پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، تابستان 1399)

It has been more than three decades since the Lebanese Hezbollah began operating as an Islamic movement in southern Lebanon. During these three decades, this movement has been able to establish itself well in the Lebanese political climate. This success has been achieved at a time when there has been much opposition to its activities from the very beginning by some countries in the region and supra-regional powers. Examining the current position of Hezbollah in Lebanon and our region raises two fundamental questions: First, what is the secret of the survival and success of Hezbollah in Lebanon despite these oppositions? And second, how did the Islamic Revolution of Iran inspire Hezbollah in Lebanon? The main hypothesis of this study to answer the above questions emphasizes the components of Hezbollah's soft power and its patterning from Iran. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to conduct the present research. Findings show that reliance on divine blessings, Velayat-e-Faqih, the presence of Shiite clergy in the core of the Islamic Resistance, the spread of Shiite symbolism (culture of resistance, jihad and martyrdom practices), patience and perseverance and courage are the most important components of the Hezbollah party's soft power. Who has been patterned based on the Iranian revolution.

Faith in God and firm belief in the truth, which we call spirituality, has been the main factor in strengthening the jihadist spirit and the victory of the prophets and saints throughout human history. And the stability and strengthening of the jihadist spirit in the path of truth will be the main approach to success in hard work; an approach whose validity and reliability have been proven in great trials throughout the history of the constant confrontation between right and wrong. In the shadow of strengthening spirituality, man will be able to conquer lofty and difficult peaks of happiness and ultimate perfection. Certainly, the holy role of spiritually of the prophets and saint’s jihads with the groups of infidels and pagans and and hypocrites is not hidden Especially in the battles and palaces under the command of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH), the miraculous victory of the Islamic Revolution and the perseverance of the Muslim nation of Iran in the eight years of holy defense is not hidden. and these successes have been achieved only by increasing the spirituality and strengthening the jihadist spirit in the nation. Therefore, there is a direct connection between spirituality and the spirit of jihad, and as faith and spirituality increase, such a spirit will become stronger to the extent that it will affect all material motives. Therefore, the spirituality and spirit of jihad acts like the two steps of progress and evolutionary movement of the Islamic society.

This article has been compiled with the aim of explaining the logical reasons for the need to communicate the second step statement in the field of science and research. The concepts implicit in the statement of the second step proposed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution can be divided into two layers, the fundamental layer with the focus on monotheism and the strategic layer with the focus on civilization. The supreme leader has stated the realization of Islamic goals in five stages, which include: Islamic Revolution, Islamic system, Islamic state, Islamic country and Islamic civilization. The path to the realization of Islamic ideals that pave the way for the emergence of the Imam of the Age is the creation of Islamic civilization, which has been reflected in the words of the Supreme Leader and in the will of the late Imam Khomeini. The second step statement includes a set of priorities, progress, challenges and strategic goals of the Islamic Revolution that have been raised by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution.so In this article, we try to pay attention to one of the main axes of the statement, which emphasizes on knowing the past and learning from experiences, and discusses the field of science and research and the reasons for the progress of Muslims during the flourishing of Islam and the lessons of Muslims today.

The present study was conducted to investigate and identify the founders of the Ikhwan al moslemin in Egypt and Syria and the fundamental ideas on which this organization was formed in these two countries. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, first the history of the Ikhwan al moslemin based on the founders and the historical course was studied and then in a brief summary of the history of Ikhwan from the beginning to the present was examined. The differences between the performance of the Ikhwan al moslemin in Egypt, which had a social and educational approach, and the Ikhwan al moslemin in Syria, which in a short period of time turned to confrontation and violent movements, were also examined. Then, the fundamental idea of the Ikhwan al moslemin in Egypt as its main center and the founding thinkers of the collective thought of this organization in various epistemological to political existence were studied. In the meantime, the two main figures, Hassan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb, were examined. Then, the fundamental ideas of the Ikhwan al moslemin in Syria were examined and the reason for the different behavior between these important branches of this organization was explored. Finally, according to the available data, a conclusion was made as to why the performance of this organizational branch differs in these two countries.

The concept of "entrepreneurship", which is one of the emphases of the Supreme Leader (Modzaleh Al-Aali) as a worshiper and an influential element in the process of achieving a resilient economy, has spread in the process of transformation from the economic to the social, cultural, political and security spheres. The emergence of "basic technology entrepreneurship" with the name of start-up businesses (startups), is one of the topics that for various reasons, including opportunities and hidden harms in it, has turned the attention of elite circles and responsible agencies in the economic, political and security fields of the country to itself. This research is of applied type and its method is contextual-case that the data is analyzed based on explanatory method. It is intended to examine the disadvantages and opportunities of the "startup" phenomenon and to present some policy strategies in order to optimally manage this phenomenon. According to the results of the research; The issue of start-ups in the policy cycle is still in the problem stage and in some layers is incompletely on the policy agenda. Also, there is a deep attitudinal gap between the country's governing bodies, from completely opportunity-oriented to completely threat-oriented. The results of this study can moderate this gap and the attitudes of decision-making bodies towards this phenomenon, which in the process of becoming Make the issue more realistic for the country.

The role of media in political participation and how to use media techniques in managing public opinion and comparing the political participation of people in Iran and Western societies are the main objectives of the research. The practical objectives of this study are to investigate the impact of public opinion management techniques and its direction towards political participation and the extent to which the media in increasing the political awareness of the audience, how to localize programs and methods of using provincial concepts (native identity sources) in Programs and feedback have been successful for the audience. In this article, by adapting the conditions of Western societies and Iranian society, we examine the elements of participation and the effective factors in creating political participation and types of participation. This study seeks the influence of the media as one of the important tools of political development and the extent to which the media in the general sense, and especially radio and television as an all-encompassing medium, play an effective role in the political growth and awareness of the people.