نشریه فناوری و گیاهان دارویی ایران
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار و تابستان 1399)

To evaluate the intercropping of lemon balm and peppermint, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and five treatments in the Forest and Rangeland Research Station of Chamestan for one year in 2013. The experiment was conducted. The treatments consisted of lemon balm single cropping, lemon balm intercropped with 75% + 25% peppermint, lemon balm intercropped 50% + 50% peppermint, lemon balm intercropped with 25% + 75% peppermint and peppermint sole cropping. Land equivalence ratio (LER) was used to evaluate the usefulness of intercropping. Properties were measured in lemon balm and peppermint were such as plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant, and fresh and dry of aerial parts weight yield. The results showed that some of the intercropping patterns were influenced on the lemon balm in some of the properties such as fresh and dry weight per plant, fresh and dry of aerial parts weight yield, and plant height and the number of branches per plant. The highest fresh and dry weight of the aerial parts and LER were obtained from 25% peppermint + 75% peppermint intercropping pattern. The highest LER was 0.98. The ratio of land equivalence in all of the intercropping patterns was less than one. In spite of the lack of superiority of intercropping to single cropping, due to the increased yield of fresh and dried yield lemon balm in intercropping, this method of cultivation is recommended for further studies with other legume species.

Among the most important factors affecting the development of the medicinal plants industry are the technical capabilities of producers in the field of economic production and the profitability of medicinal plants. In order to investigation profitability indices of cultivation and production of medicinal plant of jujube activity used engineering economic methods including Net present value (NPV), Benefit-cost ratio (B/C) and Safety return. Data of this study collected to documentary method from Ghom province in 2019. Results showed that, capital and current expenses for the construction of one hectare of Jujube orchards in the study year were 216 Iranian million rials. During periods, Net present value of activity with discount rates of 15 and 18 percent, was estimated 1.6 and 1.3 Iranian million rials, respectively. Benefit-cost ratio of activity with discount rates of 15 and 18 percent was estimated 4.5 and 4.1 unit, respectively. Thus, based on profitability indices, implementation of this study was economic. In the first year of fruiting, Safety return of this product was estimated 89.8 percent, In the sense that one rial of sales resulted in %89.8 profit.

In order to study biomass yield in flowing stage and morphological traits, 12 populations M. pulegium were evaluated in a field experiment in the Alborz research station, Karaj Iran in 2014. Seeds of  the accessions were sown as spaced planet using complete randomized block in two replications. Each plot contains 20 spaced plants with 50×50 cm distance. The drip irrigation system was used for irrigation. In The first year, due to poor establishment no data were collrvted. In the second year, data were collected for fresh and dry matter yield, plant height, stems number, flower number per plant, the canopy diameter and infloescence length. Result showed significant differences between accessions for all of the traits (p < 0.01). Mean comparisons between populations showed that, Marivan and, 22381-Arak with values of 824 and 375.6 g/p had the highest aerial fresh and dry weight. In terms of plant height, the populations of 22381 and 22391-Arak with average values of 82.6 and 81.8 cm had the highest stem length, respectively. The highest inflorescence length with average values of 11.6 and 10.7 cm were observed in 22391-Arak and Gorgan, respectively. For flower number, Miandoab with 60 flowers per plant had the highest number. Using cluster analysis, the populations were split into two groups with 8 and 4 populations in cluster 1 and 2, respectively. The overall mean values in populations of cluster 1 were higher than cluster 2. It was concluded that the populations of Marivan and 22381-Arak had the highest aerial fresh and dry weight and can be used for improved breeding varieties.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extract and essential oil of medicinal plants are evaluated by cytogenetic experiments and parameters like mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Securigera cecuridaca seeds, Adiantum capillus-veneris leaves, and Trachyspermum ammi fruits on meristem cells of Allium cepa root and its growth was the aims of this study. Twenty gram of powdered samples were poured in to separate Erlenmeyer flask and 100 ml of distillated water were added. The flasks were covered by aluminum foil and shacked for 24 hours. Then extracts were filtered and centrifuged. In order to determine percentage of mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations 3000 cells were countered for each treatment and by division of mitotic cells and chromosomal aberrations numbers to total cells multiply to 100 were calculated. The results showed that the reduction of mitotic index and root growth of onion are related to extract concentration. The highest cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are related to aqueous extracts of A. capillus-veneris leaves and S. securodaca seeds, respectively. The extracts of three plants induced chromosomal aberrations such as C-mitosis, chromosomal stickiness, loss and laggard chromosome, chromosomal bridge, micronucleus and also cell death in the root meristematic cells of onion. The extract of S. cecuridaca seeds had the highest genotoxicity. Root of Allium cepa test is a rapid and efficient method for evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants. This study shows that consumption of medicinal plants must be with precaution.

Quantitative ethnobotany of medicinal plants is one of the most important branches of traditional knowledge that deals with the quantitative discovery and analysis of human relationships with medicinal plants. Since the forests of Zagros are the cradle of various local communities that have a long-standing relationship with the forest, in this study, the traditional relationship between the local communities of the common-law forest area of Harabalout in Nourabad Mamasani city, Fars province with woody species (trees, shrubs and bushe) was studied. The data of this study were collected by snowball sampling method, using key informants and purposively selective. An attempt was made to use a combination of interview methods, direct observation and participatory observation. Data were analyzed using quantitative indicators of Relative Importance Index (RI) and Cultural Importance Index (CI). According to the results, 12 medicinal woody species were identified in the region including 7 trees, 3 shrubs and 2 bushes. In general, the values of the indices were higher for tree species than other forms. The highest index of RI (1) and CI (5.92) were calculated for Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) and the lowest of them with values of 0.31 and 0.48 belonged to Teucrium polium L., respectively. The results of this study, in addition to confirming the richness of traditional knowledge related to woody medicinal plants in the study area, emphasized the usefulness of quantitative indicators in ethnobotany studies.

In order to compare the effect of organic, biological, nano and chemical fertilizers on growth characteristics and yield of Marigold, a field experiment was conducted in 2015 in a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and three replications. Experimental treatments included rotten cow manure, municipal waste compost with and without inoculation of Pseudomonas putida, vermicompost with and without bacterial inoculation, Nanobiomic, ZFM Nano chelate, Bioorganic Nanocomposite, NPK chemical fertilizer (in the ratio of 150: 50 : 50 kg.ha-1 of urea,: triple superphosphate:potassium sulfate, respectively) and control treatment (without fertilizer). The highest leaf area index (3.82) and leaf dry weight (164 g.m2) and total dry weigh (353 g.m2) were observed in vermicompost treatment with P. putida which significantly increased by 53.3%, 86.3% and 57.0% compared to the control, respectively. The highest fresh weight, dry weight and number of flowers were observed at 309 g.m-2, 57 g.m-2 and 284 per m-2 in bioorganic nanocomposite treatment, which increased by 27%, 29% and 59% compared to the control, respectively. Results also indicated that the number of flowers had the highest positive and significant correlation with flower dry weight (r = 0.95**), flower fresh weight (r = 0.93**), leaf area index (r = 0.77**), leaf dry weight (r = 0.75**) and grain yield (r = 0.76**). Finally, the use of cow manure and municipal waste compost fertilizers are more economical than vermicompost and are recommended for Pot marigold.

The production of active ingredients in medicinal plants is controlled by genetic processes, but is also strongly influenced by environmental factors. Hairy St. Jonh’s wort (Hypericum hirsutum L.)is an important medicinal plant that often grown in highlands. Since the intensity of ultraviolet in these areas is high,Therefore, in this study was investigated the effect of different levels of ultraviolet on growth and some secondary metabolites and compounds of this plant.The experiment was conducted as a pot culture with five treatments and each treatment with four repetitions.The plants were exposed to four different levels of ultraviolet including 3,5,15 and 25 Kj m-2day, and a set was considered as a control. After 51days of planting the plants that had been treated for 21days, the measurements were performed. Increasing the intensity of ultraviolet reduced the shoot fresh and dry weight, shoot length, internodes length, the content of chlorophylla and total chlorophyll and soluble sugars, each at the intensities of 25 kJm-2day.The concentrations of phenols, flavonoids and malondialdehyde significantly increased with increasing of ultraviolet radiation intensity and highest concentrations were detected at25 kJ m-2day.The concentrations of anthocyanins and hydrogen peroxide in plants treated by 5and15 kJ m-2day; and the concentrations of carotenoids in plants treated by 3and 5kJ m-2day showed a significant difference with the control.The results of this study showed that the collection of seeds of Hypericum hirsutum from a height of about 2110 meters due to the presence of ultraviolet rays caused a change in the biochemical composition of the plant .