation strategies in the experimental group (p < 0.05).

According to the results, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists use dialectical behavior therapy along with other therapies to reduce rumination and improve emotion regulation strategies in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Studies show that the prevalence of emotional-behavioral problems in primary school students was high, which can lead to many complications and problems for them and their families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of brain gym education and child –parent relationship therapy on reducing emotional-behavioral problems in primary school male students.

The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all 7-11 year old male students studying in primary school in Gorgan. Using the available method, 30 students who scored high on the Rutter Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (Form A) were selected and assigned to three equal groups of 10 people. For the brain gym group, 8 1-hour sessions were performed once a week, and for the pediatric therapy group, 10 1.5 hour sessions were performed once a week, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and one-way covariance with repeated measures with SPSS version 22.

The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of aggression, depression, anxiety and maladaptation in the subjects of the three groups (p < 0.05). Also, the results showed that in the two-month follow-up phase, this effect was stable and the effect of brain gym on reducing the dimensions of emotional-behavioral problems was more effective than child therapy based on the parent-child relationship (p < 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that parents' brain gym training program and child therapy are effective strategies to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems. Based on the results of this study, counselors and child psychologists are suggested to try to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems by using these educational programs.