نشریه کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1397)

Use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases of the past have been considered. the infectious disease is of considerable importance. according to Nettle antibacterial effects and side effects of chemical drugs, replacing them by antimicrobial drugs of plant origin is very important. after collecting the nettle plant phenolic compounds and extracts maceration method, was measured using HPLC, then to investigate the antimicrobial activity of two ways disk deffusion and MIC against common bacteria urinary tract infection in concentrations of 12/5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml with 3 replications. Phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid (1/28%), rutin (2.25%), myricetin (6/10%) and vanillic acid (2/9%) was obtained using HPLC. acinetobacter calcoaceticus with a diameter of 21 mm maximum diameter of acinetobacter and enterococcus faecalis with a diameter of 4 mm was the lowest. according to the results of the test MIC, enterococcus faecalis greatest sensitivity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.1 mg / ml and enterobacter aerogenesis least sensitive to nettle extract of the herb. the extract of nettle can be another suitable alternative can be used to treat urinary tract infection. It is necessary to continue further studies and extensive in terms of invivo be done so that the plant extract, as an introduced new products.

Studies and calculations show that from 1.2 kilograms of biomass, Cause to produce about 1 kilowatt of electricity, 2.5 cubic meters of gas and at least 4,000 kilojoules per cubic meter of thermal energy. Due to the non-consumable of agricultural wastes and similar biomass that are not worth much and have environmental problems, it is possible to produce very cheap electric or thermal energy through the produced gas. Also, the use of these waste in the process of energy production and installation of biomass plants can be used in the agricultural industry, recycling and etc. therefore, its significant impact on the environment is due to the reduction of pollutants and the reduction or elimination of the total volume of waste through the process of gasification and conversion to high-effective products, including gas, biochar, and biofuel. And another reason for its high thermal efficiency of at least 80% is its economic justification.

Providing safe drinking water for human society is of vital importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance and performance of chlorination in the distribution network of drinking water in the level of utility of microbial quality and chlorination status in Tabriz and its surrounding villages.
This descriptive-analytical study, environmental and library study, and the necessary information were prepared using data collected from other articles and Tabriz Water and Wastewater Company. After analysis, it was analysed. The results of the study showed that the chlorination method used in the villages is a type of liquid chlorination or pottery method. Chlorine is injected into the liquid by pressure. The chlorine type is used as a powder or crystalline perflorester. 95.5% of the rural population of the East Azarbaijan province benefited from water utilization. Every day, various stages, such as chlorination, chlorination, sampling and testing, are carried out at the 7th level laboratory of the province, so that people will enjoy a healthy blue dream. The health center also monitors the company's performance and controls the supply of water and water entering and extinguishing, so that the water supplied is free from any pollution. Of the 127 villages of over 20 households without plumbing, plumbing 95 villages are being run in rural or rural communities. About 400 villages, 20 percent of the province's population, have water facilities but are not covered by this company. Due to the fact that in recent years, the important chlorination of rural water reservoirs has been delegated to Rural Water and Sewage Company, and perhaps the juicy juices of this company have not understood the necessity of the problem, in many villages of the country that covered this Companies should be given more attention to chlorination, as well as villages that are not covered by this company, are virtually uncertain and do not assume the responsibility of chlorination, which requires that decisions be taken as soon as possible.

In this study, the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-di-benzo [a, j] xanthenes were performed using a simple, suitable and environmentally friendly method. The reaction was performed from a single-step concentration of 2-naphthol with aromatic aldehydes, which occurred under solvent-free conditions in the presence of the organic catalyst guanidinium chloride. The advantages of this reaction are its cleanliness, short reaction time, high efficiency of products and simple method of product synthesis. Products are also purified without the use of chromatographic methods.

Semi IPN hydrogels of polymethacrylic acid and polyhalamine were prepared by free radical polymerization method, crosslinking N, N′ methylene bis acrylamide and azo isobutyro nitrile initiator, in 1: 1, 0.25: 1 and 0.5:1 molar scale at 80 °C. Then the swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels in different parameters (temperature, pH and ion intensity) were investigated. The structural properties of the hydrogels were identified by FT-IR and DSC. At pH = 12 the highest swelling was 2600% in the ratio (0.25:1) and at pH = 3 the lowest swelling was about 110% in the ratio (1:1) and at pH= 7 the minimum swelling was about 1500% in the ratio (1: 0.25) was observed. Also, the swelling behavior of hydrogels in pH ratio of 0.25:1 and pH = 12 at three temperatures of 50, 75 and 90 °C was investigated. The highest swelling was observed at 90 ° C, which can be attributed to the breaking of the intramolecular bond between the amine and the carbonyl group. The swelling behavior of hydrogels showed that in different concentrations of sodium chloride (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 normal) in three ratios (1:1, 0.25: 1 and 0.5:1) at pH= 12 The amount of swelling was obtained in a ratio of 1:1 and at a concentration of 0.001 normal.

The licorice rhizome extract contains glucose, sucrose, asparagine, albumin, resin and essential oils. Asparagine is a type of unnecessary amino acid that is essential for maintaining balance in the central nervous system. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural parameters, energy band gap, HOMO-LUMO, electron friendliness, chemical potential, bond length, hardness, softness, polarity and bipolar momentum of the asparagine compound in gaseous phase as well as in acetonitrile, DMSO and water solutions.The calculations were performed using density functional theory with B3LYP method with base set 316G + (d, p).According to calculations The energy of the asparagine compound in the gaseous phase is greater than the solubility The presence of solvent in asparagine reduced the chemical hardness This decrease in water solvent is more than other solvents .The electron-friendliness of the water-soluble mixture of DMSO and acetonitrile is greater than that of the gas-phase compound of asparagine. Chemical potential analysis shows Reactivity with water solvent is higher than other solvents.

Zingiber officinale is a perennial plant. The rhizome is horizontal, branched, fleshy, fragrant, white or yellow to brown. other names include Gerbil and Zanzibar. ginger is a perennial tropical plant with glandular rhizomes. Ginger is an important medicinal plant and has many properties such as anti-nausea, heart tonic, anti-clotting, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cough, anti-liver toxin, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-spasm, immune system stimulant, anti-inflammatory. bloating is an increase in gastrointestinal secretions, lowering blood cholesterol, stimulating cerebral circulation and stimulating digestion. Given the dangers of chemical compounds to humans and the environment, natural essences and compounds have been used in recent years as a viable alternative to the preservation and maintenance of agricultural products. In this study, ginger powder and oral paraffin oil were used as the oil base for the preparation of ginger oil. nanocapsules are one of the most important formulations of nanocapsules, nanocapsules are the second most basic element in nanotechnology after nanoparticles. nanocapsules come in many different types, polymeric nanocapsules are compounds that are produced by the process (simultaneous polymerization) in various sizes and shapes. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of production and optimization of nanocapsules containing ginger oil with polymer wall of gum arabic was evaluated.