فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی
سال شانزدهم شماره 56 (تابستان 1399)

This research intends to recognize components and scope of apprenticeship Educational Model based on cognitive Student-Teacher theory in order to perform apprenticeship courses in Farhangian University. The research method is a mixed method from exploring plan type. Statistical society included experts in Farhangian University and, written and electronic documents and resources. In qualitative step, written and electronic documents were elected by purposive sampling plus 12 experts from Farhangian University. In quantities step, 30 experts were elected from Farhangian University and Allameh Tabataba'i University. Data collection in qualitative step was performed by semi-structured interview and content analysis from domestic and foreign databases and documents and in qualitative step it was done through a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of obtained data from qualitative interview was done by using an inductive content analysis and it was performed in quantity step by inferential and descriptive statistical methods. Results of the research led in recognition and selecting six main components which are mental modeling, scaffolding, and interaction, creating contemplative situation, professional reflection and discovery. Results of the research show that validity of apprenticeship educational model is high and in desirable level in experts’ viewpoint.

The aim of this research is to assess the model of academic burnout based on social problem-solving skills, psychological capital, academic conscience, and seeking academic help as well as determine the proposed theoretical model fit with the real data. This study is a descriptive-correlational research with an emphasis on possible causal relationships based on structural equation modeling. The population included senior high school students studying science in their fourth year in the first district of Ardabil during 2016-2017 school year. We used proportional stratified random sampling. The sample size was determined to be 291 participants using Morgan Table. The instruments included “Salmela-Aro and Naatanen’s Academic Burnout Questionnaire”, “D'Zurilla and Nezu’s Social Problem-solving Skills Inventory”, “Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire”, “Ilroy and Bunting’s Academic Conscience Questionnaire” and “Ryan and Pintrich’s Academic Help-Seeking Scale”. The results consistent with the hypotheses showed that adaptive social problem-solving skills had negative effect on academic burnout. Maladaptive social problem-solving skills and psychological capital had positive effect on academic burnout. In addition, the negative effect of seeking academic help as a mediator in the relationship between adaptive social problem-solving skills and academic burnout was confirmed. Furthermore, the positive effect of seeking academic help as a mediator in the relationship between maladaptive social problem-solving skills and academic burnout was confirmed. Academic conscience, as the mediator between psychological capital and academic burnout, was found to have an indirect and negative effect. And finally, the model with the experimental data from the study has a good fit.

Emotional impairment are an obvious feature of most autistic people. The inability to mind reading is the sum of problems in understanding own and others' moods and emotions, as well as a defect in emotional functioning. The aim of this study was to design emotional reading training to improve the skills of diagnosing, interpreting and applying the emotional states of high-function autistic children.

The present study is experimental type, with pre-test, post-test design, and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study includes all students with autism, high function, centers, especially autism in Tehran. Of the total target population, 16 high-performance autistic boys who had the criteria to enter the experiment were selected as available samples and randomly assigned to two experimental (8) and control (8) groups.  The mind-reading training program was implemented in 14 consecutive training sessions at the April 2 Rehabilitation Center for the experimental group. The computer excitability test was used to assess emotional ability, and the data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and repeated measurements.

The results showed that the mind-reading training program significantly improved and enhanced emotional functions in the experimental group.

Due to the effectiveness of the mind reading program on the emotional functions of autistic people, it is recommended as an intervention method for use in autism rehabilitation centers.

The purpose of this study was to determine and anticipate academic Cheating in students based on educational satisfaction, academic motivation and Self-handicapping. This research was carried out through descriptive correlational method and the statistical population of this study was 12215 students of Bu-Ali Sinai University. A sample of 300 students was selected. Using cluster sampling method, the clustering of the community based on the college and then its classification based on gender and gender selection were done. The required data were collected using Hartre's Educational Motivation Questionnaire (1981), Jones and Rudolt's academic Self-handicapping (1982), Mohseni's educational satisfaction (2010), and Frasat’s attitude toward academic Cheating (1392). Using multiple linear regression Simultaneously analyzed.The results of the analyzes showed that the variables considered including educational satisfaction and academic motivation and Self-handicapping were in general 15% related to the student's tendency toward academic Cheating (p ) Additionally, academic self-sufficiency alone can predict 39% of the students' academic motivation and 17% of the student's attitudes toward academic Cheating (p = 0.01).Based on these findings, if we want to reduce the amount of counterfeit students' behavior, we have to take steps to increase the student's academic motivation; as Self-handicapping of students decreases, the probability of their tendency toward academic Cheating Will also decrease.

The purpose of this study was to predict the academic achievement of ADHD students based on family functions and mindfulness, acceptance, and practice. This study was a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of ADHD students referring to the Wall Rehabilitation Center in Karaj city in 1398. The sample size was 300 students who were selected using the available sampling method and Cochran formula. Data were collected using the Academic Success Inventory for College Students (ASICS), Family Assessment Device (FAD), The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 23. The findings showed that the most important predictors of academic achievement were family functioning and mindfulness, acceptance, and practice, respectively. The most important predictors of academic performance in the components of family functions were role, behavior control, and emotional attachment, respectively. Notes can be useful tips for educators and families.

The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of ethical intelligence training in educational ethic and educational self-efficacy in tenth grade female students. The research method was experimental with unbalanced control group design. The statistical population consisted of 771 students of 10th grade girl students in zanjan city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 1 experimental group and 1 control group were divided and replaced. Subjects in both groups completed the questionnaires of academic ethics and academic self-efficacy in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 11 sessions of 90 minutes of ethical intelligence training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Results of covariance analysis showed that moral intelligence training had an effect on increasing students' academic ethics and academic self-efficacy (P˂0.001). Overall, the results of this study showed that to increase students' academic ethics and academic self-efficacy, using ethical intelligence training is effective.

The purpose of this study was to The effectiveness of ethical intelligence training in educational ethic and educational self-efficacy in tenth grade female students. The research method was experimental with unbalanced control group design. The statistical population consisted of 771 students of 10th grade girl students in zanjan city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 1 experimental group and 1 control group were divided and replaced. Subjects in both groups completed the questionnaires of academic ethics and academic self-efficacy in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 11 sessions of 90 minutes of ethical intelligence training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Results of covariance analysis showed that moral intelligence training had an effect on increasing students' academic ethics and academic self-efficacy (P˂0.001). Overall, the results of this study showed that to increase students' academic ethics and academic self-efficacy, using ethical intelligence training is effective.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment style and the components of subjective well-being and emotional creativity in students in Bu-Ali Sina University and the correlation research method. The research sample consisted of 367 students from Bu-Ali Sina University who were selected by stepwise cluster sampling method. The questionnaires of adult attachment style of Collins and Reed, subjective well being of Diener and Watson and emotional creativity of Avrill were used as the research tool. The data were analyzed after collection based on the research hypotheses and using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple simultaneous regression. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between attachment styles and subjective well being and its components. Also, a significant positive relationship was shown between secure attachment style and emotional creativity and its components, a significant positive relationship was shown between anxiety attachment style and preparetion emotioncomponent, and a significant negative relationship was shown between avoidant attachment style and novelty component. Multiple regression results showed that the attachment style of students in total predicts 0.11% from the subjective well-being scores and 0.27% from emotional creativity scores. Overall, the results indicated the importance of the role of the attachment style in the subjective well-being and the emotional creativity of the students.

This study was an attempt to investigate relationship between spiritual intelligence, hope and responsibility wih academic achievement of high school female students of Langroud city. The population of the study was all third-grade high school of female students (1217 persons) in city. Sample of the study were 318 students who selected through random cluster sampling and base of Gessy and Morgan table who respond to spiritual intelligence self-report (king, 2008), hope measure (snyder, 1991) and responsibility California personality measure (1951). Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics included Pearson ‘s correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results showed significant correlation between subscales of spiritual intelligence and subscales of hope and responsibility with academic achievement. Also, the result of regression analysis showed that spiritual intelligence, hope and responsibility were predicting to academic achievement (R2= 0.46). So, it can be concluded that in order to improve students 'academic achievement along with formal education, students' psychological dimensions should be considered.

Although various researchers such as Keller (2018) have tried, to develop comprehensive theory models such as motivational design models, to strengthen the understanding of psychologists and educationalists of differentiation in learners' motivational profiles, but because of the mere emphasis on the paradigm of empiricism and the sheer focus on the logic of quantitative research, certainly, in the process of developing educational programs to reinforce students' motivational positions, they are survived with a deep and comprehensive understanding of the Health-centered educational lifestyle inhibitory behaviors Therefore, the researchers in this study attempted to answer the question by using descriptive phenomenological research method that are the most important antecedent elements of demotivation in Iranian students? For this purpose, 50 students in the seventh and eighth grades were selected from among students of Ray city in Tehran province to reach information saturation level and were interviewed in the form of 12 focus groups of 4-5 peoples. After recording and transcribing the interviews, data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. From the data analysis, eight main themes are included Perceived relevance with life, academic self-efficacy, a sense of control and coercion, intimate relationships, perceived unfairness, lack of interest and attention to the lesson, self-regulation, and classroom experience of emotion were extracted. In sum, the results of the present study align with the mental angles of the comprehensive model of Keller motivational design, it provided further evidence in defense of the interpretive role of the emotional information element in predicting Iranian learners' motivational deficits. In addition, the results of the present study showed that improving the student / teacher / parent interpersonal relationship model of behavior with emphasis on understanding and improving learners' emotional experiences is the most effective way to improve their motivational profile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial and social capital with the tendency of young people to the subculture of deviant foreign groups. The research was fundamental in terms of purpose and correlational. The statistical population of the study is the students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year of 1997-96, when 200 people were selected as the sample population using Cochran's formula. In this study, the Avolio (2007) questionnaires were used to measure psychological capital and the researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure social capital. alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire, which was 0.83. Descriptive and inferential used to analyze the findings. Findings show that there is a significant inverse relationship between psychological capital and its components (resilience, optimism) and social capital and its components with a tendency to subculture of deviant groups. The results of multivariate regression also confirmed the relationship between the components of resilience, optimism, social trust and social commitment with a tendency to subculture of deviant groups. Considering the inverse relationship between the components of trust and social commitment with a tendency to subculture of deviant groups, it can be concluded that by increasing trust and social commitment among young people, their tendency to groups can be concluded. Deviation of the cassette. Also, the effect coefficient of resilience and optimism variable was - 0.248 and -02.224, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to comparison of the effectiveness of brain-based learning and executive functions training on meta-memory in children with special learning disabilities.

This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all the children with special learning disabilities referred to the center of district of Tehran in 2018-109, 45 children with special learning disabilities were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15 child) and control (15 child). The experimental groups underwent brain-based learning (8 sessions 60 minutes) and executive functions training (20 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. To collect data Colorado learning difficulties questionnaire of Willcutt, Boada, Riddle, Chhabildas, DeFries & Pennington (2011) and meta-memory scale of Esnaashari, HoseinChari, Jowka, Fooladchang, Khormaei (2018). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (multivariable analyze of covariance and Bonferroni).

The results showed that both of the brain-based learning and executive functions training used in this study can significantly improve the meta-memory in children with special learning disabilities. But the brain-based learning has a greater impact on the meta-memory in children with special learning disabilities.

Based on the results of this study, brain-based learning and executive functions training are effective interventions on meta-memory in children with special learning disabilities, but the effect of the brain-based learning was greater.

Since life is constantly changing and people face new and increasing challenges, adapting to themselves and the environment is a must for the living being. The purpose of this study was to develop a structural model of social adjustment based on academic self-efficacy and family functioning mediated by cognitive strategies. The research method was correlational descriptive. The statistical population of the study consisted of 308 nursing students (MA) in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Based on Morgan table, 220 students (110 boys, 110 girls) were selected through stratified random sampling. The results showed that the structural model of social adjustment with family function and academic self-efficacy mediated by metacognitive strategies on nursing students showed empirical data. Structural analysis also showed that two variables of family functioning and self-efficacy beliefs directly and indirectly through students' metacognition had a significant effect on students' social adjustment and metacognitive variables had a significant effect on students' social adjustment. Considering the influence of environmental factors that are constantly changing itself, it is necessary to pay attention to the ability to adapt to these conditions.

The purpose of this study was to design a learning environment based on Transformative Learning Theory for high school students. The research method was across-stage mixed model. For this purpose, the data were collected and analyzed by qualitative method, in addition to consider validity and reliability by quantitative method. Also, to extract the dimensions, components and indicators of learning environment based on Transformative Learning Theory, all texts, books, journal articles and conferences were analyzed by content analysis method and qualitative data were collected. Education and psychology experts then confirmed, rejected, or confirmed the findings. After considering the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire on the obtained dimensions, components and indices, a model of transformative learning based learning environment was presented. The results showed that the model of learning environment based on Transformative Learning Theory has 84 items (indices), 16 components and 5 dimensions. Based on the results of this model, five indicators of learning environment are: 1) Dimensions of educational factors including: teacher role components, change in teacher preparation and research methods, change in Proofism, knowledge-based environment, learner-centered environment, practical activities and problem-based teaching. 2) Supporting dimensions include components of artistic and creative cultural activities, support factors, and synergies of experiences and interactions. 3) Dimensions of non-educational factors, including the components of significant life changes and social factors. 4) Axial Critical dimension includes the components of critical thinking, discourse and emancipation. 5) Dimensions of self-knowledge include components of the self-process and emotional intelligence.