Plant Biotechnology Persa
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2020

The objective of the study is to design, formulate and evaluate an oral gel containing Q. infectoria galls extract for its anti-Candida activity. The gel formulation was designed by using carbapol 940 and xanthan gum as gel forming polymers, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The pH  was maintained by drop wise addition of Tri-ethanolamine. Eight different gel formulations (F1 to F8) were prepared by dispersion method, using different concentrations of carbopol 940 for carbopol 940-based oral gels (F1and F2), and combined with xanthan gum as secondary gelling polymer for combined polymer-based formulations (F3-F8) have been prepared to study the individual effect of two polymers as well as polymer concentrations, and they were evaluated using official and non-official experiments including organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, extrudability and viscosity, in vitro release and drug content uniformity. The stability study for the developed gel formulation was done as per ICH guidelines and antifungal activity was evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. The overall pharmaceutical acceptability were satisfactory for the developed oral gels regarding chemical and physical investigations. The viscosity of oral gels was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both of polymer concentration and polymer type, also the developed oral gel formulations exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans, it was observed that the biological activity of prepared oral gels significantly (P=0.03) increases with decreasing polymers concentration. The accelerated stability testing indicated that all formulations showed a good stability, thus providing a safe and stable gel delivery system. The pharmaceutical evaluations and in vitro results showed that oral gel formulations can be a potential candidate for the delivery of Q. infectoria galls ethanolic extract to the oral cavity, with better in vitro characteristics, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity, using carbopol 940 alone and in combination with xanthan gum as drug carriers.

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides has been playing vital roles in traditional therapies in Nigeria towards management of several ailments. In the quest to investigating its genotoxicity, 30 mice weighing between 20 – 25g were placed in three groups of 10 mice each. Groups A and  B, orally administered 100 and  400 mg kg-1 of the extract respectively for 49 days,  group C received distilled water as control. At expiration of treatment the mice were sacrificed via jugular puncture. Femurs were removed to extract the bone marrow for genotoxic assay. Heavy metal and proximate analysis was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Bone marrow analysis revealed dose-related increase in the number of MN PCEs in treatments compared to control. A significant decrease in the number of Bud PCE was observed between treatment and control. Insignificant dose-dependent increase in MN NCE and significant dose related increase was observed in 100 mg kg-1 treatment, also extract did not affect PCE /PCE +NCE ratio.  In the proximate analysis, carbohydrate was highest, followed by crude fiber, protein and ash respectively. From heavy metals evaluation, Zn was the highest, all metals observed were within permissible level. The insignificant result of PCE/PCE+NCE or MNE PCEs against control may infer that the extract is not aneugenic, clastogenic, cytotoxic or genotoxic to the bone marrow. Availability of Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cd at permissible level suggest the plant possess some health potentials. The extract can be affirmed to be devoid of genotoxicity within period, doses and battery of exposure.

Hyperlipidemia is a chronic condition but in many cases it may be reversed by a healthy diet and regular exercise. It is also associated to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Hyperlipidemia is known as one of the risk factors for coronary vessels disease, peripheral artery disease, and cardiac arrest. Drug-therapy is a usual method for treating hyperlipidemia. Consumption of probiotics may improve this problem and reduce the course of disease as well as its signs. The purpose of this review is to assess clinical evidences associating to role and effects of probiotics on the hl. Probiotics have greater influence on persons who suffer from high cholesterol. In the intestine, probiotics can bind to cholesterol and prevent its ingestion. Furthermore, they help in production of some biliary acids which play role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Some probiotics can produce short chain fatty acids that prevent formation of cholesterol in the liver. Probiotics are effective factors in reduction of hl.

Wheat is one of the most widely consumed cereals in the world, especially in Asian countries. There is always a possibility to have carcinogenic toxic agents during the bread preparation process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the milling process on aluminum contamination levels in produced flours in Alborz province.

After preparing 60 samples of wheat, Sangak flour, Lavash or Taftoon flour from flour milling factories in Alborz province, the concentration of aluminum was quantified by ICP-OES. Data analysis was performed using Prism and SPSS software.

The milling machine affected the amount of aluminum level in the samples in the present study. The contamination level of aluminum has increased after the milling process. The highest average concentration of aluminum was 1.959 ± 0.560 mg/kg.

Bread is considered the main food source for the Iranian people. To preserve food security and decreasing the food contamination, Continuous monitoring and Enforce strict regulation is essential to maintain the quality of wheat and flour in the market. In the present study, the average concentration of aluminum in wheat and flour samples of Alborz province was in agreement with the standard set by the EU, Codex, and Iran.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a valuable medicinal and nutritional plant of the Fabaceae family. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat duodenal ulcers, coughs, sore throats, inflammation, bloating, strong laxatives and antidotes, hot flashes, relieves thirst, relieves skin discomfort, and anti-allergies. The most important active ingredient in this plant is glycyrrhizic acid. G. glabra L. is a widely used plant in Iran and medicinal products have been produced from it in Iran. Interactions between herbal and chemical drugs are also common. In this review study, drug interactions between G. glabra L. and chemical corticosteroid drugs were investigated and reported. G. glabra L.  can interact with a variety of chemical drugs, so concomitant use of G. glabra L. with other drugs requires caution.

Allium Sativum L. is a plant with different nutritional and medicinal principles. Despite the valuable medicinal effects that have been reported for the garlic plant, but drug interactions with chemical drugs have been reported. Garlic interacts with antihypertensive drugs, Saquinavir, hypoglycemics, general anesthetics, and anticoagulants, so associated use of garlic with mentioned chemical drugs should be used with caution to prevent drug interactions and side effects.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. In 2017, it was expected that 425 million people (20–79 years of age) suffered from DM and the number is expected to rise to 629 million by 2045. for centuries cinnamon has been a culinary spice and folk remedy for various maladies. In traditional medicines, its uses include for relief of gastrointestinal distress, arthritis, high blood pressure, dermatitis, toothache, and colds; for improving menstrual irregularities; and for wound healing. In the current literature, the key words including cinnamon, diabetes, insulin, blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1C from the list of MeSH and other credible scientific websites such as Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar were used to compile the effects of cinnamon on blood glucose level and hemoglobin A1C in diabetes. Studies show cinnamon can reduce serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1C, improving glucose transport, improving anthropometric (Body Mass Index, body fat, and visceral fat), and improving glycemic parameters (FPG, 2hpp, HbA1C, Fasting Insulin, and Insulin Resistance).  From the findings of various studies, it can be concluded that the oral administration of cinnamon extracts has a valuable effect on blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C.

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, helical, and microaerophilic bacterium, and its infection affects the health of the community. This bacterium protects itself from stomach acid by having the enzyme urease. Nearly three decades after the discovery of this bacterium, no specific treatment regimen has been proposed that is able to eliminate the infection in all treated patients. Besides, the different treatment regimens with different effects on the pathogen have been proposed. Widespread use of antibiotics in treatment and eradication has led to the growth of antibiotic resistance. In this review study, the most important medicinal plants with inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori were reported. For this review study, keywords such as Helicobacter pylori, bacterial infection, medicinal plants, extract and Iran were used. The databases searched for in those articles were Google Scholar, SID, Scapus, PabMed, Science Direct, and ISI search engines. Plants such as Satureia hortensis L., Salvia officinalis, Mentha Piperita, Ziziphora tenuior, Mentha pulegium, Satureja khuzestanica, Thymus caramanicus, Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, Ocimum basilicum L, Salvia mirzayanii, Teucus frutus, Majus frutics, Rubus frutics Geum Iranicum, Filipendula ulmaria L, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Citrus sinensis, Argentin anserine, Bunium persicum, Crataegus aronia, Cuminum cyminum L. and etc were assessed. These are the most important medicinal plants affecting Helicobacter pylori in Iran.