نشریه پژوهش نامه حقوق بشری
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1399)

The main issue of the present paper is to explain and analyse the European Union’s political strategy and guidelines on the face of the joint foreign policy and security policy based on Maastricht Treaty. Since the European Union has had strategic and strategic relations with the Gulf region since then, the European Union’s relations with different countries in the Gulf region especially in recent years have revealed this contradiction of their double standards, which has been chosen for research and the following article. It is also to be mentioned that the European Union considers a special place to respect human rights in its function and structure, and seems to have clear efforts to protect human rights (according to their definitions)in the regulation of different institutions of the Union. For instance, it stipulated that the European countries join them and make them benefit from union facilities, even in all its treaties with other countries on respect of these rights. accordingly, because human rights and the continuation of nuclear power as two main principles in the foreign policy and security of the european union, especially in relations with the countries of the persian gulf, are always stressed and important and sensitive in political relations, the article has been emphasized in the article. It seems that the European Union, by abusing human rights and nuclear energy, and adopting dual policies, seeks to implement its interests and goals in the common foreign and security policy in the world.

The rights of prisoners are one of the legal issues in the Iranian constitution and the judiciary, which are subject to domestic regulations in the country. Prisoners as citizens of the Islamic community, although they are serving prison sentences, it is important in terms of the actions that guarantee their rights. Therefore, respect for the rights of prisoners in Iran requires adherence to the Iranian constitution and international law. The judiciary is responsible and an institution that handles and supervises the affairs of prisoners in Iran, and its observance of behavioral standards in the face of prisoners’ rights is important by national and transnational institutions. The judiciary has made significant and positive changes regarding the observance of civil rights during the time of Ayatollah Ra’isi. For example, issuance of a circular to prevent Corona virus in prisons and refusing to introduce convicts to prison until the end of April 2020, issuance of a circular on granting leave to prisoners following the outbreak of corona in order to maintain the health of prisoners during the process of enduring imprisonment, paying attention to the situation of prisoners in prisons in terms of gender, age category (women, youth, adolescents and the elderly) are measures taken to indicate a change in the country’s judicial system. They complies with national laws and international documents. This article seeks to review international documents relating to imprisonment and examine the actions of the judiciary in standardization and developments in the face of imprisonment in accordance with international law.

Terrorism is defined as the use of violence and intimidation in order to achieve economic, political benefits. Different regions of the world due to special geographical, political and economic conditions has created the capacity for political competition and the emergence of terrorist groups. In Asia, due to the specific geopolitics, there has been a lot of competition from official trans-regional and regional actors. Of course, this competition and the existing challenges has paved the way for the emergence of informal groups such as terrorist groups. The continent’s biggest challenge is the different strategies and the support of regional and supra-regional governments from the terrorist groups that have created the ground for the continuation of the crisis. Among the regional actors, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, despite claims to fight terrorism and because of the different definition and preference of interests , are the main supporters of unofficial terrorist groups. In this article, the author examines the strategy of the two Islamic countries of Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the issue of terrorism with the concept and context of the emergence of terrorism.

The enjoyment of civil rights by human beings is one of the important issues of legal and philosophical systems in the worldview of Islam and the West, and there is a fundamental difference between the teachings of these two discourses. Therefore, in every school and every point of view on the subject of citizenship rights, a separate definition is proposed and its laws and regulations differ according to the definition and origin of rights. Respect for civil rights in a crisis situation is considered as one of the most important duties of the rulers, which is interpreted in indicators such as accountability and responsiveness of officials, fair services to all citizens, creating a platform for conscious public participation. These days, it covers all countries of the world, and in each government, based on the worldview and specific intellectual foundations of that political system, and according to the characteristics of that society, it responds differently to this crisis. The Corona crisis is a good criterion for revealing the difference between view of the human and civil rights in Islamic and Western liberal discourse. This article tries to evaluate dealing with Corona in Western civilization (the United States) and Islam civilization Islamic civilization (Islamic Republic of Iran).