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سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1398)

The current research was conducted to study mediating role of fulfillment of marital expectations in the effect of marital satisfaction on high marital expectations, optimism and relationship self-efficacy in married university employees. The population consisted of all married employees in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and Ahvaz Jondi-Shapour University of Medical Science. Therefore 200 employees were recruited according to available-voluntary sampling. The participants were asked to complete Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards, Life Orientation Scale —Revised and Relationship Self-Efficacy Scale. The model evaluation was made by path analysis method. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there were significant positive correlations between fulfillment of marital expectations, high marital expectations, optimism and relationship self-efficacy and marital satisfaction. After eliminating the three non-significant effects, the last model had a good fitness. The results showed that optimism had both directly and indirectly (through fulfillment of marital expectations) significant positive effects on marital satisfaction. Likewise, high marital expectations and relationship self-efficacy were predictive of marital satisfaction indirectly through fulfillment of marital expectations. The results of this research showed despite the importance of optimism and self-efficacy, fulfillment of marital expectations has more important role in marital satisfaction.

It is crucial for teachers to be happy at work, because they can do their best. This study was conducted to determine the role of attachment styles, love styles and emotional expressiveness in predicting the happiness of married teachers. The research method was descriptive-cross sectional and correlational. A total of 260 teachers from Rudsar city were randomly selected through a two-stage cluster sampling among 30 schools. They responded to Oxford Happiness Inventory, Beshart's Attachment Styles, King and Emmons Emotional Expressiveness Questionnare and Sternberg Love Styles Scales. Correlation analysis showed that happiness has direct relationships with the secure attachment style, the style of love, such as intimacy, passion and the commitment and expressiveness of excitement, and has an inverse relationship with insecure and ambivalent attachment style. The results of t-test showed that the mean of happiness in men's group is significantly higher than in comparision with women. Regression analysis in the men group showed that secure attachment style and love-commitment style were positively and significantly, and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles negatively predicted 40% of the variance in happiness scores. In the women's group, it was also found that ambivalent attachment style negativly and emotional expressiveness positively predicted 52% of happiness scores. Overall, it can be said that attachment styles, committed love (especially in men) and emotional expressiveness (especially in women) can explain the happiness of the teachers' community by influencing how they interact and communicate.

This research was conducted to evaluate the moderating role of self-compassion in the effect of alexithymia and interpersonal problems on marital burnout in maladjusted women This study was conducted by the correlation method. Therefore, 103 women with low marital adjust ment were selected by random cluster sampling. The tools used in the present study were the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Interpersonal Problems Scale, and Couple Burnout Scale Data analysis was analyzed by structural equation modeling. According to the results, self-compassion played a moderating role in the effect of alexithymia and interpersonal problems on matital burnout in maladjusted women Therefore, the higher the self-compassion in maladjusted women with couple burnout, they experience less alexithymia and interpersonal problems.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of spiritual intelligence and resiliency training programs on the psychological empowerment of Guilan Steel employees. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest-follow up and a control group. Of the 600 staff who were interested in collaborating on the study, 250 were available through sampling. Sixty subjects with the lowest scores on the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire were selected and randomly assigned into three groups (two experimental and one control group each 20). The research instrument consisted of  Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (Spritzer). The subjects in the three groups responded to this instrument as pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental groups received eight sessions of 90-minute intervention on spiritual intelligence and resiliency training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods of Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U Test. The findings showed that the psychological empowerment of the staff in the experimental groups was higher than the control group (in the post-test and follow-up). In addition, the results showed that the effect of the resiliency training program on enhancing employees' psychological empowerment was significantly more as compared to the effect of spiritual intelligence training. Therefore, managers and industry owners can use cognitive and resilience training programs as a complementary package to compete in the production market and to increase organizational productivity.

Thisstudy aimed to explain the students’ mastery goal via character strengths based on the correlation method. In this research, 417 ninth grade students (213 girls and 204 boys), were selected by cluster sampling method and were asked to respond to  the Values in Action Inventory of Strength Scale of Park and Peterson, Goal Orientation of Elliott and McGregor, Schwarzer and Jerusalem's Self-Efficacy Scale, Achievement Value of Pintrich and his colleagues, Nemati's Responsibility, and Happiness Scale of lyubomirsky and Lepper. Findings showed that the assumed model has  an acceptable goodness of fit and the character strengths can explain the mastery goal. The indirect effects of the variables of character strengths, self-efficacy, responsibility, achievement value on mastery goal was also significant. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls in terms of output patterns based on Chi-square normalization value index, comparative fit index, the goodness of fit index, and root mean square. The results showed that the model of the mastery goal can be explained by character strengths through self-efficacy mediator variables, responsibility, the value of achievement, and happiness. Therefore, mastery goal model can be used in the education of high school students.

This study was to determine the effect of self-compassion training on attitudes to menopause in menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. The study was a quasi-experimental study with control and pretest-posttest and follow-up (after a month). The statistical population consisted of 45-55 years old women with natural menopause and vasomotor symptoms in Tonekabon city (2019). Sampling was done by the available method and after the initial screening with Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Thirty participants were selected after signing informed consent, and were randomly and equally assigned to experimental and control groups. Both groups completed Neugarten Attitudes Toward Menopause Questionnaire in three stages. The experimental group received 8-weeks of self-compassion training program and the control group was placed on the waiting list.Data were analyzed by repeated- measures analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the menopausal attitude and continued to the follow-up stage. Thus, self-compassion training is effective in improving the attitude of menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms.