نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1399)

Shah Abbas I Safavid in the year 1012 AH / 1603 AD succeeded in retaking the occupied territories of the northwest from the Ottomans.  The Ottoman government in response to these military movements, in 1013 AH / 1604 AD sent it's troops to the borders of Iran under the command of Yusuf Sinan Pasha Chaghalughli.  To counter this invasion, Shah Abbas ordered the implementation of the scorched earth tactic on Iranian soil along the route of this campaign.  By using library resources and descriptive-analytical method this study seeks to answer the question that how did the implementation of Shah Abbas's scorched earth policy towards the Ottoman army affect the security- policing  situation of Safavid Iran?  The findings of the study show that by implementing this policy, Shah Abbas compensated for the lack of military forces against the Ottoman forces and defeated the troops of Chaghal Oghli.  While providing security and order on the country's northwestern borders, Shah Abbas  took advantage of the immigrants' economic potential for the capital's commercial development and the facilitation of relations with Christian European states

Due to the authoritarian structure of the political system and the unjust and harsh method of punishing individuals, confinement in tombs and religious buildings during the Qajar period was a common tradition resorted to by ordinary people to government elders, rebels and angry princes.  With the rapid  spread of the tradition of confinement to other centers and facilities, some of which depended on foreign powers, as well as the confinement of some socio-political events in the country, confinement enjoyed the dual nature of providing security for people to the anti-social security aspect of lawlessness and injustice.  In this article ,  factors affecting the development of the phenomenon of confinement and the role of religious places and facilities in providing security during Qajariyeh period have been studied using a descriptive _analytical method. The findings of the study indicate that with the confinement tradition religious buildings and institutions played a security role in protecting the lives of the oppressed against the oppression of the Qajar government;  But it also led to the abuse of some offenders and criminals, which can be interpreted as anti-security.

Law and order has played a key role for Iranians throughout history, and one of the most important duties of the rulers of this land has been to maintain law and order.  The Achaemenid Empire was the first and largest kingdom in the world, which was considered an ideal model for many governments.  This study tries to clarify what the Achaemenids understood from the concept of order, law and disorder, and considering Darius's victory in managing crises and establishing lasting order, how they made the law and order inclusive and stable .  At the beginning, a summary of Darius's account on the suppression of revolts, is given in Bistoon's inscription then by examining and explaining the concepts of order, security, lies, truth, disobedience and law, it becomes clear that these concepts were among the most important socio-political categories of the time.  The Achaemenids have been successful and capable to manage the most extensive government in history and to establish the necessary law and order  at both theoretical and executive levels and mechanisms of law and order.

From the very beginning, the Sassanids sought to dominate the former territories under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire, including Armenia, in accordance with the nationalist strategy as well as the idea of ​​"reviving the former borders."  This land that was until then under Roman rule became the main focus of the Iran-Rome wars in this era.  It can be said that it is somewhat impossible to study the relations between the two great ancient powers without considering Armenia.  The main issue of the present study is whether the Sassanid nationalist approach has had an effect on the lack or increase of divergent tendencies in Armenia.  Relying on historical research method and citing first-hand sources and research, this study seeks to investigate the effect of nationalist tendencies on divergent tendencies in Armenia with the aim of depicting the consequences of the idealistic approach of Sassanid's domestic and foreign policy in one of the Sassanid states.  The results of this study will show that although the first Sassanid kings were able to keep the state of Armenia under their domination with their stubborn nationalist approaches in the third century AD and even made them crown princes;  But at the end of this century, the Romans, taking advantage of the weakness of the Persian kings, first ruled over parts of this land and then over the whole land.

Recently, a valuable document of the Kermanshah police during the reign of Reza Khan related to the years 1310 to 1315 was found, which is the identity card of the prosecuted people at that time.  Among the various individuals mentioned in this document are the names and images of a number of fighters opposed to Rezakhani's tyranny, most of whom were killed on his orders and by palace prison agents.  This article uses a descriptive-analytical method and refers to library sources to introduce,battles and finally the bitter fate of some of these people. In addition to the formal and content introduction of this document,this paper seeks to introduce the battles of some of these fighters.  The results of the research indicate the role of the revolutionary people of that time in various fields: some of these fighters, such as Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Behlool, dressed as clerics and defended the sanctity of Islamic values ​​such as  hijab.  Some of them were tribal elders like Naser Khan Qashqaei and Yousef Khan Amir Mojahed who had a long history of fighting against tyrannical governments such as Reza Khan. Some of them were writers and thinkers, such as Farrokhi Yazdi and Yahya Dolatabadi.  Among them, somebody like Sheikh Khazal Kaabi thought of his personal interests more than anything else and did not have intellectual stability in the fight against Reza Khan.

Defense-security structures in the history of architecture of the Islamic Iranian cities are powerful and magnificent elements that showed themselves when entering the cities.  What physical position and what role did these structures have in the cities of Khorasan and Transoxiana until the Middle Ages?  This question forms the center of the present historical research which is conducted by descriptive-analytical method and library collection.  Findings show that the location of the physical system of defense fortifications is derived from the general structure of the cities of this period that each city had three layers (Rabz, Sharestan and Arg) with different functions and separated from the center to the periphery and from the suburbs to the center. Defensive fortifications were the outermost physical structures of all three layers, including walls, towers, gates, and ditch s.  The wall was the basis for the construction and determination of the physical shape of the other elements (tower, gate and ditch ).  Due to its large population, extensive area  and supply of economy,and its location which as the most external region encompassed Sharestan and Arg, the area of Rabz as the most important security sector had a deep ditch , in addition to a wide and long wall around the wall or communication part (gates). The invaders first had to cross the defensive fortifications of Rabz and also cross the fortifications of Sharestan to enter into this area, to finally capture the administrative and command section of the city, which was the smallest part of the city.