فهرست مطالب

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:18 Issue: 44, Jun 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/08/06
  • تعداد عناوین: 14
|
  • Seyyed MohammadHossein Javadi, Akram Ahmadzadeh*, Fatemeh Maleki Pages 113-116

    Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that have endangered the lives of many people with several outbreaks throughout history. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently caused a pandemic [1]. It began in China from December 2019, and by now it has affected 201 countries, more than 37,423,660 people worldwide, and claimed the lives of more than 1,074,817 people [2].

    Keywords: COVID-19, Children with Autism, Crisis
  • Maryam Yaribakht, Guita Movallali* Pages 117-124
    Objectives

    Achieving optimal outcomes in deaf children’s communication skills depends on the availability of early specialized high-quality intervention services. Early intervention services through teletechnology could respond to this need. The development of teletechnology has led to the creation of new formats for family-centered services. Such measures could address the hearing, speech, and language needs of young deaf children. This study aimed to investigate the effects of teleintervention for providing early interventions to the families of newborns and deaf children.

    Methods

    This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test and a control group design. In total, 30 deaf children aged 0-2 years, and their parents were selected by purposive sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the teleintervention program through the internet in 36 individual and group sessions (24 group sessions & 12 individual sessions). The control group received the same intervention program directly at the rehabilitation centers for deaf children. To investigate the hearing and pre-verbal skills, the Preverbal Communication Skills Scale and the Listening Skills Scale were used. The obtained data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

    Results

    The provided teleintervention program was effective in increasing the scores of hearing and pre-verbal skills in the studied samples. The intensity of the effect on hearing and pre-verbal skills were 0.57 and 0.28, respectively.

    Discussion

    The present study demonstrated the effect of teleintervention program on hearing and pre-verbal skills in the explored subjects. It also indicated that the provided teleintervention was more effective than direct intervention. Therefore, implementing this program is recommended for therapists, the parents of deaf children, and rehabilitation centers for this population.

    Keywords: Teleintervention, Early intervention, Preverbal skills, Deaf children
  • Niloofar Souri, Afsun Nodehi Moghadam*, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahbolaghi Pages 125-136
    Objectives

    Considering the significant role of physiotherapists in the process of rehabilitation, their ethical commitment is essential to successful interaction and care provision. However, investigations on the medical professional ethics ​​in Iran are limited. Generally, research in this regard is rare in Asia. Thus, such studies could improve the moral knowledge of the Iranian physiotherapy community. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore professional ethics issues in physiotherapy to provide a platform concerning the challenges of professional ethics in physiotherapy in Iran.

    Methods

    This qualitative study was conducted in 2016-2017 using the content analysis method. The study samples were recruited through purposive sampling approach until data saturation (12 physiotherapists). The required data were gathered by an in-depth semi-structured interview. All of the interviews were transcribed and analyzed, inductively.

    Results

    Physiotherapists in Ahvaz and Tehran cities, Iran experienced challenges in 6 different categories during daily practice. These aspects included the following: therapists’ self-interest-craving, observing patients’ rights, maintaining professional competence, the effect of workplace on ethical conduct, personal ethical outlook, and insufficient professional ethics education. This study implicated the existence of a trend of kick-backs in the physiotherapy community; a problematic trend in the medical community, i.e. addressed by physicians in several articles. Additionally, the lack of receiving ethical education leads to ethical judgments based on personal values rather than ethical codes. According to the current research findings, it To increase the visibility of the article as well as to increase the citation of your article, we suggest that Latin keywords be based on the MeSH list. See: https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search was problematic for practitioners. 

    Discussion

    Three subcategories of the incompetence of the healthcare system, the lack of supervision on ethical principles, and the impact of poor insurance system on patient admission are related to the endemic conditions of the health system of the country. These issues require serious interventions from executive powers.

    Keywords: Ethics, Professional physical therapy, Medical ethics, Qualitative research, Bioethical issues
  • Elnaz Mousavi*, Sedighe Hosseini, Maryam Bakhtiyari, Imaneh Abasi, Abolfazl Mohammadi, Abbas Masjedi Arani Pages 137-144
    Objectives

    The present study aimed to examine the effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) group therapy on anxiety, depression, stress, and the Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) in infertile women receiving In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

    Methods

    This was a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test and 3-month follow-up design. The study sample included 30 women with infertility who referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran City, Iran in 2018. We enrolled 30 individuals in the present study. The study samples were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=15/group). All study participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) before and after providing the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.

    Results

    The current research results revealed a significant difference between the MBSR and control groups in IU, stress, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, there were significant differences in all dependent variables between pre-test and post-test scores except for IU in the experimental group.

    Discussion

    The provided MBSR group therapy could reduce the rate of depression, anxiety, and stress in infertile women receiving IVF; however, it presented no significant effect on IU. In other words, IU may be a complex phenomenon, i.e. amenable to treatment and further studies are required to examine its reasons.

    Keywords: Mindfulness-based stress reduction, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Intolerance of uncertainty, In vitro Fertilization (IVF)
  • Sanaz Arzhangi, Meimanat Hosseini*, Samaneh Hosseinzadeh, Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi Pages 145-154
    Objectives

    The present research aimed to determine the effect of time-use training on the quality of time management in the mothers of girls with Intellectual Disability (ID) attending special schools. 

    Methods

    This was a quasi-experimental study with a control group design. In total, 80 mothers (40 mothers in the intervention group & 40 mothers in the control group) of children with ID (age range: 6-13 years) were studied. The study participants were selected by cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire and the Mothers’ Time Use Questionnaire (MTUQ). A time management training program was provided in a one-day workshop for the intervention group. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Independent Samples t-test, Paired Samples t-test, and Chi-squared test.

    Results

    After the intervention period, the quality of time management of the mothers in the intervention group significantly increased, compared to the controls (P<0.05).

    Discussion

    The current research findings suggested that time-use training improved the quality of time management in the studied subjects. Therefore, educational interventions related to time management are recommended for the parents of children with ID. Besides, paying attention to this vulnerable group should be among nurses’ responsibilities.

    Keywords: Intellectual Disability (ID), Education, Time management, Children with disability
  • Anahita Hasannejad, Hasan Namvar*, Kamran Ezzati, Fatemeh Ghiasi, Mohammad Hosseinifar, Asghar Akbari Pages 155-162
    Objectives

    The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship of supra patella effusion with pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis by Ultrasonography (US).

    Methods

    In a cross-sectional study, 60 patients with knee OA (Mean±SD score of body mass index: 29.81±5.64 kg/m2 and age: 50.48±7.57 years) were selected by nonprobability sampling method. Supra patella effusion was evaluated using an US. All study subjects completed the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain and disability outcomes, respectively. To evaluate the relationship between effusion, disability, and pain, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed. 

    Results

    There was a poor but significant relationship between the area of effusion (r=0.27, P=0.03), the thickness of effusion (r=0.32, P=0.01), with pain. No correlation was found between the trace of effusion (r=-0.08, P=0.5) and pain. The area of effusion (r=0.1, P=0.17), the thickness of effusion (r=0.08, P=0.51), and the trace of effusion (r=0.0, P=0.9) were not correlated with disability. 

    Discussion

    The effusion of supra patella was slightly correlated with pain. In contrast, the effusion of supra patella demonstrated no correlation with disability.

    Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Knee, Ultrasonography, Effusion, Pain, Disability
  • Saeed Yarahmadi, Fatemeh Zarei*, Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Sookyung Jeong Pages 163-170
    Objectives

    The internet is known as an essential part of individuals’ daily life. The present descriptive research aimed to determine the prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) and its related factors in Iran.

    Methods

    In total, 1046 internet users were recruited by a convenience sampling approach. The required data were collected by an online questionnaire, including a sociodemographic data scale and the Persian version of the Internet Addiction test. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. 

    Results

    The current study findings indicated that the prevalence rate of IA was equal to 57.6%.The highest prevalence rate belonged to the research participants aged ≤35 years (67.5%), followed by females (61.5%), married subjects (66.7%), the holders of MSc and PhD. degrees (65.8%), and those employed in public sectors (68.5%). The highest prevalence of IA was detected among the study participants who spent one hour daily on the internet (94.7%); however, the lowest prevalence of the IA was observed among those who spent >10 hours daily on the internet (16.4%). Moreover, there was no dramatic difference between the internet access source and the IA among the research participants (P˃0.05). There was a significant relationship between all determined variables and the level of IA (P˂0.05). 

    Discussion

    The prevalence of IA was increasing in the studied population. Health educators are recommended to emphasize improving society’s awareness of IA. They are also suggested to develop educational preventive measures on increasing media health literacy approaches.

    Keywords: Addiction, Internet addiction, Prevalence
  • Hojjatollah Siavoshi*, Hamid Agha Alinejad, Ali Kashi, MohammadAli Samavati Sharif, Masoumeh Helalizadeh Pages 171-180
    Objectives

    The physical component of tasks can be a problem because of muscle weakness; therefore, this research was performed to investigate the relationships between some physical fitness factors and muscle damage enzyme levels in people with mild Intellectual Disabilities (ID).

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 314 students with ID (Body Mass Index [BMI]: 23.42±4.84 kg/m2), after measuring their anthropometric variables (height, weight, and BMI), performed the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF). This test includes flexibility (sit and reach test), muscle endurance (Push-ups and Sit-ups tests), muscle strength (Hand-grip test), and cardiorespiratory endurance (Canada Home Fitness test). Then saliva samples were collected from 20 subjects who were homogeneous for age (Mean±SD: 20.30±2.27 years), sex (male only), and type of ID, for measuring their saliva levels of Creatine Phosphate Kinase (CPK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive Protein (CRP). Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear and nonlinear regressions (P<0.05). 

    Results

    The findings indicated significant relationships between some of the physical fitness factors and some enzymes of muscle damage (P<0.05). The results indicated significant relationships between CPK, with push-ups, sit-ups, and hand-grip strength, as well as between the LDH with push-ups and CRP with sit-ups and hand-grip strength (P<0.05).

    Discussion

    According to the results of the present research, CPK, LDH, and CRP saliva levels in males with an ID have a significant relationship with some of the physical fitness components. Also, the results of the present research have provided equations for estimating CPK, LDH, and CRP saliva levels through CSTF battery test scores in people who have an educable ID.

    Keywords: Canadian test, Strength, Endurance, Flexibility, Cardiorespiratory, VO2max
  • Ali Golchini*, Nader Rahnama Pages 181-192
    Objectives

    Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the common physical deformities, that causes distortions in the skeletal structures of the feet. The current study aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of systematic and functional corrective exercises on the body posture of students with pronation distortion syndrome. 

    Methods

    In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteers suffering from pronation distortion syndrome were selected. Then, they were randomly divided into two 15-member groups, i.e. the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group practiced systematic and functional corrective exercises for 12 weeks (three sessions a week, each lasting an hour), while the control group did not receive any exercises. Before and after the exercises, the students were evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) screening test as well as body posture tests, including flat feet, pronation angle of ankle joint, knock-knee (bow-leggedness or genu valgum), and lumbar lordosis (swayback). The obtained data were analyzed using the dependent and independent t-tests (P<0.05). 

    Results

    After 12 weeks of systematic and functional corrective exercises, the experimental group showed significant improvement in FMS and body posture (P=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the control group (P<0.05). In general, the body posture of the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (P=0.001). 

    Discussion

    Based on the findings of the current study, systematic and functional corrective exercises improve the body posture of students suffering from pronation distortion syndrome. Therefore, these exercises are recommended for such students.

    Keywords: Pronation, Exercises, Posture, Function
  • Mozhdeh Daryabeigi, Masoume Pourmohamdreza Tajrishi*, Behrooz Dolatshahi, Enayatollah Bakhshi Pages 193-202
    Objectives

    The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on internalizing problems of children with externalizing disorders

    Methods

    It was an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test control group design. Among the students of elementary schools of Tehran City, Iran, 90 boys were selected based on the motherschr('39') report and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) by convenience sampling method. Fifty students whose scores equaled 63 or higher in the externalizing scale were diagnosed as individuals with externalizing disorders. Afterward, 32 individuals who acquired T-score ≥ 60 were assigned randomly in the experimental and control groups (each with 16 students). The experimental group was divided into two subgroups (8 individuals in each subgroup) and participated in 16 cognitive-behavior therapy (Coping Cat program) sessions (1 hour, twice a week). The control group received only the mainstream Program of the school. After the last session, their mothers completed the CBCL again. The obtained data were analyzed by One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

    Results

    The results of One-way ANCOVA showed that the internalizing problems, i.e. withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, and anxious/depressed symptoms of the experimental group have reduced significantly after participating in the cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions. 

    Discussion

    Cognitive behavioral therapy (Coping Cat Program) is an effective method for reducing internalizing problems of children with externalizing disorders. Therefore, the program can be used to prevent the negative consequences of internalizing problems such as poor academic performance and social adaptation of the students with externalizing disorders.

    Keywords: Externalizing disorders, Coping cat program, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Internalizing problems
  • Arash Mirabzadeh, Gita Sadighi*, Ahmadali Akbari Kamrani, Mohammadreza Khodaei Ardakani, Golnaz Feyzzadeh, Mercedeh Samiei Pages 203-210
    Objectives

    Patients with schizophrenia receive psychiatric medications for many years, and their comorbid profile in old age remains unclear. Moreover, their pattern of non-psychiatric medicine use is of importance. Rehabilitation is crucial in patients with schizophrenia because it improves their strengths and life skills to live independently. These issues are essential in terms of polypharmacy among them, and its associated adverse effects. 

    Methods

    The present cross-sectional study investigated 131 patients with schizophrenia referring to Razi Hospital who were selected by a convenience sampling method. The subjects’ medical records were evaluated in terms of comorbid disorders and non-psychiatric medicine use patterns. Their demographic data were also collected by a separate questionnaire.

    Results

    The frequency of schizophrenia disorder was higher in males aged ≥65 years. The comorbidity frequency of non-psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in the elderly, compared to non-elderly patients. The most prevalent comorbid disorders in the elderly were musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders; and in the non-elderly neurological, hematological, and digestive diseases. The prevalence of non-psychiatric medicine intake was significantly higher in the elderly. The prevalence of non-psychiatric medicine use in the elderly (e.g. aspirin, heart disease medications, hypertension medications, etc.) and non-elderly patients (e.g. anemia medications, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, etc.) was not similar. 

    Discussion

    In schizophrenic patients, the old age period is associated with more comorbid disorders, compared to their healthy counterparts. Such comorbid profile is similar to other patients; e.g. the most prevalent comorbidities were musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Polypharmacy is a medical problem in the elderly, with numerous adverse effects. The adjunct consumption of psychiatric medications with the non-psychiatric ones highlights the vital phenomena of drug interactions and associated adverse effects of polypharmacy.

    Keywords: Elderly, Schizophrenia, Comorbid disorders, Polypharmacy
  • Marzieh Shirazikhah, Arash Mirabzadeh, Homeira Sajjadi, MohammadTaghi Joghataei, Akbar Biglarian, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi*, Hamid Sharif Nia, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari Pages 211-222
    Objectives

    The primary focus in the rehabilitation services program is the universal coverage of these services, in other words, to provide better access to these services in any place and situation. The present study aimed to develop and validate a physical rehabilitation accessibility assessment questionnaire as a standardized instrument that can be adaptable to people with physical disabilities. 

    Methods

    An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was used to develop and validate this questionnaire. Appropriate content was prepared through the literature review, related studies analysis, and focus group discussions with a qualitative approach. Then, the face, content, and construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. 

    Results

    The physical rehabilitation accessibility questionnaire with 17 items was formulated, and its psychometric properties were evaluated through testing in a study sample of 200 people with disabilities who filled up the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that 81% of the variance of the accessibility to physical rehabilitation services was determined by four factors of affordability, transport, social support, and information access. Indices of PCFI=0.772, PNFI=0.717, NFI=0.877, CFI=0.952, CMIN/DF=1.867, RMSEA=0.066, and AGFI=0.871 confirmed the fitness of the final model. The convergent and divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire were also confirmed. 

    Discussion

    The questionnaire has an appropriate psychometric property that makes it useful for assessing the accessibility of physical rehabilitation services for people with physical disabilities. This questionnaire can be used in subsequent studies to measure the accessibility of rehabilitation services.

    Keywords: Disability, Confirmatory factor analysis, Psychometrics, Reliability, Validity, Accessibility, Rehabilitation
  • Daniela Cerón Perdomo*, Carolina Mancipe García, Daniel G. Fernández Ávila, Óscar Muñoz Velandia, Ángel García Pages 223-230
    Objectives

    Our research seeks to examine the correlation between the presence of physical medicine and rehabilitation journals in social networks and the SJR impact factor.

    Methods

    We carried out a correlation study. For the research, we took into account all physical medicine and rehabilitation journals included in the SCImago Journal Rank. The number of followers on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and the number of tweets were extracted from verified accounts. Journal differences according to the presence in social networks were evaluated using non-parametric tests, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated between the metrics of dissemination in social networks and the SCImago Journal Rank. 

    Results

    Out of 122 physical medicine and rehabilitation journals, 25.4% had the presence in one social network. The H Index medians (32 vs 17, P=0.014) and of the SJR (0.67 vs 0.32, P= 0.001) were better in journals with the presence in social networks. A moderate correlation was found between the SJR and the number of followers on Twitter (r=0.5, P=0.066). The global correlation between the SJR and followers on Facebook was acceptable (r=0.4, P=0.1205).

    Discussion

    Our data show that scientific journals of physical medicine and rehabilitation with presence in social networks have superior quality metrics. Additionally, SJR and the indicators of dissemination in social networks are moderately correlated. Both metrics offer complementary information. Presence in social networks could improve the visibility of journals and their interaction with readers.

    Keywords: Social networks, Rehabilitation, Journal Impact Factor
  • Hossein Gharaati Sotoudeh, Masoud Arefnazari Pages 231-238
    Objectives

     The purpose of this study was to normalize and validate a questionnaire on effective life skills for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of addiction in an adolescent population (age >10 years) from Tehran, Iran. 

    Methods

     To prepare the questionnaire, several standard questionnaires were combined, including self-control, problem-solving, decision-making, and assertiveness questionnaires. Afterward, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed.

    Results

     The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions on four main skills including 10 questions targeting one specific skill. The questionnaire was examined among 160 adolescents, aged ≥5 years, in different parts of Tehran, Iran. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was measured to determine its reliability. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on the ratio of internal variances; Cronbach’s alpha of all items of the designed questionnaire was above 0.7, indicating its acceptable reliability.

    Discussion

     The questionnaire on effective life skills for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of addiction in adolescents had a completely novel design, which was established for the first time in Iran. According to the findings, it is possible to evaluate the adolescents’ skills regarding addiction prevention and treatment.

    Keywords: Life skills test, Adolescents, Questionnaire