فهرست مطالب

Air Pollution and Health - Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

Journal of Air Pollution and Health
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/07/08
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Kazhal Masroor, Farzad Fanaei, Somayeh Yousefi, Mohammad Raeesi, Hossein Abbaslou, Abbas Shahsavani*, Mostafa Hadei Pages 89-96
    Introduction

    Estimating air pollution levels in areas with no measurements is a major concern in health-related studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the amount of exposure to particulate matter below 2.5 μ (PM2.5) in the metropolis of Tehran.

    Materials and methods

    The hourly concentrations of PM2.5 during 2017-2018 period were acquired from the Department of Environment (DOE) and Air Quality Control Company of Tehran (AQCC). The hourly concentrations were validated and 24-h concentrations were calculated. Inverse distance weighting (IDW), Universal Kriging, and Ordinary Kriging were used to spatially model the PM2.5 over Tehran metropolis area. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Error (ME) were used to measure and control for the accuracy of the methods.

    Results

    The results of this study showed that RMSE and MENA values in Kriging method was less than the IDW, which indicates that the Kriging was the best method to estimate PM2.5 concentrations. According to the final map, the highest annual concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in the southern and southwestern areas of Tehran (districts 10, 15, 16, 17, and 18). The lowest exposure to PM2.5 was found to be in districts 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8.

    Conclusion

    It can be concluded that Kriging method can predict spatial variations of PM2.5 more accurately than IDW method.

    Keywords: Exposure, Interpolation, Particulatematter, Ambient air pollution, Geographic information system (GIS)
  • Farzad Fanaei*, Majid Kermani, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mitra Gholami Mitra Gholami, Mahdi Farzadkia, Hossein Arfaeinia, Abbas Shahsavani, Abbas Norouzian, Mohsen Dowlati Pages 97-106
    Introduction

    Isfahan is one of the most important industrial cities in central Iran that air pollution has been the biggest challenge of this city in recent years.  So, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological parameter on particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) in ambient air of Isfahan metropolitan, from March 2019 to March 2020.

    Material and Methods

    In this cross‑sectional descriptive study, 19 sampling points in Isfahan city were chosen using GIS software. Sampling of PM2.5 was carried out for 24 hour using the sampling pilot during the four seasons in the air of Isfahan city. Sampling of PM2.5 was performed using PTFE filters (37mm, 1µ) peripheral pump and Personal Modular Impactor (Based on NIOSH Guideline). The concentration of particles collected on the filter was calculated by gravimetric method. Meteorological parameters including temperature, humidity, pressure, Precipitation, UV and Wind speed were recorded during sampling through portable devices. Finally, for the processing of PM2.5, relationship between PM2.5 concentration and meteorological parameters was assessed by SPSS24 and EXCEL software, and to draw the graphs, Excel and R software were used, respectively. ArcGIS 10.3 was used for the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation technique was applied to generate maps for annual averages.

    Results

    Seasonal variation trends of PM2.5 particles showed that maximum and minimum annual mean concentrations has happened in Winter and Summer season with the value of 64.06 and 31.32 µg/m3, respectively. Also the citizens of Isfahan are exposed to PM2.5 pollutants 4-5 times more than the EPA-recommended standard (10 µg/m3). The findings of this study also show that there is a positive correlation between PM2.5 particle concentration and temperature, relative humidity and pressure (p<0.05). Moreover, a weak and negative correlation was found between ultraviolet radiation, Precipitation, and Wind speed with PM2.5 particle concentration (p>0.05).

    Conclusions

    The highest concentrations of particles were observed in winter season. Also, the particle concentration scatter map shows that the central and north and northeast regions of Isfahan are more polluted than other areas. Therefore, to protect the health of citizens of Isfahan, appropriate policies and strategies should be adopted to reduce the concentration of particulate matter and other pollutants in the ambient air of this city`.

    Keywords: Air pollution, Isfahan city, Meteorological parameters, PM2.5
  • Mina Mahmoodi Meimand, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Alireza Nasiri, Mohammad Malakootian* Pages 107-120
    Introduction

    The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the adsorption of sulfur dioxide by modified zeolite with hydrochloric acid. In this investigation was used modified zeolite with HCl with and without iron oxide nanoparticles (Iron Oxide Nanoparticles@Clinoptilolite/HCl) as adsorbent.

    Materials and methods

    Structural characteristics, chemical composition and specific surface area of adsorbent were determined using the FTIR, FESEM, EDX, Mapping, XRD, XRF and BET techniques. Glass cylinder filled with zeolite seeds and SO2 cylinder balanced with N2 gas was used for experiments. It was evaluated factors affecting SO2 uptake process including temperature and contact time, also thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption. Sulfur dioxide adsorption of real sample was taken with both adsorbents.

    Results

    Adsorption efficiency of SO2 in the synthetic and actual sample were %82.8±5.5 and %67.2±7.21 respectively, by modified zeolite with HCl and iron oxide nanoparticles in the optimum conditions of temperature of 25 °C and duration 28.5 min. As well as, removal percentage average was obtained in the synthetic and actual sample %46.1±4.34 and %35.8±5.85 respectively, by modified zeolite with HCl without nanoparticles in optimum condition of temperature of 25 °C and contact time of 20.5 min.The results showed that SO2 adsorption is an exothermic and spontaneous process and adsorption kinetics of sulfur dioxide by both adsorbent is more consistent Pseudo-second order kinetics model.

    Conclusion

    The use of iron oxide nanoparticles on the zeolite can increase SO2 removal efficiency from the gas phase.

    Keywords: Adsorption, Iron oxide, Nanoparticles, Sulfur dioxide, Zeolite
  • Saeed Shojaee Barjoee *, Hadi Farokhi, Saeed Zarei Mahmoud Abadi, Saeede Sedghi Pages 121-134
    Introduction

    Dust created by mining activities is one of the most important concerns regarding human health and the environment protection. This is due to the fact that dust particles have a high potential to carry heavy metals or they can produce a dangerous contaminant when combined with a special mineralogy or morphology. The aim of this study was to identify the mineralogical and morphological characteristics of dust particles found around the lead and zinc mine of Mehdiabad.

    Materials and methods

    First of all, dust samples were collected around the mine by installing 8 passive marble dust collectors using a combined systematic random method during February, March and April in 2020. Then, using two methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mineralogy, shape and distribution of the particles of dust samples were investigated.

    Results

    The highest frequency of particles with sizes less than 10, 10-60, and 60-100 microns were determined and observed in S1 station in the northwest, and S5 and S2 stations in the southwest of the mine, respectively. The results of SEM analysis revealed that the appearance of dust particles is mostly spherical, irregular, elongated, prismatic, and rhombic. The results of XRD analysis showed that the minerals anorthite (Ca (Al2Si2O8)), dolomite (Ca Mg (CO3)2), albite (NaAlSi3O8), calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2) and muscovite (KAl2 (Si3AlO10)) (OH2) have the highest frequency in dust samples.

    Conclusion

    The findings show that the predominant mineralogical composition of dust particles includes carbonates (dominant mineral: calcite) and silicates (dominant mineral: quartz) which are found in all stations. Thus, dust particles, with high frequency of quartz, have a high potential to result in respiratory diseases in the inhabitants living around the mine.

    Keywords: Morphological, mineralogycharacteristics, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Quartz, calcite, Mehdiabad lead, zinc mine
  • Mrinal Saha, Syed Jamal Ahmed, Mohammed Abu Hanif Sheikh, M.G Mostafa* Pages 135-146
    Introduction

    Industrial safety and a healthy environment reduce the illnesses, injuries, and accidental incidents of the workers as well as property damages. The study aimed to identify the health risk issues and assess their impacts on labors around the brick kiln areas in Bangladesh.

    Materials and methods

    The study conducted a survey based on a structured questionnaire to collect health-related compliance from the brick kiln workers. It also selected 12 brick kiln clusters in Rajshahi and Gazipur districts, and several samplings were made. The analyzed data were compared with the prescribed national and international standards.

    Results

    The survey results showed that the respondents were suffering from different diseases like respiratory and skin diseases, eye irritation, fatigue, hearing problem, headache, etc., due to the occupational hazard in the kiln areas. The study results illustrated that the particulate matter pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, and SPM were found higher than the permissible standard that caused asthmatic disease. Most of the physicochemical parameters for surface water analysis exceeded the permissible standard indicating water pollution occurred around the kiln areas. The sound level was found higher than the acceptable level of Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE) standard 75 dB.

    Conclusion

    The study observed that brick kiln emitted gases caused huge pollution in the areas threatened the human health and the crusher machine created the high intensity of noise resulted in significant adverse health impacts of the brick kiln labor. However, most of the labors were not well aware of occupational safety and hazards, and health-related compliances in the kiln areas.

    Keywords: Air, Brick kiln, Labor health, Noise
  • Mohammad Velayatzadeh* Pages 147-152

    Clean and healthy air is the joy of human life that needs it more than food and water. Today's modern industry produces a lot of gases and particles that pollute the open air. Air pollution, as one of the concerns of the present age, in addition to environmental degradation and economic damage, poses serious risks to human health. Continuous monitoring of air quality to identify pollutants and identify sources of their emissions is also one of the basic strategies for controlling air pollution. Adverse air quality causes a lot of damage to humans and the environment and various health effects. Air pollution is a major environmental threat to human health in many developed or developing cities around the world. The level of air pollution is usually determined by the concentration of air pollutants such as dioxide hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and suspended particles. In recent years, air quality has been a major factor in the emergence of quality of life in urban areas, especially in densely populated and industrial areas. Air pollution with a wide range of suspended particles has effects on human health, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as mortality. In this article, the effects of air pollution on the environment and sources and the source of pollution in Ahvaz city are introduced.

    Keywords: Air pollution, Dust, Environment, Ahvaz, Iran