نشریه تحقیقات ژنتیک پزشکی
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Cell counting is used for a variety of purposes, the most important of which is to count living cells and calculate the percentage of cell survival. Cell counting is extremely important in diagnostic laboratories, research centers, and pharmaceutical companies. Today, different methods for cell counting have been developed that have different accuracy. Blood cell counts have long been used to diagnose various diseases. Cell counting methods have been used in pharmacy to monitor drugs and how drugs affect cell life. Cell counting techniques in tissue engineering are also used to measure cell life in contact with biomaterials such as scaffolds or implants. Today, with the advancement of technology in the development of cell counting devices and kits, there are more than ten different methods of cell counting and calculating cell survival percentage, which have been briefly reviewed in this article.

Depression is a mood disorder that causes constant feelings of sadness and loss of interest. Depression is the most common mood disorder in today’s society. It is twice as common in women as in men, and the initial start of depression is usually in woman’s reproductive years.About 7% of pregnant women experience depression and using antidepressants during pregnancy. Failure to treat depression during this period has irreversible consequences. also, treating depressed mothers with antidepressants given that they have the same mechanism as antidepressants and affecting the brain is very dangerous because the use of these medicines may alter the expression of genes involved in brain development and thus cause brain disorders in the fetus. Therefore, this article examines the effect of antidepressants on fetal brain development and key genes affecting brain development.

This research is a review study and Iranian and foreign databases such as PUBMED, NCBI and etc. have been used to collect information in this research.

Based on the findings, brain development involves the constant interaction of the environment and genetic factors, and many genes are effective in regulating brain size. Research has shown that antidepressants affect the expression of genes involved in brain development and lead to malformations Genetic brains such as primary microcephaly (MCPH), macrocephaly, autism, etc.

According to the reviewed articles and the obtained documents, brain size regulation requires different mechanisms and genes. Due to the effect of antidepressants on the expression of genes involved in brain development and their use to prevent brain and mental disorders in the fetus, the use of antidepressants in pregnant women and lactating mothers should be prohibited.

To date, various adult stem cells have been known in the oral cavity, including dental pulp stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, papillary apical stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, and gingival mesenchymal stem cells. All of these cells have nerve potential and are derived from embryonic stem cells in the embryo, which can be used in cell therapy and nervous system defects, which has become a major challenge today. One of the most widely used of these cells is the dental pulp stem cells, which have a high innate potential for neuron differentiation. These cells are the most accessible and disposable resources and due to the personalization of these cells do not cause transplant rejection problems. In addition, many studies have been performed on the use of these cells in the production of drugs and neurological drug screening. Many studies have been done on the neural differentiation of dental stem cells, and in this article, we will have a brief overview of these protocols. These protocols are not only defined by the culture medium but also the medium containing the base environment desirable growth factors, small molecules and others. Culture supplements, also using substrate/surface coatings, the presence of different culture stages, the total culture period, the initial culture density, and whether the spherical/neutrosphere shape for rearrangement used for the three-dimensional neural differentiation medium is naturally the physiological view is in vivo. Hopefully, with further studies on nerve induction, hope can be found in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system.

Today, DNA extraction is a common method in molecular biology and criminological analysis. In order to extract DNA, there are different types of kits that allow the correct extraction and selection of DNA in less time. The quality of the extracted DNA and the amount of impurities in it are very important factors in forensic analysis. Criminological analysis requires the best and purest DNA, and therefore requires the production of a highly accurate kit with very high extraction efficiencies that can extract DNA from a variety of different tissues . In this project, we try to optimize the columnar method of DNA extraction to produce a native kit in accordance with the needs of forensic analysis in the country. Since these kits save 50% of currency, as a production Inside and without the need to go abroad have been introduced in the field of forensic medicine. The prototype of these kits is used for 100 tests and has an expiration date of 2 years . The forensic medicine organization as the main user of this laboratory kit will evaluate the quality of this product by considering the quantitative and qualitative standards provided by the manufacturer and comparing it with similar foreign kits, including the Kiagen company kit. It is hoped that with the production of this kit, an important step will be taken towards self-sufficiency in the country.

The most common aneuploidies include chromosome 21 trisomy (Down syndrome), chromosome 18 trisomy (Edward syndrome), chromosome 13 trisomy (Down syndrome), chromosome 21 trisomy (Patau syndrome), chromosome X monosomy (Turner syndrome) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). On the other hand, spontaneous abortion is common in the first trimester which in the 50% of cases are based on chromosomal abnormalities and may repeated in 2-5% of next pregnancies. Nowadays, screening and diagnostic test for such aneuploidies in fatal period or neonatal phase are based on traditional karyotype which at least 15 days to develop. One of the benefits of applying short tandem repeats (STRs) in molecular studies and screening of chromosomal abnormalities, is the capability of reproducibility of this sequence. Synchronize reproducing capability in multiple loci, high sensitivity and specificity and capability of the analysis of huge data with less burden and time, are some of the impacts of STR application in the screening of chromosomal abnormalities. In this study, the validity of applying STRs for screening of common chromosomal aneuploidy (Down syndrome) have been assessed using data from affected people. After getting the letter of satisfaction from each case next of kin, blood samples from 25 Down syndrome clientele who have been admitted in Isfahan legal medicine department, have been saved on FTA cards. DNA has been extracted from blood samples which then amplified using Amp F STR Identifier kit with PCR. Resultant STR profiles have been visible using ABI capillary electrophoresis and have been analyzed by Gene-Mapper software. Presence of three different alleles in D21S11 locus has been reported in 21 cases out of 25. Application of this technique in rapid screening of chromosomal aneuploidies during pregnancy and also in aborted fetus can be extended.

Seminal fluids are evidence of great forensic interest, which allows genetic identification of people. In contrast to current methods using serological and biochemical techniques, vibrational spectroscopic approaches provide alternative advantages for forensic seminal fluids identification, such as non-destructivity and versatility for various seminal fluids types and analytical interests. However, unexplored issues remain for its practical application in forensics; for example, a specific seminal fluid needs to be discriminated from all other suspicious materials as well as other seminal fluids, and the method should be applicable even to aged seminal fluids samples. This study focuses on the discrimination among semen located on various materials like cotton fabrics by external reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the IR spectral signature obtained for seminal fluid allowed its identification and the correct classification of unknown stains. Phosphatase acid (AP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and (P30 diagnostic used in forensic medicine) were compared. According to the results of previous studies, infrared spectroscopy method can give similar results or in some cases samples not mixed with other body fluids have more reliable results than phosphatase acid test of the 9 samples taken in this way, 2 cases of the presence of meaning fluid with certainty 2 because of the overlap of peaks from mixtures of body fluids on fabrics such as vaginal fluid or suspected blood, and 2 samples were not detectable. Therefore, the present study advances the use of vibrational spectroscopy and a chemometric strategy for forensic seminal fluids identification.

AbstractToday, DNA extraction is a common method in molecular biology and criminological analysis. In order to extract DNA, there are different types of kits that allow the correct extraction and selection of DNA in less time. The quality of the extracted DNA and the amount of impurities in it are very important factors in forensic analysis. Criminological analysis requires the best and purest DNA, and therefore requires the production of a highly accurate kit with very high extraction efficiencies that can extract DNA from a variety of different tissues.In this project, we try to optimize the columnar method of DNA extraction to produce a native kit in accordance with the needs of forensic analysis in the country. Since these kits save 50% of currency, as a production Inside and without the need to go abroad have been introduced in the field of forensic medicine. The prototype of these kits is used for 100 tests and has an expiration date of 2 years.The forensic medicine organization as the main user of this laboratory kit will evaluate the quality of this product by considering the quantitative and qualitative standards provided by the manufacturer and comparing it with similar foreign kits, including the Kiagen company kit. It is hoped that with the production of this kit, an important step will be taken towards self-sufficiency in the country.