نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، زمستان 1398)

Governments have made many efforts in rural development by implementing various economic, socio-cultural, and physical policies and actions; however, it seems that these policies and actions have not been able to provide rural settlements for sustainable development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of governmental support on sustainable rural development in Shahin Shahr and Meymeh villages. This is an applied research which employs field descriptivesurvey as a method. The statistical population consists of approximately 2834head of households. The statistical sample includes 338 head of households that have been selected based on Cochran formula. Available sampling method have been applied as a sampling method technique. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The questioner has been divided into two sections: government support with 14 items and sustainable rural development with 29 items. To analyze the collected data Structural Equation Path Analysis and Friedman test have been adopted by using AMOS and SPSS-22 software. The results indicate that, government supports, including socio-cultural, environmental, and economic supports, have a positive effect on sustainable rural development. Furthermore, government supports have the largest effect on environmental indicators and the least effect on economic indicators.

In this research, available potentials in Dinaran and Poshtkooh district in terms of human, economic, service, and natural indicators have been investigated. The purpose of this study is to prioritize rural settlements of Dinaran and Poshtkooh districts in terms of settlement crises. Quantitative method have been adopted as a research method. The data have been collected via descriptive-survey method. To analyze data centralized index, cluster analysis, factor analysis and, TOPSIS models have been applied. Then, the rank of villages have been determined and rural districts have been prioritized based on their average rank in terms of crisis. In the following, in line with strategic planning, the internal factors (strength and weakness) and external factors (opportunity and threat) have been examined and the solutions, limitations, and crisis factors have been identified.

By protecting, regenerating and establishing life in valuable rural fabric, it will be possible to recognize indigenous and local cultures. In this way, the transfer of cultural experiences will realize. The purpose of this study is to provide an optimal planning model for the development of valuable rural textures for tourism development with emphasis on rural tourism in Soh rural district of Shahinshahr and Meimeh city. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study include 32 relevant experts. The entire statistical population have considered as a statistical sample. The data collection tool is a questionnaire which is divided into two sections: valuable textures section with 36 items and rural tourism development section with 28 items. To analyze the collected data structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis test have been adopted by using AMOS and SPSS-22 software. The results show that in general, planning for the development of valuable rural textures has an positive impact on tourism development. Furthermore, the economic, social, and physical indexes have influenced tourism development. Moreover, the physical index has the most impact on tourism development and the social index has the least impact on tourism development.

Social participation and social capital are the indicators of social sustainability (the third indicator of social inclusion) which includes actions related to urban design, social fields and spatial inequality. On the other hand, social participation is one of the main standards of social capital that results in higher cooperation between citizens and controlling organizations in order to realize the design of urban spaces. The goal of this research is to clarify indicators of social capital and social participation using descriptive, analytical and qualitative methods, and to find out how much can social capital affect social participation. Therefore, we have studied and evaluated this matter in Shahshahan district, by questionnaires, interviews and observation. This research has resulted in presenting approaches and suggestions for the realization of urban design and also the mentioned goals, by employing SOAR technique. The results of this research show that the following indicators affect social participation: People's engagement and participation; Trust; Education and access to information; Voluntary associations; Social support, empathy and cooperation; Social groups and environments; Family background and social position; Social interaction, social relationship, purposeful action; Social intervention; Safety; Satisfaction; Leisure; Commitments and guarantees; Technology and social media; Social solidarity; Acceptance of differences and norms.

Councils management of city and villager management fulfilment in development and eleuation social partnerships. This question will be answered on the board and what role assemblis Rural development habitations in the city are shahreza. It seems thet the Skil, Functions and Roles management councils and assemblis in development habitations villeage is a significant relationship. In this regard, the promotion of village affairs, including economic, social, cultural, political And physical participation of rural people and rural management are undertaken by the association. Rural management interwoven set of features, a variety of natural, human, institutional and structural-functional It takes another full address space, so it can not be confined to the rural management council and the assemblis The writing of a new management position that tries to explain the rural country, the issue of shahreza village within the city analyze and evaluate the activities carried out by the Council and assemblis institutions in physical and socioeconmic aspects of the physical and public service comoined with the evaluation of residents satisfaction with the activities In three dimensions mentioned above, the role of management in the rural village is clear. Survey and field research methods in this paper, population 30,000 people There are over 3000 households. The volume of the sample is composed of 341 patients, randomly from a householder to come. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. statistical software was used for data analysis. At the descriptive level, using statistical parameters such as frequency, percentage, cumulative percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics from a sample ttests t two samples, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient was useds. The findings show that contribute skil functions and roles management councils and assemblis buoy in development villeage habitation in sahreza.

The issue of employment among different countries has been always one of the sensitive issues and plays an important role in the economic evaluation and always has been one of the most important factors in assessing a country's development or lack of development. In our country this is especially because of theyoung age pyramid which consists of 70% of the population always has been considered and discussed. At this point, one of the area that, despite having very high potential in reducing the national problem, never have been seriously considered by the authorities and planners, is hotel and restaurant industry. Now according to World Tourism Organization estimates show that the average tourist arrival led to the creation of six jobs directly and indirectly, which in this regard, one of the most important strategies to increase employment in most countries, is the creation of entrepreneurship in the hospitality sector, so actualization of the potential and diversify to entertainment services can create capacities of local jobs and make it grow to the top. Accordingly; in Gilan which has a provincial tourism potential this important issue should be considered more and level of development commensurate with the potential to be measured in each city. the objective of this research is based on practical and descriptive - case, analytical nature, which the objective of this research is based on practical and descriptive - case, analytical nature which the statistical data in spearman's rank model which have been collected from 1398 shows that population indicators and the population employed in hotel and restaurant are correlated with each other and it has been detected from Z model that despite of tourism attraction potential of Gilan province appropriate development in the province in hotel and restaurant industry has not been accrued.