نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1399)

One of the central features of the contemporary world is the quantitative and qualitative expansion of transnational resistance movements to the growing expansion of global capitalism. Despite the fact that there are considerable studies of this field, a major part of the literature has so far ignored the spatial aspects of such actions. Due to eliminate this theoretical shortcoming, the present study re-read how global resistance is formed from a spatial-network perspective, although it also paid particular attention to the practical impacts that this theoretical viewpoint may make on the policy making and devising strategy processes of Islamic republic of Iran. The study, inspired by the spatial turn approach, began with the main question of how the geography of resistance evolves in the age of global capitalist domination, and followed by discussions about a wide range of related issues. The examined hypothesis in this paper was, the geography of resistance is the production of articulating and linking dispersed networks of resistance by the actors which are themselves networked in nature as well. This paper concluded that a spatial understanding of the mechanism of articulation and formation of global resistance, in addition to the theoretical deepening of the field of political research, can pave the way for the development of practical and effective strategies to exploit the existing and revolutionary potential of global resistance, and ultimately open much wider possibility for the agents and statesmen of the Islamic Republic of Iran to shape continuous resistance to the domination of global capitalism.

Intellectual capital is actually a set of knowledge-based assets that is dedicated to an organization and company and is significantly effective in improving the situation of the ethical components of companies. On the other hand, meta-analysis is a set of statistical techniques that are used to identify and measure relationships that are extracted from existing research. This quantitative method allows for a careful integration of the findings of previous studies on a specific topic to assess the overall effect of existing studies and to assess the effect of different data characteristics on the results. Inferential meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software package and R software. Based on the results of inferential meta-analysis, the relationship between the components of intellectual capital and the components of moral components was examined. The results showed that the average effect size estimated between intellectual capital and moral components was 0.015 and significant and positive. In conclusion, we find that the study of intellectual capital has made undeniable progress and has become more complete in the last thirty-three years in Iran. Nowadays, not only academics from different disciplines, but also other important social stakeholders (professionals, policymakers, managers, etc.) know more about this field. Researchers can challenge the status quo in future research and use innovative methods and test new things about intellectual capital.

The purpose of this article is to compare the history of the Soviet Revolution in the early years and the Islamic Revolution of Iran with the formation of the Provisional Government. One way to explain the importance and nature of a revolution such as the Islamic Revolution of Iran is to compare it with other great revolutions that have taken place in the world. Meanwhile, the Soviet revolution in the early years has important differences and similarities with the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The question that this article seeks to answer is what are the differences and similarities between the two revolutions of the Soviet Union and the Iranian Revolution (during the Provisional Government) that have been raised in the initial answer to the hypothesis that the Soviet Revolution and the Iranian Revolution (during Interim government) have differences in ideology and similarities in strengthening political and economic structures. The results of the research show that the Soviet revolution in its first years with the Islamic Revolution of Iran, although structurally and ideologically different, but nevertheless, the economic and political structures of the two countries in this period were similar. The method used in this research is comparative and documentary analysis. Data collection tool is a collection of books, dissertations, articles and documents that contain information on the subject.

Political competition as a natural and even useful behavior is the hallmark of decentralized and democratic political construction. Of course, all political efforts must be focused on preventing political competition from turning into conflict. Accordingly, theoretically, three types of political competition can be considered, which are "political competition for the political system", "political competition for the political system" and "political competition within the political system; That is the type of "political competition within the political system." From this point of view, the components of political competition are considered as the rules of political competition, in order to create order, to which all actors are committed. In the following, the most important components in the field of Islamic-Iranian political competition are discussed. In this research, using indigenous sources, the qualitative method and theoretical foundations of political competition with documentary and library methods have been studied and the components of Islamic-Iranian political competition have been extracted, and the weight of each has been determined and operationalized quantitatively in the form of a questionnaire (Delphi method).

The nature of a country's constitution and the resulting legal possibilities, on the one hand, and the performance of policymakers, law enforcers, and lawmakers, on the other hand, can play a crucial role in the development of the country. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is inspired by the teachings of Islam, while emphasizing the balance between material and spiritual needs and the observance of Islamic norms and standards in all matters of the country, emphasizes the comprehensive progress of the country. What legal capacities are there for political development? It is a question that leads us to a precise and achievable solutions to achieve political development.Accordingly, the main issue of this research is to identify the formulation of political development in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which deals with the legal capacities and possibilities of political development. Facilities and capacities that the main issue is to implement them. For this purpose, using the method of network content analysis, themes related to political development in the constitution have been identified and analyzed. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its emphasis on concepts such as the sovereignty of the people during the reign of God, the oversight of all pillars of sovereignty, effective political participation, the provision of socio-political freedoms and the promotion of public awareness, provides the legal basis for political development that must be accepted and acted upon by the government and the people.

In democratic system, election results indicate the rate of the governing utility and originality of election-oriented mechanisms in consolidation of national sovereignty and reflection of public will. In this regard, majority rule plays an important role in actualization of democratic ideals and collective decision-making. Aiming at analysis on influencing the majority rule in accessing to the highly meaningful and original representation, guaranteeing the concept of national sovereignty, notion of polyphonicism in governing, investigation on election-oriented system and the results of 11th Iranian Parliament in conformity with principles and utile election-oriented rules and majority rule, the current paper has been conducted. The gained results emanated from topic analysis and extraction of data by resorting to the statistical, descriptive and analytical method demonstrates that the voting system of the Iranian Parliament, due to employing heterogeneous method of voting leading to low rate of participation and also low rate of the highly meaningful representation criterion, cannot be indicator of real representation, national will symbol and synthesis of all social beneficiaries. The results also indicate that the 11th Parliament has not been shaped in conformity with majority rule and meaningful representation. Consequently, for maximizing people participation and paving way of just competition, the election system should be revised.

By sociological Paradigm Shift and the emergence of new sub-national and transnational actors, novel patterns like Quantum theory can explain modern activism's logic. Based on Quantum theory, sub-national actor's behavior may have a high impact at the macro levels. Due to the irreplaceability of the phenomena, this impact may produce a series of domino effects. The Quantum method is practiced as an interdisciplinary approach and a combination of descriptive-cognitive-discourse methodology to analyze civil society's situation in Iran. Furthermore, according to Quantum theory, the question is raised: what is civil society's status in the Islamic Republic? The Quantum analysis of civil society in the I.R. of Iran proves that in the last two decades, under the influence of "new methods and network communication, irreplaceability, uncertainty, and entanglement," the actors have experienced many changes and fluctuations. As a result, a kind of social Quantum mutation is taking place. Like the effects of a genetic mutation, it imposes unintended consequences on the society. It can lead to an abnormal state in the short term and social collapse in the medium term.

The nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran and North Korea is one of the most challenging issues facing the international community so far. The two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and North Korea, which are located in two sensitive and strategic regions of the Middle East and the Far East, are countries whose nuclearization process has been accompanied by a strong reaction from the international community from the very beginning.Therefore, the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran and North Korea is being followed with special sensitivity by major and rival powers such as the United States, Russia and China, organizations, media and news agencies. This can be attributed to the conflicting interests and policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and North Korea with Western countries. In view of the above, the authors of this article have tried to describe and explain that a comparative study of this trend shows the application of discriminatory treatment and the use of double standards by major powers such as the United States, Russia and China, as well as the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Atomic Energy and the Security Council. This indicates that this approach is influenced by the economic and strategic interests of the great world powers.

At the same time , with the colonial invasion of West Asia in the 19th century , the countries of the continent achieved modernization of their institutions and structures , which both Persia and Japan were excluded . Nevertheless , both countries resorted to modernization and reform by government officials or " revolution from above " for a variety of reasons , including the weakness of the newly built forces and classes in the pre - capitalist society . Unlike Iran , Japan has succeeded in experiencing a development and revolution transition from the top by leading the state within the framework of capitalism . the main necessity of this study is to answer the main concern of thinkers , political activists and researchers interested in development issues in iran . The main question in this paper is why Iran failed to advance modernization and reform in comparison to Japan , which has a successful pattern in this regard . It seems that the main causes of Japan 's success in rebuilding from the top in comparison to Iran in the institutions and political structures - the feudal social structures inherited from the government , and the reasons for the failure of reconstruction from the top in Iran in the patriarchal political - political structures of the past , which led to the historical weakness of the new ones in this country and the lack of reform of reform by these classes to the original and inclusive modernity .

With the emergence of neoliberal policies since the early 1980s, many countries have sought development in the form of these policies. In the meantime, the policy of structural adjustment as a cornerstone of economic neoliberalism has been implemented in many countries, including Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and consequences of structural adjustment during construction, especially its impact on economic misery indexes. The method used was library-documents. Both the unemployment rate and the inflation rate were used to calculate the misery index, and the economy and price liberalization policy were used as the basis of the structural adjustment policy. The results showed that the misery index was associated with growth from the first period to the end of the construction period, indicating the deterioration of the economy of the country, with misery rate reaching 17.4% in 1989 and 58.5% in 1995, indicating that the country It is witnessing a hyperinflation and a critical unemployment rate. Other negative consequences of structural adjustment policies include rising inflation (from 17.4% to 49.4%) that the sudden deregulation of prices and cuts in government support for the low-income strata have in fact reduced the purchasing power of the population and exacerbated pressure on the population. Salaries fixed ». The share of agriculture in GDP rose from 23.5% in 1989 to 20.8% in 1993. Total household food expenditures grew by 67% between 1970 and 72, and overall imports of indigent, luxurious lifestyles, non-productive sector growth such as intermediation grew.

Partnership is the foundation of development. Development without participation in today's world is losing its meaning. Political participation means the power of citizens to influence political, executive, and political-social power. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question of what social factors influenced the political participation of Ilam citizens?

The research method is survey (quantitative). Timely: Cross-sectional, wide-ranging and practical. The population of the study consisted of 384 individuals who were selected through Cochran formula and distributed among the citizens using stratified random cluster sampling. The questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire and its validity and reliability were confirmed and confirmed.

Pearson test showed significant consistency coefficient between political trust (0.481), socio-political cohesion (0.445), socio-political awareness (0.548), tribal affiliation (0.379), traditionalism (0.408), Religious affiliation (0.259), relative deprivation (0.201), mass media consumption (0.643), factional-political affiliation (0.465) and reference patterns (0.481) were associated with political participation. Finally, the multiple correlation coefficient is 0.749, the coefficient of explanation is 0.561 and the correction coefficient is 0.549.

Since the beginning of the war, part of the Islamic Republic's social policy has focused on war compensation for the families of the combatants.To what extent has the social policy of the sacrifices been successful in meeting its goals and responding to the needs of the sacrifices?One way to evaluate social policy is to ask the target group < br>In this research, twenty-three wives of forced martyrs living in Tehran were interviewed semi-structured.The data collected were coded in three dimensions: policy content, method of implementation, and results.The findings show that the social policy of the martyrs' spouses is inadequate and does not consider problems such as aging, recreational and communication needs, assistance and counseling.In the implementation of policies, there is discrimination and lack of coordination between the various agencies and the lack of target audience of the Martyr Foundation.The results show that these policies are inadequate while meeting some of the needs of the martyrs' wives and left the interviewees feeling dissatisfied and worried about their future and their children.

This research explores the endogenous development in cities of Chabahar and Konarak based on three dimensions of national integration, international competitiveness and regional identity through descriptive-analytical method. The findings show that in the absence of an endogenous development roadmap and continued uncertainty, a substantial portion of the region's benefits remain unused under current conditions and will be the driving force behind the continued poverty and retardation. The weakness in air, land and sea transport infrastructures has led not only to more isolation of the region, but also less success in exploitation of its geostrategic advantages, especially the export of goods overseas. Based on the findings of this study the most important challenges are impracticality of Indian investment in the region, which may further weakens the region's transit and geopolitical position in the future, lack of a clear approach to attract indigenous people to participate, which has resulted in frustration disappointment and weakness of social capital in the region.

This research aims to make a cultural policy in national and international sport tourism development regarding the improvement of Iran’s international political-cultural portrait and increasing the revenue of the industry. This is a mixed method research and a practical one considering its aim. The target population of qualitative part of the study is a set of 16 sport and cultural policy making experts which are chosen based on snow ball method due to the maturity of related literature. The target population of quantitative part of the study is a set of 135 experts which are employees of tourism or sport and youth organizations of national provinces. The data gathering methods are interview and questionnaire. The interviews introduced a list of factors in sport tourism development policy making which were categorized in 4 groups. Then these factors were examined quantitatively and the final cultural policy making model including tourism attractiveness, environmental attractiveness, attraction variety and cultural factors is represented. Results showed that it is necessary to build and equip sport tourism centers in different climatic regions of the country to host domestic and foreign tourists and sport teams. Also trying to legislate to support domestic and foreign sport tourism investors is significant.

Political behaviors are undeniable in today's organizations, which due to the positive and negative effects on the performance and productivity of organizations, has been increasingly considered by experts and researchers. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the formation and occurrence of political behaviors of employees in government organizations in a qualitative manner using the Delphi technique. First, based on the literature, studies and results of previous research and conversations with experts, an initial arrangement based on the proposed factors, components and indicators is designed and based on it, a questionnaire (open and closed) is prepared and using Delphi method in three rounds for opinion polls. It was provided to 20 scientific experts (Delphi panel). The results at the end of the Delphi three cycles and using Kendall coordination coefficient showed that four factors including organizational characteristics with 10 components and 30 indicators, individual characteristics with 7 components and 22 indicators, environmental characteristics with 4 components and 12 indicators And the characteristics of organizational culture and relationship with 5 components and 15 indicators have a significant relationship with the formation and occurrence of political behaviors. The results showed that organizational characteristics have the most important role in the occurrence of political behaviors and individual characteristics, environment and organizational culture are important in the next categories, respectively.

The different sects of Islam, both theological and jurisprudential sects, are different because of their particular rules, and this has led them to have different views, to the extent that they sometimes conflict because of the differences in basics and it is very difficult to integrate them. Particularly in the case of the government and the society, which, of course, after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), it has become more controversial, but at the same time, considering the views of scholars of different Islamic schools carefully, their points of agreement can be reached. Therefore, the existence of the Islamic state after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), the subjugation of the ruler of society to such features as justice and knowledge of the law, the attendance and no separation between religion and politics, the duty of governor in establishment of justice in the society and implementation of religious regula11tions and leading the government to establish a civil society by the promised leadership (Mahdism) in the end time (resurrection) are among the most common of Islamic sects and religions, although there are disagreements in their details.

 The present study seeks to investigate the role of oil in the social structure of Khuzestan province. The method of the present study is descriptive quantitative-qualitative, so part of the data collection method in the study can be referred to the books and works of other researchers. He used research in this field that was done for the province. In addition, the interviewed data were asked by experts and officials in the province regarding how to use the role of oil in the social and economic structure. Qualitative data with a lot of quantitative data on the analysis of economic and social structure has been done through indexing, for this purpose, statistics and tables and various graphs of that part of the social feature that can be quantitatively presented. We also use. In other words, it can be said that part of the qualitative analysis of this research is based on quantitative data and some quantitative analysis is based on qualitative data. The results showed that oil can have an actual and potential role on the social structure of Khuzestan province.

Safavid Iran was a period of significant political and religious change. These changes led to the emergence of a new structure in institutions, institutions and social classes that did not exist before or took on a Safavid character with changes. The Safavids inherited the civilizational and cultural heritage of the Iranian society before them and changed it in some cases and in some cases added new elements to it. Thus, the political and cultural structure of Safavid Iran created a series of sometimes profound changes in Iranian society. کرد. The most important period for creating the necessary bases for the interaction and cooperation of various social classes with the government was in Safavid Iran during the reign of Shah Abbas I. During this period, extensive relations were formed with the government between the four institutions of the clergy, the tribes, the farmers, the merchants and the bureaucrats. The Safavid rule was based on a combination of tribal forces and ideological power. The tribes were initially considered an influential role in power. With the establishment of central power and the legitimacy of the government, attention to the ulema increased and new forces entered the government apparatus. Accordingly, the present study will examine the interaction of social classes with the institution of power and government in the Safavid period.

Actions such as protest, turmoil, rebellion are often shaped by acts such as social, political, cultural, economic failures and failures. These actions, sometimes peaceful and sometimes with destruction, damage and undermine public safety, Typically, an announcement of dissatisfaction with the status quo is aimed at opposing the rule or changing it. Although the substrates of the three categories are identical, But from the criminal point of view, they have the same essence. As the jurisprudence and the law look different in their case. As a result, peaceful protest rallies are not basically a crime, But also a legitimate right. Security-disruptive actions are also graded And they are different in terms of grounds for criminalization. The conspiracy of Pasargadae, viewed from the viewpoint of public security custodians, was considered to be hideous and deviant And, from the perspective of the stewards of that civil protest, it is one of the actions that necessitate a criminological analysis. And should be studied in an impartial study. This research is an attempt in the same direction as trying to delimit the above titles, Turn your situation on.

Informing the consumer is the duty of producers and suppliers and the rights of consumers; Because today there are complex goods on the market that the consumer is often unfamiliar with how to use them, and no one except experts can use these goods optimally and predict their risks. . Therefore, they are required to provide technical and specialized information. The jurisprudential principles confirm the necessity of providing information and by relying on it, the wrongdoer can be held responsible. One of these principles is the rule of pride. The research findings show that pride is not limited to the knowledge of the caveman and in any case he is responsible. Because the knowledge or ignorance of a person has no effect on the responsibility that is a situational ruling. A person's silence is a deception on his part. In this way, silence in the deceptive act strengthens the nature of pride; Because by his silence about the dangers and hidden defects of his product, he has caused the uninformed consumer to fall victim to the act and as a result suffer losses.

Cryptocurrencies have the advantage of being able to facilitate exchanges more than any other means of pre-payment and overcome a wide range of barriers to financial and trade exchanges. However, in order to remove obstacles, it is necessary to maintain order and security so that every emerging phenomenon is subject to a system and legal framework, and as much as possible tries to avoid its possible abnormal effects while enjoying its benefits. Cryptocurrencies, because of their characteristics, can make a huge difference in the system of financial and commercial transactions, overcome many limitations, and at the same time face the existing financial and banking system with wide-ranging challenges. These challenges can occur not only in financial and business relationships, but also pose a threat to other aspects of human life. In such a situation, due to the formation of numerous lawsuits resulting from the transfer, sale or exchange of these currencies, it is necessary that the rules of procedure and regulations governing the design, filing and advancement of lawsuits and enforcement of court rulings, according to the requirements and The requirements for the ciphers should be considered and, if necessary, the existing regulations should be adapted and the necessary amendments should be made to the existing laws.

God has created great blessings and blessings for human beings in the nature of nature and has called on them to give thanks for these blessings and protect them. Therefore, human beings must do their best to maintain and exploit it properly. Plants, forests and pastures are some of the most beneficial and beautiful effects and members of the magnificent body of nature that meet many human needs. They are among the most important soil protection agents. In this way, human beings must recognize the value of forests and pastures, and strive to preserve and grow them, and to avoid any incorrect and immature productivity. Undoubtedly, the preservation of Anfal and public wealth, as well as the management of exploitation in the public interest, have been emphasized in hadiths and narrations. Inquire about this. The existing laws in the constitution, the Islamic Penal Code, and the laws on the protection and protection of natural resources confirm this, as well as the need to preserve forests and pastures in domestic and international documents.

The present study was conducted to provide a comprehensive model for promoting the scientific honesty of students in open universities in Ardabil province. The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population of this research is in the qualitative section of higher education specialists active in the free universities of Ardabil province. Targeted sampling method using snowball technique and theoretical saturation criterion was used in semi-structured interviews with 20 experts. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research was all active students studying in the free universities of Ardabil province in the first semester of the academic year 1999-00. A total of 384 samples were selected from each statistical population using Morgan table using relative class sampling method. The method of data collection in the quantitative part of the questionnaire is researcher-made. Regarding determining the validity of the questionnaire, the researcher has used the assistance and consensus of experts in this field. The initial reliability of the questionnaire questions using Cronbach's alpha method was confirmed at 90%. To examine the objectives and questions of Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, binomial test, Wilcoxon test, KMO test, Bartlett and confirmatory factor analysis method; Dimensions and components were ranked based on standard coefficients and to determine the validity and appropriateness of the designed model, convergent validity (AVE) and divergent validity indices (Fornell and Larker), combined reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha were used.

In the penal system, the legislature has provided for circumstances under which certain offenses may be committed by the offender multiple times, or multiple offenses may have been committed during the formation of a process of criminal activity. In this case, according to the text of the law, it is necessary to provide the possibility of investigating each of the crimes and the penalties provided in case of interference should not prevent infiltration. The present article deals with the conditions of interference of punishments in case of multiple crimes in Iranian criminal law with a descriptive-analytical approach. According to the results of this study, the concept of multiple offenses should be recognized based on the fact that the accused has committed more than one crime, while the condition for the correctness and reality of such a concept is that the defendant has not been tried before in any court. None of these crimes have been prosecuted. Therefore, it seems that crimes committed by a single individual over a long period of time can not be considered as a valid example of multiple crimes and talk about the interference of punishments. Although the multiplicity of crimes has a direct effect on the issue of repetition of punishments, but the mere multiplicity of crimes can not be considered as effective in increasing or increasing the punishment; However, according to the legislator, the number of crimes can be directly related to the number of punishments and specifically affect it.

AbstractThe globalization of criminal law in the present age has led to the development of important issues in the field of international criminal law, such as: global jurisdiction, the mechanism of global cooperation in crime prevention and, most importantly, the detection, prosecution, prosecution and fight against global crime. This event, which is one of the obvious consequences of globalization and the development of liberalism, in turn has affected the formal criminal laws of most countries; On the other hand, in the face of formal criminal regulations, countries can accelerate or even stop the process of globalization of criminal law.This research has been done by descriptive and analytical methods and the analysis of the obtained information will be qualitative and based on the researcher's inference from sources and texts. The results indicate that the principles of globalization of formal criminal law have led to the unification of some principles of criminal procedure in the domestic law of most countries, which indicates the emergence of globalization in this area, but the rules governing domestic criminal law, from the global connection of criminal law to It also slows down the globalization of criminal law.Keywords: globalization, globalization, formal criminal law, criminal procedure

Determining punishment is very important in deliberate and purposeful criminal policy. A review of ta'z .r thefts reveals that in the Iranian legal system, there is no specific logic in determining the punishment for such crimes, and in these crimes, there are many disproportionate punishments in terms of type and amount and ineffective in achieving the goals. Clichéd and irregular punishments not only fail to achieve the purposes of punishment, but also have adverse and adverse effects on the offender. Determining the appropriate punishment and its optimal degree that is most effective is a very complex matter and requires attention to many criteria. This article emphasizes that the legislator in ta'zیریr thefts before any matter should determine its main purpose of punishment and choose its type according to that purpose and according to the legal, philosophical, political and sociological principles. To impose a penalty. Regarding the amount of punishment, the legislator should pay attention to the ease and benefits of committing theft, the black figure of crime, the generality of the crime and the connection between theft and other crimes, and at the same time in order to individualize the punishment and increase the positive effect of punishment Leave the punishment open.

The purpose of this study is designing a model of professional development in improving the human resources of the Social Security Organization.The research method is a mixed(qualitative-quantitative)exploratory method,which in the qualitative part, it contains qualitative content analysis and the quantitative part is survey.The statistical population of this study consists of all experts in the field of human resources and education of the Social Security Organization.The statistical sample in the qualitative section includes11 experts of the Social Security Organization in the field of human resource management and education who has been selected by snowball sampling method and in the quantitative part,it consists of all employees of Social Security Organization and the number of282people who are selected by stratified random sampling according to the research community.The instrumentation research in qualitative part is semi-structured interview and in quantitative part, is questionnaire.The questionnaire items includes of 46 items according to Likert five-choice range.The method of analysis of interview data in the qualitative part,open,coded and selective coding in MAXQDA software and in the quantitative part, the method of structural-interpretive from Smart pls equations has been selected.Findings of the research in the qualitative section show the extraction of 312 open codes with 2main categories of human resource improvement(12core codes)and professional development(34core codes).The results in the quantitative part of the research also show that improving the effectiveness and efficiency and improving the quality are the most influential at the first level and leadership style,learning organization and specialized training,the eleventh level variables are the most effective model variables

The main purpose of establishing legal mitigation of punishment from the beginning in line with the principle of individualization of punishments and correction and rehabilitation of criminals and preparing them to enter society and prevent recurrence of crime and keep non-professional criminals away from professional criminals in Imprisonment also reduces the burden on prisoners and avoids miscellaneous costs without social benefits. Achieving this goal will not be achieved except by passing the appropriate laws and the accurate and correct implementation of the mentioned laws by the judges of the courts of first instance, appellate courts and execution judges. In the meantime, the method used by judges in applying mitigation and conversion rules has been discussed in various cases, in such a way that in many courts in Iran, various procedures are applied in this case, which causes Public opinion is disturbed and people and jurists are confused. Therefore, by examining the obstacles and problems in the implementation of the legal establishment of mitigation of punishment, one of the important issues that can be effective in reducing the recurrence of crime and also reducing the criminal population is mitigation of punishment.In this article, with the aim of explaining the current situation, the laws passed since 1304 and their disadvantages and advantages, as well as the legal establishment of mitigation of punishment, principles and strategies of mitigation of punishment from the perspective of judicial procedure as a method and tool to achieve Will be analyzed for the purpose of the legislature.

Governance is the process of decision-making and its implementation, and one of the principles of governance in classical texts is advice or policy-making, by which the ways and means of maintaining the authority and legitimacy of political power are explained and presented, in which Much attention has been paid to the management and regulation of affairs and the relationship between citizens and rulers. In fact, political advice deals with how political systems work and the influence of factors in the production and distribution of political power, and what is the best way to maintain power. Therefore, the research seeks to understand the principles of governance in the classical texts of Eastern and Western political thought, especially the "letter" of Tensor Machiavelli's "Shahriar". In Tensor's view, the adjustment of religion and politics in the relationship between society and the ruler, and the extremism and support of authoritarian rule have always been emphasized by Machiavelli, and the results show that Tensor and Machiavelli aim in governance-related policies to provide a behavioral idea. It is appropriate for the government to gain and keep high power alive.

The issue of tolerance and intra-religious lenity is one of the issues that play an important role in more cohesion of different Islamic groups and currents, and it is also of great importance in the present age due to the widespread violence arising from religious understanding. This doubles the need to study the viewpoints of famous scholars and Islamologists who have taken a special approach in this regard. One of these scholars and scientists is Imam Abu Hanifa, the famous jurist and theologian of Kufa and the founder of the Hanafi religion, one of the four religions of the Sunnis. The present study examines tolerance in Abu Hanifa's political thought. This research is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of nature and it has collected information using the library method. The results showed that in addition to the importance of intra-religious tolerance in Abu Hanifa's political thought is important, his approaches in the field of faith, rationalism, Morjea’s theory, custom and free-thinking idea have played an effective role on tolerance and intra-religious lenity. In fact, Abu Hanifa's interpretation of the concept of faith was different from the one given by violent groups such as the Khawarij. On the other hand, his views on the concept of opinion, the use of reason, the emphasis on rationalism, attention to reasoning in thought, as well as attention to custom and its effect on inference from jurisprudence, formed a kind of tolerance in his thought, which has been influential on the Muslims consensus.

Numerous factors can influence the creation and continuation of a concept, which vary from one society to another according to the conditions prevailing in that society. Iranian society during the constitutional era was also influenced by conditions that had long ruled Iran, such as the type of system of government, type of livelihood, land tenure and popular culture. With the establishment of the constitutional system and the formation of the constitution and the equality of all members of society before the law, it was expected that the view of the general public would change, but by examining the sources of the constitutional period, we see the continued use of the word common people. We are properties and a low value view of the masses. Therefore, in this study, the factors affecting the continuity of the vulgar and low value view of the general public in the constitutional period are examined using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study indicate that the use of the word "commoners" against the properties and low value view of the general public has been due to the lack of change in the political, economic and cultural position of the masses and the constitutional revolution in changing the type. Looking at the common people and creating value for them as an Iranian nation has not been successful.

Modernization and collapse in Iran 1341-1357; Study of social and economic reflections of development plans in Iran Abstract:Iran experienced a new chapter of social formation between 1341 and 1357. During this period, the social structure of Iran underwent a profound change rapidly with the help of huge oil revenues. These critical developments in the social and economic structure of Iran prepared the ground for the collapse of the Pahlavi government and the emergence of the Islamic Revolution in 1978. The present article examines the developments of Iran's two decades of modernization with emphasis on the Fifth Development Plan and seeks to answer this question with a historical research method based on the description and analysis of data. What have been the consequences of implementing Iran's development programs? To answer this question, it is assumed that the Pahlavi government, as a result of incomplete social and economic modernization and patterns related to socio-economic crises in Iran, fueled the collapse and Revolution.

The religion of Islam, due to its knowledge of man and his existential dimensions, has included teachings in its teachings that, due to some negligence, it has not been able to be used as it deserves. ازOne of the rich Islamic sources in the field of law, especially public law, is the blessed book of Nahj al-Balaghah, which by studying it line by line, we will gain deep and profound meanings that can be used for humanity after the Holy Quran and the precious words of Khatam the Prophet (PBUH). Be a huge resource. Public rights and the connection of citizens with the power structure in Nahj al-Balaghah are manifested in such a way that it can be boldly claimed that no Islamic source has dealt with this issue so much from Ghana. In other words, careful consideration is given to the contents of this book, that the combination of morality and government is not impossible. It must be acknowledged that public rights have been of great importance and importance in the view of Imam Ali (as). Hence, in Nahj al-Balaghah, the relationship between the individual and the government has expanded. In this way, many concepts such as individual, government, citizen, ethics, society, etc. are related. The main question in this article is: What is the position and role of the principles of public law in Nahj al-Balaghah? We are looking for the answer in a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary sources.

The "future of work" has become a major concern in global governance. The destructive potential of technological change has given rise to widespread international debate that focuses on a movement called the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The International Labor Organization (ILO) since 2015 and within the framework of its "Future of Labor" initiative, by placing the theme of "Future of Work" at the center of its activities and adopting a normative approach and choosing a concept developed in this initiative, entitled "Human Agenda" Axis aims to harmonize technological change with decent work and social justice. This article examines the creation of a "human-centered agenda" led by the International Labor Office and the World Commission on the Future of Labor, and provides a legal analysis of the challenges and conflicting views of tripartite social partners in preparing the ILO 100th Anniversary Statement (2019). In particular, it shows how the employer group, along with right-wing populist governments, shifted the "human-centered agenda" to a pro-employer perspective, thus framing workers' protectionist social policies as a means of adapting the workforce to technological change.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the foundation hypothesis planning on the field of information technology, aerospace technology and biotechnology in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since in this study, the questions of the PAMFA project have been used. Therefore, the researcher, relying only on the method described in that project, has considered the method of identifying experts based on the participatory introduction method suitable for the study, although the main focus of this study is Credible futures for up to 1404 include a long-term futureThe purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the foundation hypothesis planning on the field of information technology,. The foundation hypothesis planning represents a kind of analysis for different policies and situations (uncertainties), which are: Ineffective situations Transition: Dual situations ((open space or information exchange control)) do not lead to the success or failure of any particular policy; and policies are designed regardless of whether or not those scenarios are met.

The purpose of this study is to provide a local model of organizational accountability with a public trust approach for managers of Iranian government organizations.Design / Methodology / Approach: In this research, the qualitative method of foundation data theory was used to present the native model. Then, CVI, CVR and CVI S-content validity indices were used to determine the validity of the themes and components of the model.

The results of this study lead to the identification of 95 codes with 31 themes and categories in the form of six dimensions: causal factors (5 themes), intervention factors (5 themes), contextual factors (5 themes), main phenomena (6 themes), strategies (6 Themes) and consequences and results (4 themes).

Although this study has provided a comprehensive and specific framework for the local model of organizational accountability of public sector managers based on the public trust approach, the importance and increasing the validity of these achievements requires field and experimental studies.

According to the findings, it can be said that the proposed indigenous model can increase its importance in the organizational accountability of government managers by emphasizing public trust.Initiative or value of the article: The initiative and value of the present article is that it has been able to provide a comprehensive framework for designing a local model in government organizations that is based on the opinion of experts and such a model does not exist in the research background.

The set of communication, economic and geostrategic values of the Strait of Hormuz have given it a special strategic position that is considered by the world powers. Each of them is trying to expand its authority and control over the Strait. Therefore, the issue of security and geopolitical management of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran is a discussion in the security structure of the region. Is. In such a way that if the stressors in the Strait of Hormuz become a serious threat and endanger Iran's security, security deterrence in the Persian Gulf is related to Iran's security of energy passage through the Strait of Hormuz. In this regard, the question of the present study is that the geopolitical management of the Strait of Hormuz in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, what are the political and economic consequences on the security of the Persian Gulf? The hypothesis of this study states that the Strait of Hormuz can play a military and defensive role to avoid the invasion of supra-regional forces and will be used by the Islamic Republic of Iran as a point of pressure on the global economy (if its interests are in crisis). Given the dependence of world powers on the oil of the Persian Gulf, cutting off oil from this strait will inflict an irreparable blow on their economy.

The issue of security is one of the most important issues in the field of international relations and experts have expressed different views on achieving and maintaining it. The Middle East region is a source of many challenges in terms of security, in which various internal and external factors can be considered. Challenges such as terrorism and organized crime in the Middle East, the Iraq-Iran war, the Persian Gulf War, the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, al-Qaeda, 9/11, and US military action, the rise of ISIS, and Israel have had a profound effect. Iraq's political crises after the fall of Saddam Hussein to understand security issues in the Middle East and Iraq can shed light on the various dimensions of these crises. The role of regional powers such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, whose relations are sometimes competitive and sometimes hostile, is crucial in the Middle East crisis, especially in Iraq. The US and Russia are present directly in the Middle East, and US support for the Iraqi Kurds has contributed to the country's security. Accordingly, this article intends to study the issue of security and its impact on regional crises, especially in Iraq, in a descriptive-analytical manner.

China has taken foreign policy initiatives to expand its sphere of influence and influence in other regions, one of which is the revitalization of the New Silk Road. The new Silk Road project was officially announced in 2013 by Chinese President Xi Jinping. China's foreign policy will increase in the region. Take the initiative for Iran and evaluate its consequences and try to answer the question: What are the consequences of the Belt-China initiative for Iran's interests in the Middle East? China Belt is provided by developing the infrastructure of trade and cultural interactions in the region, attracting foreign investment, helping to expand regional security, and Iran's economic and strategic interests, both domestically and regionally.Keywords: Belt-Road Initiative, China Foreign Policy, Middle East, Islamic Republic of Iran Interests, Security.China Belt is provided by developing the infrastructure of trade and cultural interactions in the region, attracting foreign investment, helping to expand regional security, and Iran's economic and strategic interests, both domestically and regionally.Keywords: Belt-Road Initiative, China Foreign Policy, Middle East, Islamic Republic of Iran Interests, Security

Student organizations can be considered as an organization and group that are influenced by the political currents in a country. These organizations are able to shape the political, social and cultural activities in a society and on the other hand are influenced by these factors. In the meantime, the student organization of the Office for the Consolidation of Unity and the Islamic Society of Students are among the prominent organizations in Iran. The present study tries to answer the question with an analytical-comparative approach that in what areas can the harms of the student organizations of the Office of Consolidation and the Islamic Society be examined? Findings show that the pathology of student organizations in three areas (politicization, strategy change, political influence, monopoly and monopoly), psychological (overcoming emotions over rationality, hesitation in intellectual cohesion, and personality weakness), social And cultural (managerial weakness and idealism and financial issues). Finally, it can be stated that the injuries of student organizations in Iran are of the type of fundamental injuries and in order to achieve the goals of these organizations, it is necessary to change their laws and statutes and make fundamental changes. To.

The present study seeks to analyze the limits of the authority of the guardians in murder with an approach to the views of Imam Khomeini, Ayatollah Khoei, the owner of jewelry and relevant Iranian laws, with the aim of examining the jurisprudential opinions of this group of religious scholars in order to obtain funds. Their jurisprudential and ijtihad opinions have been shared and differentiated and they have been complied with the relevant Iranian laws. The research method of this research is based on library studies and descriptive and analytical. The sharing of the opinions of these jurists is related to the Qur'anic meanings and the citation of valid and beneficial narrations. It is their kind of look. The results of the study showed that the appointment of a guardian under the title of those who inherit the right of retribution, with the exception of the couple who are excluded from it due to the verses of the monarchy and consensus, and the lack of retribution for the father to kill the child and no inheritance پدرAcceptance of the father from his murder, preference of the theory of determining retribution in premeditated murder, conciliation of the guardian with the killer at least and most of the predestined diyat in premeditated murder, specification of the guarantee of diyat by some parents without the permission The heir agrees to specify the guarantee of blood money in quasi-premeditated murders and pure error, and to accept the guarantee of the wise in murder.

The study of the assumptions of theories of international relations in relation to the component of power and the challenges posed to the facts of international relations have theoretically continued to be of interest to international relations thinkers. No effective research has been done from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an in this regard. What about power? Hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that theories of international relations focus more on the material factors of power, and its constituents and assumptions on the material and immaterial factors of power with the precedence of intangible factors over material factors. The method of the present research is explanatory-analytical and documentary and the method of collecting it is based on the library method, taking notes from first-hand sources and texts, specialized articles and quarterly journals related to the research topic. In terms of ontology and epistemology, the Holy Quran has the ability to fill the existing epistemological gap. Therefore, the Qur'anic assumptions of international relations, contrary to the theories of international relations, which believe in objective assumptions and some subjective, tangible and intangible assumptions, the Qur'anic assumptions are each, however, with priority and precedence of spiritual, intellectual and voluntary assumptions over material assumptions. Gives tangible meaning.

God has created great blessings and blessings for human beings in the nature of nature and has called on them to give thanks for these blessings and protect them. Therefore, human beings must do their best to maintain and exploit it properly. Plants, forests and pastures are some of the most beneficial and beautiful effects and members of the magnificent body of nature that meet many human needs. They are among the most important soil protection agents. In this way, human beings must recognize the value of forests and pastures, and strive to preserve and grow them, and to avoid any incorrect and immature productivity. Undoubtedly, the preservation of Anfal and public wealth, as well as the management of exploitation in the public interest, have been emphasized in hadiths and narrations. Inquire about this. The existing laws in the constitution, the Islamic Penal Code, and the laws on the protection and protection of natural resources confirm this, as well as the need to preserve forests and pastures in domestic and international documents.

In our country, the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and the Law on the Implementation of this Principle have been approved by the Expediency Council and the Islamic Consultative Assembly to implement the privatization program and are being implemented. Achieving private goals۔ Privatization is not provided for in these laws and in the process of privatization, economic corruption, and sometimes we are witnessing the loss and desire of government property during the transfers. It seems that the solution to some of these economic problems is the adoption of legislative, judicial and executive strategies in support of the economic system, while it seems that many of these behaviors can be assigned with the same civil responses, compensation and disciplinary punishment. Now, in the form of criminalization of behaviors, although many procedures have been criminalized contrary to the principles and rules of business, but the dispersion of laws and the lack of a comprehensive law on criminalization are among the main drawbacks of this criminal control.

In today's world, there is no escape from interaction and diplomacy is one of the most important tools to achieve interaction. The purpose of this article is to explain the role of diplomacy in strengthening international security, explain the distinctive features and indicators of Borjam (nuclear) diplomacy with other diplomacies, the consequences and achievements of Borjam diplomacy in the development and establishment of international security, review of indicators and criteria Diplomacy is Barjam (nuclear). In this article, we seek to answer the question of what effect and role does diplomacy play in strengthening international security? Borjam diplomacy eliminated the risk of a major armed conflict in the region and thus strengthened stability, regional and international security. During the long negotiations, the view prevailed that the most appropriate way out of this situation is to cooperate with Iran. Burjam is of great military and political importance because it eliminates the risk of a conflict that could take on an international dimension. In this regard, using a descriptive-analytical method, we came to the conclusion that the Islamic Republic of Iran was able, with the acceptance of Borjam, to gain the trust of the great powers and the International Atomic Energy Agency to confirm the peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program. Regional and international security led to the fight against ISIS and terrorism.

Islam, as a comprehensive religion, in addition to expressing fixed rules, has also expressed variable rules and has considered the changing material and spiritual interests and corruptions and pursues public interests in line with religious goals and objectives. Therefore, expediency has a special place in Shiite jurisprudence; In a way that affects both the individual behaviors of people and forms the political, social and family system. What has been examined in this article is the study of the role of expediency and corruption in limiting and developing family rules. According to this descriptive-analytical study, it can be concluded that some cases of this law can be criticized and some It is also one of its distinctive points on issues such as: the concept of expediency, the expediency of custody of the child in the first seven years of life by the mother, the expediency of the right to divorce for men, the expediency of inequality of inheritance between men and womenBeen paid. The result is that the government can solve many of the problems of women in the field of jurisprudence in the light of expediency and enact appropriate law. Peaceful thinking reviewed the rules of jurisprudence. However, it is not the case that the least possible revision of any of the rules of jurisprudence is not possible and the way to any revision and change is blocked. Because in some cases, by trusting in the Shari'a texts or definite evidences,

In its foreign policy doctrine, Israel attaches great importance to Central Asia and the Caucasus. Among these countries, the Republic of Azerbaijan is more important to Israel than other countries. Given this, the main question is that what effect has Israel's foreign relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan had on the political and security dimension of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the years 2011 to 2020? According to the main question, it has been hypothesized that the main basis of Israel's cooperation with the Republic of Azerbaijan in the political and security dimension during 2011-2020 will be the expansion of relations with this country in order to act on the periphery, which is the national security of the Islamic Republic. Has threatened Iran. Findings show that Israel's relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan from 2011 to 2020 in the political dimension by establishing spy bases and intelligence threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran and reducing Iran's influence in the region and in the military and security dimension by strengthening relations The military and security have posed a major threat to the country's national security. The research method in this dissertation is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies that try to analyze the data using Stephen Walt's threat balance theory.

The purpose of this study was to validate the model of sudden purchase behavior of customers in the service sector, which was validated using factor analysis approach and covariance-based modeling technique. The statistical population of this study included various real and legal customers who referred to Ofogh Kourosh stores in Tehran who went to the stores to buy. Of these, 384 people answered the questionnaire. The sampling method in the first stage was done in a cluster and stores were selected and in the second stage a questionnaire was given to customers to answer randomly. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire with 178 items in four dimensions and 46 components to assess the validity of the research instrument was the construct validity method and according to the qualitatively extracted factor network, the confirmatory factor analysis technique was used, in other words to assess validity. Factor Measurement tools The main research factor (design and validation of the model of customers' sudden buying behavior in the service sector) was the factor analysis approach and covariance-based modeling technique. The results of the study showed that the underlying causes and factors affect the strategies to increase purchases and strategies to reduce the negative consequences of sudden buying behavior.

The present study investigates the factors affecting the creation of a proper mental image of the brand in customers of electronic products. The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation. The statistical population of this study was all buyers, managers and experts in the electronics industry that because their number was unlimited, according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 384 people were selected as a sample. The sampling method in this study was first cluster random and then simple random method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. Research data were analyzed based on SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results show that the factors affecting the creation of a proper mental image of the brand in customers of electronic products include central conditions (brand personality and brand attitude), causal conditions (satisfaction, communication and modernity), interactive strategies (loyalty, emphasis on advertising, technology). And marketing), intervening conditions (product life cycle, customer, trust and satisfaction) and underlying factors (economic, political, social and cultural factors) as well as the structure of consequences (profit, increasing market share and branding).

With regard to the approved instructions and regulations by the judiciary in Iran's Judicial Criminal Policy, Execution of imprisonment can be considered as one of its most important achievements, which has been accompanied by developments in reducing the criminal population and facilitating imprisonment, and to some extent, it has been solved the problems related to imprisonment and deprivation and has been reduced the criminal population and has promised the legislator's determination in implementing this policy. Despite these positive actions, the implementation of this type of policies has been accompanied by deficiencies and shortcomings and in some cases we see the reluctance of judges to implement it, or the issuance of some of these regulations and instructions, instead of supplementing the previous regulations and instructions, they neutralize each other or sometimes do not agree with each other. This inconsistency has caused disorder and confusion among judges, meanwhile the attitude of some judges and the view of the majority of society are based on the punishment of criminal. In this article, while investigating the objections and obstacles by examining the instructions and regulations for the execution of imprisonment, we try to analyze the votes issued in this regard

Cooperation has a special place in Islam, and it is one of the important moral principles that is mentioned in the Qur'an in the form of command, and this shows its importance and value. Also, the basis of Islam is based on community and the principle of connection and connection of individuals with society. Cooperation and helping others bring people closer to each other and provide empathy and solidarity. Increasing solidarity and building strong bonds, which are achieved through cooperation in society, can have undeniable effects in preventing many crimes. In other words, the amount of emotional support, information and material that a person receives from others, helps to strengthen the connection between the individual and society. Finding support and a sense of supportive resources will be effective in strengthening attachment, commitment, and belief in the values ​​of society, and these elements are key components in the theory of social control of crime. Therefore, the present study tries to investigate the relationship between these components and the theory of social control of crime by descriptive-analytical method.

The history of schools varies from country to country. There was education in ancient Iran. Also during the Achaemenid period, education took place in the family, near religious centers and the court. There was court education during the Sassanids and Jundishapur University was established during the reign of Ardeshir Babakan. From the beginning of the fourth century and during the fifth century AH, there were changes in the educational organization of Iran. In this way, the buildings of the mosques were taken out of their simple form, and in them, study areas and rooms for students of science were created, and gradually, schools were established near the mosques. It can now be seen that the only current concern is limited to the construction of schools in the style of the 1940s and 1350s with narrow corridors and a series of rooms called classrooms, without any other educational spaces such as laboratory, sports, research and chat space. And the dialogue that the current trend has caused the lack of interest and motivation of our children in educational environments and nature to study science in these spaces. In Meditation and Punishment, Michelle radically criticizes and questions the structure of schools by saying that they resemble prisons. This may be familiar to us; Those corridors and classrooms on both sides are very similar to penitentiaries or prisons, while in ancient Iran we had mosque-schools where life and education were integrated and how intimate and lively their architecture was.

Citizenship rights as the main document regulating the relations between the nation and the government are in fact a mixture of duties and responsibilities of citizens towards each other, the city and the government or the ruling powers of the country, as well as the rights and privileges that are the responsibility of city managers, government or In general, the ruling forces deal with citizenship rights in terms of the constitution and the legal system in Iran and the constitution to show the changes and developments of civil rights in the Iranian legal system and especially in the constitution from the past to the present. And draw a line against the idea that citizenship is a new phenomenon and originated in Western culture. For this purpose, by studying legal works as well as referring to authoritative sources and international laws, the basic principles of civil rights have been extracted and addressed, which are: equality and equality, security, fundamental freedoms, rights Litigation, the right to education and the right to social security. According to the author, citizenship rights are very complete and comprehensive, and although the Iranian constitution has made great progress in this regard compared to the past and the constitutional constitution, but what is currently considered in Iranian law and laws as citizenship rights There is still much room for improvement and it is hoped that the present work will be a prelude to further research in this area.

The annulment of joint stock companies is the result of various causes and actions that cause the legal life of the company being created to end and the previous status to be restored, ie before the formation of the company. This concept is present in all works and conditions resulting from the current invalidity. In this way, with the realization of the invalidity of the company, the actions taken are eliminated and the situation must be restored before taking these actions. Unlike termination, which has an effect only on the future, in void, actions taken in the past must also be justified and the responsibilities incurred or the damages incurred must be compensated. In the annulment of joint stock companies, the main officials are the founders of the company and its managers. In this way, after the liquidation of the company is realized, the persons whose actions were invalidated as a result of their actions may be held responsible for their actions and also be liable to their shareholders and third parties for their actions. During the liquidation of joint stock companies, the rights of shareholders and third parties are among the priorities of the legislature. In this research, an attempt has been made to pay special attention to the conditions of formation of joint stock companies, which are justified by the philosophy of revocation, and also to the effects of this invalidity.

The spread of infectious diseases is a serious threat to the security of human health in human societies. Therefore, taking care of the behavior of patients with infectious diseases, quarantine and restricting them and preventing the spread of the disease is one of the most important issues in the field of medical jurisprudence. In order to control and prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to pay attention to the civil and criminal liability of the transmitter. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method, states that the transmitter of the disease has civil and criminal responsibilities with conditions. Imami jurists have commented on the responsibility of one who infects another with a contagious disease based on the principles of impermissibility, abuse or deviation, and attribution, and in spite of each of them, hold the transmitter responsible for compensation. Regarding the responsibility of governments, it should be said that the government can use its power and authority to prevent the spread of infectious diseases to a large extent, and in case of negligence in performing its duties and responsibilities, it should be responsible for compensating the damages.

In recent decades, during the beginning of development and modernization programs and the introduction of modern values ​​in developing countries, the institution of the family has undergone fundamental changes. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the generational functional changes of the family in the context of development idealism in the city of Tabriz. This research has been done by a survey method among married people 18 years and older in Tabriz in 1399. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster and the sample size is estimated to be 600 people. Findings indicate that although the average or rate of family functions varies between different generations, but this difference is not statistically significant. This means that although the institution of the family has changed, the family is still of great importance to individuals. There is also a significant inverse correlation between developmental idealism and family functions between different generations. The coefficients of explanation obtained from the multiple regression test also indicate that the components of development idealism in the first generation are 0.28, in the second generation 0.35, in the third generation 0.38 and in the fourth generation 0.48 of variance or changes in family functions have explained.

The aim of this study was to investigate the social and economic consequences in earthquake-stricken areas of a case study of earthquake victims in western Kermanshah. The research method was survey. The statistical population is all people 18 years old and above in the cities of Sarpol-e Zahab and Thalas Babajani who received the most damage from the earthquake. Statistical sample Using Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method, 600 people affected by the earthquake in the west of Kermanshah province were selected as the statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The validity of the instrument was in the form of formal validity and corrections were made with the opinion of the professors. SPSS software was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire and Cronbach's formula was used to calculate it. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire factors proved to be a high level of reliability. Findings showed that the occurrence of earthquakes affects the feeling of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, destiny, feeling of economic security, job changes. Conclusion In order to reduce vulnerability, in addition to technical and engineering factors, socio-economic factors should also be seriously considered.

The purpose of this study is to identify the interactive principles of social capital for employees of government organizations in Iran from the perspective of ethical teachings of Nahj al-Balagheh. These principles refer to the way employees interact with each other and their relationship with the client. The main data of the research is the full text of Nahj al-Balagheh translated by the late Mohammad Dashti. Judicial (intentional) sampling method has been used. The reliability of the retest and the reliability of the coder have been determined to be 93% and 86%, respectively. Helping colleagues and clients 5- Humility and humility towards clients and subordinates 6- Avoiding slander and undermining towards colleagues 7- Avoiding absenteeism and speaking Chinese 8- Trust and good faith towards clients and colleagues 9- Observance Ethical Charter to the Client and Colleagues 10- Avoid flattery and flattery towards managers and superiors 11- Avoid attributing and magnifying things.

In this article, the legal resources and principles governing employment regulations in entering the service in the light of good governance are reviewed. The article is descriptive-analytical and has studied the mentioned subject using the library method. From the set of topics mentioned, we can reach the indicators and principles that the theory of good governance has emphasized. These principles serve as a measure of the legitimacy of the actions and decisions of public officials and the implementation of good governance. In general, it guarantees the efficiency of administrative decisions and actions, as well as the protection of the public interest, both in the decision-making and action stages, and facilitates judicial oversight. The theory of good governance can prevent the exercise of taste and corruption in administrative decisions and actions by providing a model and act as a tool in the hands of citizens and in order to protect their rights. In Iran, despite the key role of administrative law in achieving individual and social goals, there is a lack of independent employment law in the field of public law, and the rules and principles of employment can be identified in multiple laws in a scattered, incoherent and heterogeneous manner. Lack of comprehensiveness, lack of coherence and dispersion of employment laws and regulations in Iran is one of the obstacles to the development of the right to good governance. The administrative system and, consequently, the legal system of employment in Iran has seen many ups and downs.

Contrary to the past, the role of social workers is to arrest those in need of society. Today, the goal of social work is to increase the quality of life of all people and prevent crime. Social assistance services include welfare services and rehabilitation services for all age groups (children, adolescents, youth, adults and the elderly) as well as capable people (physical, mental, psychological, and social). Addressing the socioeconomic status of individuals to reduce social injuries, including preventing crime, is one of the objectives of social work, through awareness and information, and then identifying vulnerabilities in the neighborhood and working with relevant organizations to reduce the risk of injury. Is.

This research is a descriptive survey that has been carried out using the social worker approach and using experts 'and experts' opinions in the province and Isfahan.

The findings of this study indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between social work and crime prevention, which is expected in new laws, including the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 and the Code of Criminal Procedure Act 2013.

Enabling victim participation is one of the most important and important steps that social workers can take during the process. The role of social work in this subject can be examined from two dimensions. First, the services provided by social workers to the judicial authority to provide the basis for the victim's participation and to have an effective role in helping the prosecution of the crime.

National sovereignty has always been the most important value of nations, and despite the efforts that have been made in the contemporary era to create a kind of transnational federalism, it can still be said that this concept in international law is almost an unconquerable tower and belief that is emphasized a lot. It is the nations. Various nations have always valued their sovereignty, and the rulers were trying to maintain their power and sovereignty, the dangers that crimes against security create for their sovereignty and independence, to create strict regulations about crimes against security.Espionage is one of the crimes that has a special place in all the divisions presented in the field of crimes against security. The main reason for this special situation should be considered the high level of danger this criminal poses to the country's security. This is why in most countries, towards all crimes against security and espionage in particular, a substantive and differential criminal policy is observed. In fact, today in the criminal law systems, there are many and different solutions that expand or contract the scope of criminalization in order to fight serious crimes. In today's developments regarding espionage, relying on the techniques and tools that originate from the internal capacity of criminal law, the three elements of the crime have changed so much that one can easily observe the aggressive and security-oriented criminal policy.

The feeling of social security in this study includes life, financial, intellectual, occupational, emotional and moral security. "Cultural capital", which is itself composed of components of cultural capital embodied, objectified and institutionalized in this study was assumed as an independent variable affecting the "sense of social security" as a dependent variable. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between "cultural capital" and "sense of social security". Several stages were selected, distributed and collected after completion.The data were used and analyzed in the form of software capabilities (Pls, SPSS) through Pearson correlation tests and regression analysis.The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between cultural capital as There is an independent variable and a sense of social security as a dependent variable (β = 428. and T = 8.02. The components of cultural capital such as embodied, objectified and institutionalized also have a significant correlation (β = 0 / 307,0 / 249,0), respectively. / 144) and statistical t showed more than 1.96 with a sense of social security.Keywords: feeling of social security, embodied cultural capital, objectified cultural capital, institutionalized cultural capital, East of Golestan province.

Turkey is known as an influential player in the Middle East. The geopolitical connection between Turkey and the Middle East is an issue that none of the regional and trans-regional actors have such a capability, so such indicators have made Turkey an influential player in the geopolitical space of the Middle East. Turkey, as the only Muslim country and the only NATO member in the Middle East, is of particular importance to the United States. Ankara is constantly moving towards a more worthy position in the Islamic world and in the international arena, and this can be seen in the spread of Ankara's different approaches to the West, especially the United States. According to its policies, Turkey regulates its foreign policy movements in order to achieve the maximum benefits and the role of an important and strategic player in the region. In this study, Turkey's foreign policy approach to its important ally, the United States, from 2016 to 2019 is examined. A better understanding of Turkey's foreign policy as an important regional country is essential to building a sensible foreign policy towards it. It seems that what shapes Turkey's foreign policy behavior and approach towards its strategic ally, the United States, is not merely environmental and strategic realities, but the perception that Turkish leaders, especially Erdogan, have of their ally. Therefore, Turkey's regional and international power and position, as well as Erdogan's personality traits, will change the behavior and approach of Turkey's foreign policy towards its ally, the United States.

Women's political participation is one of the types of participation that plays an important role in the development process. The main purpose of this article is to explain the political and economic components affecting women's political participation in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. In societies such as Iran, where the institution of the family is still an essential element of society, women play an effective role in education not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, so they have a position far beyond the apparent characteristics of political participation in development. Are. In this regard, the main question of the present article is that what are the political-economic components affecting women's political participation in Iran after the Islamic Revolution? In response to this central hypothesis, it has been suggested that in the political dimension, patriarchy in the political arena and the structure of political power, and in the economic dimension, the economic structure of rent and employment are the most important components influencing women's political participation in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. Findings show that in the Islamic Republic of Iran, women's political participation is widely recognized. However, many social causes and factors affect it. In fact, among the causes and factors affecting women's participation, political and economic factors play the main role. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

Women's employment issues in the filed of equal right for men and women have been identified.There are always questions in this filed which has been introduced by explanation and interpretation of Quran verses.This research or library documentation is based on reporting the opinions of contemporary commentators and Quran scholars focusing on the verses of 32 surah Nesa and 33 surah Al ahzab,in addition to analyze and criticiz the opinions.The commentators and Quran scholars are divided into two groups of opponents and supporters in this field.Moreover, proponents of women's employment are divided into two groups, conditional and absolute agreeers. The results of the discussion shows that the absolute proponents consider independence and employment as a natural right of women. Whereas conditional advocates believe that women's priority is home and childcare while having the right to participate in social and economic activities. Moreover, the condition for their presence in society is the observance of hijab and Islamic manners.The opponents believe that women's presence in society is not positive since their employment interferes with their marital and maternal responsibilities.It seems that the interpretations of the conditional proponents, who value the dignity and freedom of women, are more in line with the needs of today's society.

Participatory criminal policy is one of the new issues that has entered Iranian law and today in the texts of most Iranian laws such as the Constitution, the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392, the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 1392, the Regulation on Mediation in Criminal Affairs adopted in 1394, law Dispute Resolution Council approved in 1394, the Law on Crime Prevention approved in 1394 can be studied. In Iranian law, due to the evolution of criminal law, participation in the justice process in various manifestations such as the emergence of non-governmental organizations, the role of the victim and the victim and the local community in mechanisms such as mediation and compromise, the victim crystallized Manifested in granting compassionate facilities to the accused. However, participatory criminal policy in various laws seeks to consolidate its position to achieve the goals that guarantee the rights of victims. However, in the present study, we will examine analytically and descriptively the legislative position of participatory criminal policy in modern Iranian criminal law.

Political participation, which entered the political literature of political theorists following the process of socialization of human beings and interference in the political management of countries, plays a vital role in the system of indirect democracy and is the main mechanism for achieving popular sovereignty. Given the importance of the discussion of social participation, the present study, using the field method, survey technique, questionnaire tools and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS software, seeks to answer the main question of whether between different dimensions of social trust and participation Is there a political connection between the citizens of Kermanshah? The statistical population of the present study is citizens of 18 years and older in Kermanshah, of which 384 have been studied as a sample size. The results show that between the total level of social trust (0.38) and its dimensions, ie basic trust (0.39), informal trust (0.32), institutional trust (0.42) and generalized trust (34 / 0) There is a positive, direct and significant relationship with the political participation of citizens. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the total effect of the independent variable of social trust on citizens' political participation is 0.53.

Before the rise of the military, the Dar al-Alam was one of the local educational centers in Islamic civilization. The centers that emerged after the rise of the Shiites and the influence of the Buyid dynasty in the Abbasid caliphate, along with the growth of the Islamic scientific movement. One of the hypotheses about the method of establishment and the factors for the expansion of the Dar al-Alams was the presence of interested rulers and ministerial ministers effectively in a safe environment that provided the ground for a special function. In the meantime, the Dar al-'Ulam, established by Bahا'u'llh Shapur ibn Ardashir (416-416 AH), a prominent minister in the Buhayan government, was of great importance and status. In 382 AH, Bah 'u'll .h established an institution in Karkh, a Shi'ite district of Baghdad, in a place called Bin al-Surin, where the Taliban of Alam had been using the rich library and other facilities for about seventy years. Debates, debates and debates in various scientific fields were held at the highest levels. This center also played an important role in the development of the teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the training of scholars and elders who were the guardians of Shiite culture. The mission of the present study is to clarify the management of Shapur Ibn Ardeshir Darul Alam, its staff, its educational and research record.

In the framework of limited types of social changes of Kerman and at the beginning of constitutionalism, the competition between families of Ebrahimi (Sheikhieh), Vakili and other benefited social groups and attempts to achieve or strengthen social-economic bases and especially gaining various governmental positions in this state, their oppositions and conflicts in politics were highlighted and this way the rulers and their related ones were about to benefit from this dispersed and chaotic situation. Naturally, this procedure accelerated the existing unstable political changes. Regarding the importance of the abovementioned points the question of this study is: what certain factors were the bases and basic foundations of the secondShalbafan riot under the role of families and other effective public groups based on? The mentioned question leads us to this hypothesis: Regarding the existing historic and economic condition, the dissatisfaction of Shalbaf class resulted from the conflicts among ruling groups and their repercussions in Kerman society of that day. On the other hand, this event as a social conflict affected the society from different aspects and as a result, power related agents directed social movements and events for their individual and tribal benefits. The current study has used narrated explanations and the data is collected based on first valid resources, limited and existing study sources.

One of the most controversial issues in international law that arises in the relations of states with foreign nationals when filing international lawsuits is dual citizenship, which occurs for various legal, political and social reasons and causes problems in the relationship between government and states. Therefore, the present study, which seeks to "comparative study of dual citizenship in the law of the Russian Federation and Iran and ways to obtain it" after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, examines dual citizenship and ways to obtain it. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this article is library. The findings of this study indicate that: "In the Russian legal system, dual citizenship is recognized as an inevitable consequence of Russia's succession after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and is legitimized through the signing of international treaties and the law of the Russian Federation. Has identified various ways to obtain it, "While Iran does not accept dual citizenship, it faces a large number of dual nationalities and does not have a proper legal solution to this issue."

From the set of factors that change the general situation of the country from the mid-1340s to the mid-1350s. Land reform has a unique place. The government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in order to carry out land reform, implemented a program aimed at achieving important social, economic and political results for the betterment of the villagers, and made almost half of the rural families the owners of at least a small piece of land. Kermanshah and Ilam provinces, meanwhile, were affected by land reform. The main question of the present article is that what is the most important consequence of land reform in the social dimension in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces? This pivotal hypothesis has been examined that land reform in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces led to a change in class structure. The results of the article show that land reform showed the deep attention of governments, politicians and developers to the new organization of land construction and rural economy through land redistribution, after World War II, which according to the values, ideologies and system Government reforms were implemented, but these changes were not successful everywhere. This important issue in Kermanshah and Ilam, the structure of classes in the social dimension underwent major changes. The type of research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

This study is the design, implementation and development of a software for data visualization using virtual simulation in order to display urban statistical information. In this research, a tool has been developed that allows researchers to view information collected from different sources using virtual reality simulation. By using this software and its capabilities, it is possible to convert numbers and raw data into 3D models in the virtual reality space. This makes it easier to understand the events that happened over time; Because it is difficult to review, view and analyze raw data such as numbers and worksheets. By using this software, researchers will be able to easily observe the events and improve the analysis ability significantly. Cases and methods This tool consists of two main sections, which include: online and web data entry section: this section includes an online and web data entry panel. By using this section, users are able to easily and easily use the tool and enter or upload their information. Information display system in virtual reality: This section includes a system that displays information in virtual reality. Researchers can view the information recorded on this platform in 3D in the virtual simulation software and analyze the recorded events. By using these two parts, researchers are able to record and view their information in 3D in a virtual simulation environment. Through the analysis of their observations, they can obtain the information and results they need and display them for better understanding for others.

scientific community is the concept of governance. Unfortunately, this concept has also been discussed among the country's experts when it was first proposed in Western countries and then formed among domestic scientists in stages.This concept has a very deep, accurate and ancient history in the religion of Islam and, like many other issues, has been considered by respected academics. The first part that should be considered and interacted in any speech to bring mental concepts closer and semantics is possible is familiarity with the basic concepts of the subject. The purpose of this article is to get acquainted with the basic concepts of governing Iran based on the Quran. A brief look at the international situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the post-revolutionary period shows that an important part of the country's foreign policy has been focused on regulating relations with international institutions and countering their imposed or discriminatory measures. In the current situation, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the UN Security Council are the most important scenes of Iran's diplomatic actions and efforts. And the political and discriminatory decisions of these institutions are important in the international situation of our country. It is natural that in such an atmosphere, explaining the evolution of the concept of global governance, international institutions and possible scenarios about it, as well as explaining the possible effects of Western global governance on the international position of the Islamic Republic of Iran is of particular importance and necessity. Therefore, in the

The proportionality between the crime and the punishment is derived from the principle of justice in jurisprudence and criminal law, among other things, if the execution of the punishment of self-inflicted retribution has more severe effects than the crime committed, the execution is prevented. However, the scope of the aforementioned ban has not been well clarified due to the lack of a special research. The implementation of the condition of similarity in an organ such as the head, which has different dimensions in humans, as well as the observance of the area, length, width and height, is difficult, so that the execution of the excused retribution and the payment of the dowry becomes necessary, the observance of the right of the victim against the implementation Qisas and the right to life are in conflict with the observance of similarity in the execution of Qisas. How to observe the right of the victim against and the victim in the shadow of the conflict between these two rights is one of the rules of Islamic jurisprudence and accordingly the Iranian penal system, which legitimizes the adherence of the judicial authorities and the rights holders. The present study was conducted with the aim of reducing the application of this ruling and disambiguating the legislator's approach in the light of recognizing the rulings governing the mentioned issue and explaining the extent of its implementation by eliminating the conflict between two rights in one issue.

In ancient epic texts, mirrors have been reported that by examining and comparing them, many similarities can be achieved between mirrors around the world. Anthropologists in different societies have reported on various rituals, one of which is the rite of passage. The transition to puberty and marriage is accompanied by mirrors in which certain tests are performed. One of them is the marriage test. In this test, the young suitor is asked to take tests to prove his courage, wisdom, physical ability and other arts, and if he succeeds in passing them, he can marry the girl of his choice. This study examines premarital tests in epic texts after Shahnameh. In these epic texts, tests such as picking up a girl from a saddle, sitting firmly on a carpet, archery, passing a week, polo, defeating an enemy or an alien hero, and killing a dragon have been reported. Premarital tests in this study are based on the opinions of anthropologists and mythologists such as the Eliade and the freezer and the transition mirrors.

Women have always formed half of the society and have been part of the society's structure. Various views have been expressed on this half of human society throughout history; Some have considered women equal to men and others have considered her inferior to men. The purpose of this research is to investigate the position and role of women in Plato's thought; He is a great Greek philosopher. This research aims to examine Plato's texts about women, and investigate the real position of women from Plato's point of view. In order to carry out such a research, philosophical history reports have been omitted and Plato's writings have been reread phenomenologically. At first glance and based on several paragraphs of his treatises, it seems that he believes in the equality of men and women, and contrary to his time when women were considered inferior creatures, he thought of their superiority, but by examining and analyzing his writings, especially the Treatise on Republic and Mehmani It can be concluded that Plato's view of feminism is a wrong perception and he is anti-feminist in his thinking.

The purpose of this article was to study the comparative principles of freedom from the perspective of Islam and existentialism and its educational requirements. In terms of qualitative approach and in terms of analytical-comparative method, with reference to scientific documents, including articles and books of thinkers in the field of Islamic sciences and existentialism, which continued in the field of freedom in relation to education and training in a purposeful manner until reaching saturation. The results of the comparison showed that one of the common features of the two schools is the responsibility of freedom. However, the basic differences, including freedom, are the only human value and the inherent perfection of man, which is in conflict with the acceptance of Wajib-ul-Wujud (God) and other values. In the school of Islam, freedom is understood only by looking at man from a divine perspective, and any belonging is against freedom, but belonging and dependence on God Almighty considers belonging to God to be the same as freedom. Considering the absolute meaning of freedom, existentialists believe that the teacher He does not have the right to provide a definite solution to the student. The teacher is the only one who proposes solutions and topics, and it is the student who ultimately chooses or rejects the solutions. In contrast to Islam, despite the belief in the freedom of the teacher and support And your guidance makes them responsible for their decisions and subject to accountability and impeachment.

The welfare state, which gained many fans around the world after World War II and ruled for more than two decades, gradually revealed its weaknesses from the early 70 s. In fact, the welfare state was initially and a tool in the hands of the rulers to prevent stagnation and economic failure. However, in the 1970 s, the increase in inflation and welfare costs and increasing the duties of the government faced the government with serious problems. The welfare government is accused of focusing on bureaucracy and of inefficiency, creating exclusive welfare services that are the source of inflationary pressures, prioritizing consumption and redistribution of income and wealth, and having an adverse effect on self-reliance and the private sector, encouraging consumerism and reducing desire. The aim of the research is to criticize the principles of good governance of the welfare state from Hayek's point of view, and the research method is library.

 the assumption of the criminal justice system is that relative criminal responsibility begins at the age of 9 and ends at the age of 18. In the new Islamic Penal Law, in a commendable step, the Iranian legislator, by accepting reduced criminal responsibility in punishment crimes for children and adolescents, defined three stages of time after the realization of legal maturity, the beginning of criminal responsibility up to the age of eighteen years as full criminal responsibility, in has considered

In terms of the purpose, the present research is a part of problem-oriented applied research, and in terms of the method of collecting information, it is a document, and the collected information is analyzed in an analytical and descriptive way.

and adolescents is accepted as a principle in terms of age, intellect and criminal development. The age of 9 and 10 is chosen as the minimum age in the laws of Iran and England, respectively. Criminal responsibility is very low and it is not in accordance with the biological, mental and psychological conditions and the realities in the lives of children and adolescents and the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. On the other hand, despite the acceptance of relative criminal responsibility in the laws of Iran and England, the laws of Iran do not accept this type of responsibility. It has been accepted in Ta'ziri crimes and has not been accepted in punishable crimes, therefore, in these crimes,

The main goal of any contract is the implementation of its provisions, and in the event of a dispute, it depends on the interpretation of the contract and the determination of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. It makes one of them possible in Iranian and French laws, and the application of each of these theories will have effects on the interpretation of the contract, the effects of the contract, and the application of subjective or objective theory. Therefore, the question that this article raises is whether the French subjective theory, although conceptually distinct from the objective theory, produces different results in actual disputes. While France alone could be a significant nut in the world to examine this question, the reality is that French civil law has been widely adopted and copied in many civil law nations around the world. Therefore, it affects a significant part of the world's jurisdictions, beyond just the sovereign state of France.Therefore, this article examines the objective theory of contracts as well as the evidence of the French subjective theory with application to Iranian law and determines whether there is a deep difference in their application and the results of legal disputes in these two systems.

Three patterns about the relation of religion and government in Shia political thought exists. Political thought of Seyed Hossein Nasr is among Islamic political thoughts. In this research, in addition to the ontology of traditional Islam, it is tried to analyze the genealogy of social and civil Islam and life accidents and intellectual appearance of Seyed Hossein Nasr and Fethullah Gulen. Relation of religion and government in traditional Islam thought of Seyed Hossein Nasr and civil and social Islam of Fethullah Gulen was analyzed through comparative method. The type of research based on purpose, is practical and in terms of the nature of research, is comparative, descriptive and analysis of data and findings. The method of collecting data is observation and study which is done via visiting the library and archive of documents and browsing the web. Results of research have shown that relation of religion and government in Islam of Seyed Hossein Nasr is based on the relation of integration and alliance and relation of religion and government in social and civil Islam of Fethullah Gulen is based on interaction pattern.

The influence of political elites in every society is not hidden from anyone. But this influence has a direct relation with governance structure of that society. Aim of this research is analysis of impacts of the structure of the absolute sovereignty on society and political elites in Pahlavi period. The method of research is descriptive analytic and documentary-analytic analysis is considered to obtain goals of research. Research’s information provided via field, library and scientific texts resources. Results show that existence of parties, family relationships, unofficial groups and their domination over the affairs of country, were most important features of power building. Meanwhile, the king and courtiers had the most access to power and had an undisputed opportunity in decision making, policy setting and leadership. Structure of the absolute sovereignty made political elites never be able to follow the demands of people and be their representative. Because of this and over time, the threads between people and government were severed and people’s efforts for revolution is one of its important results.

One of the new topics that has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of ethics is moral intelligence. According to Borba, moral intelligence is the ability to distinguish right from wrong, that is, having strong moral beliefs and acting according to them in such a way that A person should behave properly and respectfully. This research aims to investigate the ways of raising children's moral intelligence based on authentic traditions. This research was done by using hadiths from authentic hadith books and qualitative content analysis method through open, central and selective coding. The results of the research showed that, according to authentic traditions, four factors play an important role in developing children's moral intelligence, which are: A: Foundations, such as choosing a suitable spouse, nutrition, and purity of generation. B: Education such as monotheism education and prayer education. A: Teaching methods such as teaching with kindness, respecting the child, forgiveness and forgiveness, homework as much as possible and making education step by step. D: Paying attention to the consequences such as the effects of affection, the effects of making happy and the effects of helping the child. In addition to that, there are methods by which the components of moral intelligence, which are self-restraint, honesty, adherence to obligations, gratitude, kindness and respect, can be taught in the first and second period of childhood. raised

Assignment of the contract is the simultaneous transfer of rights and obligations arising from the contract in such a way that the third party becomes the substitute of the contracting party in the performance of obligations and benefiting from the rights, therefore the criterion in the transfer of the contract is the presence or absence of these rights and obligations arising from the contract, whether it is an immediate contract or continuous; But it is necessary to observe the principle of relativity of contracts, the principle of good faith and the principle of freedom of choice of the contracting party, in the shadow of the principle of freedom of contract transfer. Since with the transfer of the contract, the contractual obligations are also extended to the deputy and the transferee is obliged to fulfill the obligations arising from it. If the contract is based on a person, its execution by someone other than the party to the contract, even if he is also his representative, is not possible or acceptable to the other party to the contract, and the transfer of the contract will be ruled out. The principles and conditions of assigning contracts are not specific to domestic law, and it even seems that these conditions can have a rational and logical feature rather than being considered legal conditions; Therefore, the silence of international documents in this regard is due to its spontaneity, and the mentioned criteria will be applicable in international documents as well.

Today, mass communication tools and media play an important role in the development of societies through the transfer of knowledge, new information, and exchange of ideas, and advertising is a necessity in social life, and without advertising, no economic or political progress is possible. Inevitably, as with other aspects of society, the nature and type of advertising has changed as a result of technology. Therefore, the importance of advertising and especially political-media advertising; The present research, considering the epidemic of Instagram social media, this research was conducted with the aim of "investigating the attitude of Instagram users towards presidential election ads". Survey research method and data collection tool is a questionnaire, which was used for data analysis from descriptive and inferential tables through spss software. The statistical population of this research includes the citizens of Tehran and the sampling and the number of respondents were selected randomly and through Cochran's formula. The investigations carried out in this research showed that gender, age, income of people have a significant relationship with their membership and use of Instagram social network. Older people, men and people with higher education believe more in the usefulness of presidential candidates' ads on Instagram. And in total, equivalent to 92 percent of the sample believe that the ads of presidential election candidates are useful and effective in the Instagram social network.

The aim of the current research is the evolution of prisons in the ancient world based on the beginning of Islam (until the end of the Umayyad period). The research method in this research is descriptive and analytical. The findings show. The first prison in the ancient world is dedicated to the city of Rome. During this period, there were cellulos (punishment method), latomia (part of a large prison) and tulianum (prison). Later, in 367 AD, the first Code of Laws and Code of Laws was compiled by Justinian, whose criminal laws were the focus of subsequent emperors. In the ancient east, there were prisons in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Iran. In Saudi Arabia, before Islam, the Arabs used to act according to current customs and traditions. But with the advent of Islam, the work of imprisoning took place in the mosque or atrium. Since the time of Caliph Umar, the need for an independent prison building was felt, and he created Aram Prison. The construction of two prisons Nafi (reed) and Makhis (stone) in Kufa was by Imam Ali (a.s.). Also, Ali (a.s.) was the first person who allocated funds for the prison and salaries for the prisoners from the Muslim treasury in order to support the prisoners.

The relationship between ethics and politics is a subject that is closely related to the philosophy of politics on the one hand and sociology on the other. But it is very difficult to put the two together because politics belongs to the realm of power and domination, and the politician does not involve himself too much in moral concepts that are cumbersome for his purposes in order to gain power. In a situation where lawyers and criminologists are passionately examining and analyzing the dimensions of the country's criminal policy in response to crimes and perversions, and praising or criticizing its various dimensions, some are unaware of the moral policy. . However, this study, while explaining the rationale and necessity of analyzing the moral policy of the government penitentiary organization along with its criminal policy, examined the heart of the organization's policies in responding to economic violations. The State Penitentiary Organization, as one of the most important quasi-judicial authorities in the country, mainly provides criminal answers in a judicial manner, mainly regarding criminal acts. Analyzing the criminal and moral policy of the State Penitentiary Organization in relation to economic violations, it was found that the main policies aimed at controlling and combating economic violations by the State Penitentiary Organization in two parts: first,

In family law, natural obligations or practical situations are legally unclaimable obligations that cannot be returned in case of voluntary and conscious payment by the debtor; Based on Article 266 of the Civil Code, the legal status of this institution can be verified in Iranian law; In this article, the main question is what is the concept, basis, conditions and examples of natural obligations in Iranian family law? After dividing the natural debt into incomplete civil obligations and perfected natural debt, we came to the conclusion that in family law, examples such as alimony for relatives, illegitimate child alimony, and relative alimony have been raised in the surrounding line; Although the jurists have not directly spoken about natural obligations in the field of family, but the basics of natural obligations are consistent with Sharia standards; But considering that family law is more mixed with morality, natural debt will find more examples in this area; Therefore, after examining with a descriptive-analytical method in this article, it is suggested that more materials be devoted to the discussion of natural debt in the civil law of Iran; in such a way that they are defined in a natural debt article; This article can be adjusted as follows: "Natural obligations; Obligations are legally unclaimable that cannot be returned if the debtor pays voluntarily and knowingly.

The main factor in establishing a change in relations between States is the horror of war, which is motivated to cooperate internationally in order to reach global peace. One of the main reasons for the establishment of the international NGOs' organizations and Peace Ambassadors after World War II was the establishment of peace and security. In this regard, the actions of the international institutions' organizations to resolve the conflicts are critical, because most of these Organizations as transnational institutions have the ability and legitimacy to play a role and acceptance of everyone in the international community. It is possible for peace to be the main nature of these Organizations and people how follow Peace as Ambassadors. For this reason, the main objective is to investigate the performance of the organizations of the international NGOs in securing global peace, this research is trying to achieve this issue, how the international organization's organizations can be effective in securing world peace after the end of the Cold War. The hypothesis presented in this article is that in spite of the rights and obligations that the international institutions ' organizations have enacted in the framework of their laws.

One of these important and fundamental rules that is widely used in family law is the rule of difficulty and hardship, which, in addition to its flow in many chapters of jurisprudence, has also been manifested in relevant laws and is the key to unlocking many issues, including divorce. Therefore, due to the importance of the topic, it is necessary and inevitable to carefully examine the elements and conditions of causing hardship and embarrassment, as well as its application in divorce at the request of the wife. Since issues related to the family have always been viewed with special sensitivity and there have been many supporters and opponents for the smallest of these issues, this research, using the library method and authentic documents as a tool, seeks a comparative analysis of Asr. And the harm of the wife is in Iranian law and English law. The results showed that the request for divorce due to hardship in Iranian law is only possible by the woman by proving certain cases; While the divorce laws in England allow both men and women to file for divorce if one of the hardships is proved.

This research aims to investigate one of the aspects of this problem and examine the issues that have affected the premature puberty of girls and caused physical and social harm to them. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between social networks and precocious puberty of first-level secondary school girls in Shiraz. The current research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which was conducted as a survey. The statistical population under study is all female students of the first level of high school in four districts of Shiraz, whose age range was 11 to 12 years; According to the inquiry, 4100 students were studying and according to the sample size of Cochran, 351 people were considered as the research sample. In order to achieve the goals of the research from the personal information questionnaire in order to know the demographic characteristics, the researcher made a questionnaire which has 23 questions in the social media section and 9 questions in the quick access section. The validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was investigated in a preliminary study with 30 subjects and their reliability was calculated as 0.89 for social media and 0.86 for precocious puberty. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the research variables. The results also showed that the educational use of social networks explained 16% of the variance of the early sexual maturity variable.

In the field of sports, compliance with professional and ethical behavior is one of the important tasks of athletes, for this reason, the issue of helping the injured as a fair behavior and the resulting civil responsibility is of particular importance in this social field, because the promotion of such current abandonment has harmful consequences in sports communities and consequently in the society, although in the recent legislation of FIFA in 2019 and the single article of the Islamic Penal Code approved 5/3/1354 and Article 62 of the June 1960 amendment of the French Criminal Code, this harmful sports phenomenon is not explicitly stated and The tone of the material is such that there is a waiver of it, but in terms of professional behavior in preventing harm from others and some legal provisions in both the Iranian and French legal systems, it is possible to receive the duty to help the sports injured and the disciplinary, criminal and civil executive guarantee. In this article, with a descriptive, analytical method and an inferential approach, this importance is proved in many legal articles, based on the legal principles of saving the lives of sports injuries from imminent dangers in order to preserve life as the most important human and sports rights, and no exceptions are necessary in this regard. including winning national and international honors.

With the approval of the law amending the government punishments law approved on 12/23/1367 by the Expediency Council, the government punishments organization was established based on expediency in its current form. During these years, the government penal organization has faced various challenges from its critics until the approval of the Trade Union Law approved on 12/24/1382 and the silence of the Expediency Council's decision against the Islamic Council regarding the abstraction of jurisdiction over crimes related to the private sector. guilds) from the government penal organization faced a serious challenge to the said organization, but it did not take long that the inefficiency of the boards dealing with trade violations caused the officials to reconsider the revival of the organization's competences. The Expediency Council and the Islamic Council have other powers, such as the power to deal with guilds and also the power to deal with goods smuggling crimes, along with the courts of justice, which, in addition to developing its powers, has given this organization legal and legal value and credibility.

At the top of Islam, there were women who, while accepting Islamic principles, suffered from the existing unequal rights and opportunities that were traditionally applied to them, they did not accept it and protested against it. The conditions that the Messenger of God (PBUH) created in Madinah gave women the courage to protest gender discrimination easily and without fear. They were treated with an open mind and they got answers and concluded from their logical activity, a situation that was never repeated before or after that. The freedom and boldness of the women at the beginning of Islam was unbearable for many of the close companions of the Prophet and they praised the Prophet why he gave such a field to women and made them bold. Unaware that this was the teaching of the Qur'an that they are also among the children of mankind and mankind has dignity: "Laqd karamnna bani adam" (Isra', 70) The dignity of human beings is determined by piety and it is measured by humanity, morality and purity, not by Race and gender: "Indeed, I am grateful to God, and I fear you" (Hujarat, 13). The Qur'an does not consider women to be weak, deficient in intellect, or deficient in faith, but it considers some of them to be indicators of faith and considers them all to be so powerful that the Prophet must pledge allegiance to them on the condition that they recognize every word of the Prophet as true. They should not disobey it:

Today, the soft war against Iran is pursued by the United States in a multifaceted manner and with different approaches and mechanisms. One of these approaches is human rights. Just as the soft war is done with the aim of political change, the human rights tactic also has a significant relationship with the aim of political change. Considering the importance of the subject, the present research with a descriptive approach and library research method and using authentic documents as a tool seeks to examine the practice of the United States of America in the soft war against Iran with the approach of human rights as the main goal. The findings indicate that the intensity and depth of America's dealings with the countries of the Middle East, more than the security and strategic dimensions, go back to the political, social, cultural-ideological, economic components and in general the identity components of these countries. Accordingly, the security reference in the behavior model based on soft power is the structural levels of the Middle East countries. Because according to the American approach, it is the political, economic, social, cultural and religious structures of these countries that provide a source for the threatening and security-creating forces. In this regard, America's actions to advance human rights goals within the framework of soft power are various methods, the most important of which are through international financial institutions, the United Nations, sanctions, economic-financial sanctions,

High health literacy regulates people's health and nutritional behaviors and reduces harmful behaviors, and on the other hand, performing preventive and self-care behaviors is directly related to health literacy in society. Considering the importance of discussing health literacy, the present research seeks to answer the main question that the role of media literacy in health literacy in How much is it among the citizens of Ahvaz? The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Ahvaz city over 18 years of age, of which 600 people have been examined as the sample size.The results of the research indicate that between media literacy (0.34) and its dimensions, i.e. media information evaluation (0.33), purposeful use of media (0.37), combining information (0.30), exchange Information (0.39) and how to use the media (0.27) have a positive, direct and meaningful relationship with citizens' health literacy. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the effect of the independent variable of media literacy on citizens' health literacy is 0.53.

The purpose of this study is sociological study ,importance and role's of public sphere and Tehran youth lifestyle private sphere based on structural equations.this research was descriptive and causal type. Statistical society of this study were the young people in tehran aged 15-29 in 2018,that 500 of them were selected according to the Cochran formula and by quota sampling method selected and observed .data accumulaton implement for researcher questionnaire adapted from other research questionnaires and statistical analyzes based on structural equation and has been done by using Spass and Amos In this study, Habermas' theories were used; Habermas used the concept of public domain in terms of social terms in which individuals through reasoning and reasoning based on reason and in conditions free of any pressure, force, and in equal conditions for all Participating parties generate a set of values and normative behaviors, positions and orientations. What has attracted Habermas's attention to the public domain has been the importance of this concept as the basis of a democratic critique of society. applications.regression values of structural equation model suggested that intimate atmosphere of the house at(70/0),cover type (0/58), urban space at(0/37) ,exclusive property space(0/31) ,is effective on young people lifestyle. In total the intimate atmosphere of the house has the most effect and exclusive property space had the less effect on young people lifestyle.

With a quick look at the traditions, customs and beliefs and historical background of Iran, it is easy to see traces of restorative justice ideas based on reconciliation, tolerance and forgiveness in various manifestations of social and cultural life. In this research, non-judicial dispute resolution methods, including traditional arbitrations and proceedings, methods based on reconciliation and compromise, which are based on compensation for damages and manifestations of restorative justice, are investigated in the criminal policy of Iran in the last century.

This research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and with available library and internet resources.

The research findings show that non-judicial and alternative criminal justice methods based on compensation have been open in Iran for a long time. There has been damage.

The purpose of this research is to identify and rank socio-cultural factors affecting building solid waste management in Tehran. The type of research is analytical which was done using Delphi panel and experts' opinions. In the first step, a list of effective factors was prepared through an in-depth study. Next, this list was provided to the panel and the number of data (KMO=0.688) and its reliability was confirmed (GFI=0.942). Then, by using AHP method, pairwise comparison and final prioritization of factors were done. The results show that Among the 9 factors, pre-university education with a weight of (1.000) has the highest score, followed by social relations (0.609), living place (0.528), individual motivations (0.457), virtual space and Public media (0.280), public education (0.191), university education (0.134), job and social position (0.104) and finally, education level (0.077) were located. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development and optimal management of waste in the metropolis and especially in Tehran, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of factors as well as their priority and delay. Pre-university education is the most effective factor in this field.

liability of government is an affair which has been a challenge from beginning of establishing a modern governments and has experienced various ups and downs. One of the fields , regards newer in this base, is the civil liability arising from financial policies of the government. These policies are effective considerably on fate of persons of society and economic active persons and sometime, it has caused lots of losses to them. Therefore, the present research that indicates to civil liability arising from financial policies of the government in England , after expansion of conceptual space of the research subject, it will indicates civil liability. According to the subjective documentations, presented in this research, educational, descriptive, analytical methods and method of gathering information are librarian in this research. These findings of this study indicates that firstly, it seems that Civil liability is arising from financial policies of main government, accepted in legal Council of England. Secondly, Law 1998, codified a framework in this field , its basis, the financial policies of England , has been regulated. Therefore, this essay indicates a systematic analysis and timely analysis in these two cases (1) How does this law regulates well financial law requirement from theoretical dimension and (2) how will develop financial policy be realized practically in light of this law.

The purpose of this study is to design a system model of good governance in the Social Security Organization. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of exploratory mixed method (a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes experts and government agents related to social security in Mazandaran province with a history of management and policy making.And in a small part of the statistical population includes stakeholders (including employees, pensioners and social security insured), the private sector (employers) and government agents related to social security in Mazandaran province. The sampling method is purposeful. The method of data collection is library method, and the measurement tool in the qualitative part of the interview is semi-structured and in the quantitative part includes a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are taken from the data obtained from the interview. The validity of the present research questionnaire was determined by two methods face-to-face and 2. content-based. Also, the reliability coefficient was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used. In a small part, structural equation modeling method has been used using SPSS and AMOS software.Friedman test was also used to prioritize the dimensions and components of the research. The results showed. The dimensions of good governance in the Social Security Organization were divided into five dimensions: causal factors,

The right to self-defense has been one of the major issues in international law and has historically existed in international relations in the Middle East since the advent of states in international custom. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the position of legitimate defense in international wars from the perspective of international law with emphasis on proxy wars. The main question of the research is what was the approach of the United Nations in granting legitimacy to the right of defense to its members? The results show that the Security Council has introduced a new expression of legitimate defense by raising the issue of the possibility of resorting to legitimate defense. Until now, the UN judiciary has remained committed to existing rights and, unlike the Security Council, has emphasized the impossibility of invoking legitimate defense against non-state actors. This article also provides an overview of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, which recognizes the right of States to self-defense under certain conditions, and paragraph 4 of Article 2 of the Charter, which prohibits members of the United Nations in their international relations from threatening or using force against territorial integrity. The political independence of any country or any behavior that is not in line with the goals of the United Nations is mentioned. In general, in proxy wars, the states involved must fully comply with the provisions of the law of armed conflict and legitimate defense, including the four Geneva Conventions.

AbstractIdentifying and analyzing customers' behavioral patterns is one of the basic challenges of banks in determining target customers, managing relationships with customers and optimally allocating the bank's limited resources to customers. It is necessary to pay attention to the huge amount of customer information in the banks' database, the number and variety of banking services, as well as the specific characteristics of customers. In this research, data mining techniques are used to provide a suitable model. It was used to identify, segment, rank and analyze customer behavior patterns, so the transaction data of the customers of Refah Kargaran Bank was considered as a statistical population and the transactions that were carried out from October 1, 2018 to March 29, 2018 were selected as samples. became Then, pre-processing operations were performed on them and data modeling was done with the aim of segmenting and ranking customers using K-means and SOM algorithms, and finally using the Apriori algorithm, the rules governing the relationships between customer clusters and types of accounts were used. It was discovered. Since determining the value of each customer segment is very important, therefore, the WRFM criterion (optimized RFM model) was used to calculate and determine the customer lifetime value (CLV) and based on the determined value, appropriate strategies were determined to provide banking services to each of the described segments.Keywords: segmentation, ranking, artificial intelligence, machine learning, K-means, SOM, Apriori and WRFM

Its name is derived from the founder of this sect. This profession was created by Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaei in the thirteenth century. After the death of the second leader of the Sheikh, Seyyed Kazem Rashti, the Sheikh suffered a crisis of marginalization and there was a dispute between his students and he split within himself. One of the students of Seyyed Kazem Rashti, Haj Mohammad Karim Khan Kerman was the son of Ibrahim Khan Zahr al-Dawla. His father was Prince Ghajri and the ruler of Kerman. According to the description of one of the doctrinal principles of the Sheikh, the fourth pillar, and since he belonged to the ruling family, he created the Sheikh of Kerman. Several factors were influential in the formation of the Sheikh in Kerman, including the accumulation of material and spiritual power in its founder and the lack of seminary and jurisprudence that had weakened the ideology of the people of that land. After Haj Mohammad Karim Khan, the leadership of Sheikh Kerman was transferred to his children. They also taught and developed the principles and beliefs of the Sheikh and wrote numerous books and treatises in this field. In this research, which has been done in the form of a library, the issue of the Sheikh of Kerman and their method of performing Hajj is examined, and this method is in accordance with the verses of the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet and the news and hadiths of the Imams.

Among the most important negative and undesirable consequences of the expansion of information and communication technology and the criminal proceedings are "Challenges related to the creation and upgrading of the necessary technological infrastructures", "weakness, vacuum and legislative ambiguities corresponding to the development of technology". "Weakness of specialized judicial knowledge about new information technology issues"; "Weakness of users' awareness of electronic criminal proceedings services", "difficulty of accuracy of attribution, the ability to distort, distort and destroy electronic evidence", etc. are among the most important challenges of the development of information and communication technology and communications on criminal proceedings. "Creation and improvement of related technological infrastructures", "Compilation and approval of the comprehensive law of electronic judicial proceedings", "Necessity of ensuring data-oriented security", "Proportionate updating of the training of officers, managers and judicial authorities", "Information and general social education about services" "Judicial Electronics" and "Establishment of Judicial Electronic Data Monitoring and Research Center" are among the most important scientific and practical solutions related to improving the optimal use of information and communication technology in criminal proceedings. In the present research, which was carried out by descriptive-analytical method and by using library sources and texts and the views and opinions of legal thinkers and information and communication technology, these results were obtained that the increase in speed and accuracy, the accuracy and efficiency of various judicial activities. ", "

Social security is one of the basic rights of a citizen, which is provided in the form of social security programs and public welfare services, mainly by governments or organizations that have been created by governments. Social security is a legal or practical solution in the public sphere that is designed for the economic security and social welfare of individuals and families in the face of income loss from unemployment, old age, illness or death, as well as the promotion of welfare through public services and economic support. Social Security is a program to reduce the risks in life. In these programs, along with aging, which is a natural and inevitable process. The right to social security, in terms of scope and other special characteristics, has appeared in the face of a legal institution and organization. In terms of content, this right includes at least nine branches of social support under the headings of medical care, sickness benefits, unemployment, old age, work-related accidents, childbirth, disability, as well as family and survivor benefits that must be provided to members of the community. Carrying out medical affairs and supplementary health insurance, retirement affairs, incumbent duty and receiving pensions, providing insurance services including life and accident insurance and various types of insurance in the country, paying legal fees, granting various facilities such as loans and grants and welfare services At the level of employed employees, retirees and their families.

This research is designed and carried out to investigate the relationship between institutional quality, intellectual property rights and human capital with economic growth (case study of G7 countries). In this research, he studied the economic growth in the form of new theories of growth centered on institutional factors, and in addition to analyzing economic variables; Institutional variables in its two forms (economic institutions,property rights and political) were added to the model.Economic institutional variables are identified with the index of economic freedom and political institutions with the general title of rulers, which is based on six indicators of governance, of course, the index of democracy is The title of the political institutional variable was evaluated separately due to the different data source and the relative breadth of the discussion. The results obtained from the estimates made in this research indicate the important role of institutions in the economic performance of countries and the relevant coefficients show that good governance or in fact the institutions through which power is exercised in a country has positive effects on have economic growth and the coefficient related to the index of economic freedom and property rights as a positive economic institution is effective on economic growth among G7 countries.But in relation to the democracy index, as previous studies have shown,the effect of democracy on growth is ambiguous, but a relatively acceptable approach that can be relied on in this case is the indirect effect of democracy on growth through channels such as improving human capital

The purpose of this study is to identify the dormitory life opportunities of male students in Farhangian University. The qualitative research method is descriptive-ethnographic. The study population was all students living in the dormitories of Shahid Mofateh Shahr-e Rey Campus and Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center of Tehran (750 people) in the academic year of 2019-2020, from which 41 students selected. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis. According to the results of this research, the most important threats to dormitory life are; Lack of interaction and incompatibility, lack of mutual understanding, tension and conflict, lack of privacy, violation of collective rights, failure to prepare and provide quality food, occurrence of digestive disorders, occurrence of health problems, leaving the space under the control of the family, disturbance in Sleep schedule, occurrence of physical problems, occurrence of emotional problems, mental boredom caused by chronic web browsing, negative influence from negative thoughts of others, inappropriate acculturation, disordered leisure time, reduction of participation and religious activities are among the inappropriate functions of the dormitory Were identified.

The present study seeks to find the cause of increasing level escalation of tension in relations between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran. To investigate this issue, the following hypothesis came to mind. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that the root and the main cause of the increase in conflict and tension between Saudi and the Iran is more than any other factor in the policy of Saudi Arabia in the industrial field, as an attempt to improve the position of its country in the structure of the international political economy. It is related as the main cause of increasing tension and conflict in the relation between the Iran and Saudi.The analysis framework of this research is Wallersteins theory of the political economy of the world system. Because Wallersteins analysis of the world system makes it possible to propertly analyze the competition between the central, peripheral and semi peripheral countries in the global system. He considers the degree of success of a country in transitioning from a peripheral to a semi-peripheral position possible byadopting one of the development strategies (taking advantage of the opportunity, promotion through invitation or semi-confidence). Saudi Arabia is trying to get out of the peripheral status and upgrade to a semi-peripheral status. Thin country has considered the influence and relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with countries of the Middle East and the Persian Gulf as a challenge for the industrial development of its country. This in connection with the Americas hegemonic goals, has led to an conflictin the relations between Saudi Arabia and the Iran.

An unprecedented scientific crisis in Iran is characterized by degreeism, plagiarism, scientific fraud, unmotivated students, vacant seats, academic exhaustion of students, unemployment of university graduates, and a lack of knowledge of the world of students and their lived experiences. Using the paradigm of social definition, it is necessary to understand the mental world, values, and intentions of the actors in order to understand the objective characteristics of the society. The present study, with the aim of analyzing the state of scientific activism in Iranian universities, is trying to describe the understanding and interpretation of activists around education and university and to discover their activism patterns in the scientific field. The methodology was constructive-interpretive, and the method was the basic theory and the studied society of the undergraduate students at the University of Tehran Faculty of Social Sciences. After coding the interviews, the purposeful sampling method continued until theoretical saturation was reached. A research paradigm model was developed based on the researcher's findings and theoretical inferences, focusing on the concept of castration of the academic activism. Scientific activism was castrated by suppressed helpless identities, structural deficiencies, and vulgar science (causes). Inverted professors and structural deficiencies were causal conditions, meaning crises were intervening conditions, and the hegemony of rotten traditions provided the background and basis. In this situation, the students' strategy was selfish learning, hidden protest, cheating, isolation and migration. This has resulted in deterioration of professional ethics, despair and frustration, employment unrelated to the field of study, unemployment, depression and addiction.