نشریه شناخت اجتماعی
پیاپی 17 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Celebrity worship as a parasocial relationship with celebrities can affect psychological wellbeing, but meanwhile, cognitive abilities and especially cognitive flexibility can play effective roles due to the effect on interpersonal communication. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the celebrity worship and psychological wellbeing with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility.

The research design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of Guilan University in 2018. Among them, 300 female and female students were selected through convenient sampling method. After selecting the sample, celebrity worship attitude (McCutcheon, Lange & Houran, 2002), Ryff’s scale of psychological wellbeing (Ryff, 1989), and cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) were given to participants. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural analysis were used to analyze data.

According to the results, celebrity worship was correlated to psychological wellbeing and cognitive flexibility significantly. In fact, celebrity worship directly had negative and significant effect on psychological wellbeing and cognitive flexibility. Moreover, the indirect effect of celebrity worship on psychological wellbeing through the cognitive flexibility was negative and significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive flexibility has a mediating role in the relationship between the celebrity worship and psychological well-being. In other words, by increasing cognitive flexibility, psychological well-being problems caused by extreme involvement with celebrities would be reduced.

Considering the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between celebrity worship and psychological wellbeing, it can be argued that by increasing cognitive flexibility, psychological well-being problems caused by celebrity worship decreases as well.

Given that sexual problem are multifactorial, and a few studies have been done from the point of view of social psychology, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of social exchange theory in predicting unconsummated marriage.

This descriptive study was correlational, and statistical population was composed of all women who referred to sexual clinics of Tehran city, among whom 220 women were selected through cluster sampling method as the study sample. The research tools included Multidimensional Vaginal Penetration Disorder Questionnaire (Molaie Nezhad, et al., 2014) and Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman et al., 2011).

The results showed that tracking style (r=0/244, p= 0/001), individualism (r=-0/283, p= 0/001), and benefit-seeking styles (r= -0/289, p= 0/001) had significant positive correlation, and fairness (r=0/277, p= 0/0001) and overinvestment (r=0/379, p= 0/0001) had significant negative relationship with unconsummated marriage disorder. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that only the fairness style predicts 40% of the variance of unconsummated marriage disorder.

Given that social exchange styles, especially the fairness style, are effective in the treatment of unconsummated marriage, appropriate training in this field can be helpful in family sustainability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between belief in a just world, spiritual well-being, and forgiveness and social well-being with the intermediate role of gender.

This research was applied in terms of purpose, and was descriptive-correlation in terms of method type. A sample of 419 students of Urumia University (213 female and 206 male students) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from the whole population of the study. To collect data, the questionnaires of Believing in the Just World (BJW) (Sutton & Douglas (2005), Dulbert (1999), and Deltbert et al., (2001)), Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) (Polutzin & Ellison, 1982), forgiveness (GF) (Walker & Garrosh, 2002), and Social Well-being (SW) (Keyez, 1998) were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS software based on descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression).

The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the belief in a just world and social well-being in the students, and there is no meaningful relationship between forgiveness and spiritual well-being and social well-being, and none of the gender variables has any meaningful relationship. Therefore, by strengthening the belief in a just world in students, social well-being can be strengthened in them.

The results of this research can be applied to counseling centers of universities as well as lesson planners in order to develop programs to strengthen the spirituality and believe in a just world of students to improve their social well-being.

The purpose of this study was to present a causal model of the need for cognition and immersion in digital games among high school students in the academic year of 2017-18 in Shiraz by using path analysis method.

The statistical sample of this study consisted of 600 students of Shiraz city who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were Cacioppo and Petty' Need for Cognition (NFC) (1982), Williams and Deci' Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ) (1996), VandeWalle et al.'s Goal Orientation (2001), Pekrun et al.' Academic Emotions (2005), Jackson Wicklewood’s Intrinsic Flow of Learning (2008) (Second Edition), and Brown and Forer' Flow and Immersion (2010) questionnaires.

In general, the results showed that the need for cognition has direct effect on emotions, goal orientation and intrinsic flow of learning. Also, emotions and intrinsic learning flow have a direct effect on immersion and fluidity. The need for cognition with mediating the goal orientation and flow of learning and emotions, and also goal orientation and intrinsic flow have indirect effect on immersion.

All variables in this study explain 0.30 of the variables in the immersion and the model has a good fit with respect to the data.

Stress management training with emphasis on thinking styles, as a multifaceted intervention that incorporates social cognitive components, can be considered as an effective stress intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on the thinking style.

This study was quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test and control group. To do this, the community of Stock Exchange activists were considered as a population who exposed to stress, and the employees of Stock Exchange Company were selected as study samples. The research sample was selected in coordination with the management of the company and through the publication of a written call, and finally, 40 registered volunteers were randomly assigned in two groups (20 experimental and 20 control). The Sternberg and Wagner’s Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI) (1992) was used to measure thinking styles.According to the protocol, the experimental group were subjected to 18 stress management training sessions focusing on thinking style.

The results of covariance analysis showed that stress management training program has been effective on all components of thinking styles (except royal and anarchist thinking styles).

One of the most important factors in employee job dissatisfaction is the inability to solve individual and organizational problems. When these problems are new or complex, innovative and effective decision making is a very important factor in solving them. According to the researcher's studies, the effect of problem solving skills on job satisfaction and employee creativity in Iranian companies and organizations has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training in improving job satisfaction and creativity of employees.

This study is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Subjects were selected using the available sampling method. The problem solving skills were taught to 50 employees who get the lowest score in the problem-solving ability self-assessment test. Then, their job satisfaction and creativity were evaluated before, immediately, and 4 months after the end of training. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a positive correlation between problem solving skills, job satisfaction, and employees’ creativity.

problem solving skills training, as a short-term psychological intervention, can increase job satisfaction and creativity of staff, and the effect of this intervention will remain stable over time.

The similarities and differences of moral judgements between men and women have always been controversial. Since ethics and its related areas are not separate from psychology, because of its importance in social and human interactions, it is also of great importance. For this reason, much research and empirical works have focused on gender differences and ethics, which has yielded various results and has created ambiguities. Therefore, the results of this research can be helpful in explaining these issues.

Regarding the purpose of the study, the method of the meta-analysis in this study includes all studies conducted and published on gender differences in ethical decisions that have been published in the last ten years.

The results suggest that although gender differences in emotional responses appear to be detrimental to others, both men and women engage in similar levels of processing in moral confrontation, and differences in factors, such as age, education, studies, and the like are more important.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity, reliability and factor structure of McMahon and Good's (2015) Moral Metacognition Scale in Iranian students.

For this purpose, 524 undergraduate students of Yasuj University in the academic year 1395-96 were selected using multistage cluster random sampling. Correlation coefficients between factors with total factor scores, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the internal consistency and validity of the scale.

The results showed that the questionnaire had a good reliability (0.90), and exploratory factor analysis confirmed four factors, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structure of the questionnaire had a good fit with the data and all goodness of fit indices were confirmed for the four-factor model underlying the questionnaire. According to the main research, these factors were named metacognitive regulating factor, expressive cognitive, procedural cognitive, and conditional cognitive knowledge.

These results suggest that McMahon and Good's (2015) moral metacognition scale can be used as a suitable tool for measuring students' moral metacognition in Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of anxiety on the selection of waiting conditions of female undergraduate students at the Islamic Azad University of Sari.

For this purpose, 129 subjects were selected through multistage random sampling method, then their homogeneity in terms of gender, age, level of anxiety, and educational level was assured. Before entering the independent variable to measure anxiety level, Spielberger's State- Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to control the intrusive variable, which data analysis through the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between the three groups (State scale: H = 0.562, df = 2, sig = 0.755, a= 0.05; and trait scale: H = 0.990, df = 2, sig = 0.610, a = 0.05). The instrument used in this research was a performance and measurement package that was applied according to the implementation instructions. Finally, the data were analyzed through nonparametric statistics of Fridman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by using SPSS software.

The results showed that different levels of anxiety had an impact on the choice of waiting conditions. Comparisons of average ranks has shown that participants preference for choice was 'cognitive clarity', 'emotional comparison', ‘crowd’ and 'being alone', respectively.

Given the high frequency of cognitive clarity, it can be concluded that acquiring expert information (i.e., cognitive clarity) to adapt to critical situations has been more important than other variables that researchers have emphasized so far.

One of the fundamental basis of a company's success is having good and efficient managers; the managers' merits depends more on their behavior, personality traits, and attitudes than on their knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers' characteristics on information symmetry with mediating the social responsibility disclosure in Tehran Stock Exchange companies.

The statistical population of this study is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2018. The sample of study includes 50 Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In order to test the research hypotheses, structural equation model was used using partial least squares method through software (PLS3). Hexaco 6 Factor Questionnaire (2004) and the researcher made checklist were used to measure personality traits and social responsibility disclosure, respectively. In addiotion, to assess information symmetry, the difference between the proposed purchase price and the proposed selling price of the company's shares on the Tehran Stock Exchange was utilized.

The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between honesty, humility, agreement, conscientiousness and openness to experience and disclosure of social responsibility.Also, the above four personality factors can affect the symmetry of information by mediating the disclosure of social responsibility.