Iranian Journal of Comparative Education
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

The aim of present study is to compare curriculum of media literacy education in schools in Canada, Iran and the United States in order to benefit from the experiences of pioneer and active countries. The present study is a qualitative and applied research that was conducted by Bereday’s Comparative Method. Canada was chosen for being a leader in media literacy education, and the United States because of its diverse approaches. The data were collected and analyzed in an attributive process by referring to authoritative scientific articles and websites of the Ministry of Education and reputable media literacy education societies of selected countries. In order to increase validity of original documents and to increase reliability, self-assessment was performed by the researchers. To indicate similarities and differences among selected countries John Stuart Mill approach was used. The findings reveal most similarities in methods of teaching-learning and most differences in content organization. Curriculum planners in Iran are advised to use media literacy as an essential skill, using a reciprocal and spiral curriculum approach, at all levels of education and more attention to component of the media message production and role of students in the learning process.

Anxiety has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the new millennium. The pressures of modern life, along with the rise of political crises such as war, have increased the number of people with mental illness around the world. At the same time, role of religion in human life has increased. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare causes and treatment of anxiety from perspective of the Qur'an and the Old Testament with new schools of psychology. This research has been done with a historical comparative approach. The method of data collection is documentary from the main sources - the Qur'an and the Old Testament - as well as secondary sources - books and articles - and method of data analysis is based on adoption of micro-analysis model. The first findings of study showed that view of the Qur'an and the Old Testament on disorder of anxiety is basically based on separation of "worldly anxiety" from "otherworldly anxiety". The Qur'an, the Old Testament, and the new schools of psychology also agree on the division of anxiety into good and bad. Second finding shows that modern schools of psychology insist on secular methods of treating anxiety, while the most important methods of treating anxiety from a Qur'an and Old Testament perspectives are religious advice. Considering the findings of study, it seems that use of scientific solutions by psychologists combined with use of religious recommendations can be more effective in reducing anxiety.

The rights of foreign nationals are enshrined in all international treaties and accepted by most countries around the world. Nevertheless, these rights have been challenged in the Middle East over the past four decades due to the escalation of political and religious conflicts, wars and the migration of millions to other countries, the purpose of this paper is to compare the educational rights of foreign nationals in the Iranian and French legal systems.The method of research is comparative and selection of countries is based on targeted sampling. The structured search method was used to collect data and the data analysis method was directed content analysis. The research findings show that there are similarities between the French and Iran legal systems in terms of accepting international treaties - in which the educational rights of foreign nationals are clearly recognized. The main differences between these legal systems are the lack of a clear law on the practical implementation of the educational rights of foreign nationals for about forty years, the multiplicity of law codification centers for foreign nationals and lack of attention to role of mothers in issuing birth certificates for children in Iran and lack of clarity of educational laws relating to foreign nationals in France. Based on research findings, Iranian legislators are encouraged to review the laws related to the educational rights of foreign nationals, given the need to harmonize laws with the new developments in societies, as well as international law.

Change in political system of Iran in the late 1970s led to a change in division of sciences. This change was mainly based on division of human sciences into two groups, Islamic and non-Islamic, by the revolutionaries. Thus, Islamic psychology and Islamic law came to the fore and were considered for behavior analysis. Due to the increase in crime in Iranian society and judicial cases, as well as the profound influence of Iran's legal and educational system on Islam; the purpose of this paper is to re-analyze relationship between temperament and crime, considering the views of Islamic psychologists. The present research method was of qualitative content analysis type, statistical population including all works related to research topic, and targeted sampling method was used to select sources. The researchers looked at the inference classification method for data analysis. Findings show that relationship between temperament and crime can be considered as an oldest theory in this regard, while scientific advances have brought many alternative theories. Another finding of the study shows that in determining punishment for criminals, the attention of Islamic psychologists is focused on Implementation of justice theory; while through examining verses of Qur'an cannot find much evidence to support biological crime theory. In practice, the biological theory of crime has not been accepted by legislators of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Islamic psychologists need to reconsider it.

The current comparative study investigated the degree of contribution of awareness of poetry reading strategies in L1 and general proficiency in L2 to comprehension of poetic texts in L2 in EFL (Iran) and ESL (India) contexts of Iran and India. Totally, 221 Indian and Iranian pre-university students took the Nelson English proficiency test, poetry reading comprehension test in English, and a questionnaire about awareness of strategies for reading poetry in L1. Quantitative analysis of data using descriptive and regression analysis techniques showed the total regression weight for the two independent variables was more for the Iranian context than the Indian context. Likewise, separate analysis of each of the two independent variables indicated that the contributions of awareness of poetry reading strategies as well as language proficiency to English poetry reading comprehension are more in the Iranian context than in the Indian context. It was also found that poetry reading strategies and proficiency at two high and low levels do not contribute similarly to poetry reading comprehension for Iranian EFL and Indian ESL groups. As the context of learning affects the degree of the contributions of the awareness of poetry reading strategies in L1,  and language proficiency in English to poetry reading comprehension in English, it is recommended that material developers and English languages teachers consider the importance of contextual factors (EFL vs. ESL) contributing to effective reading comprehension of poetic texts in English.

The Sociological critique is one of the most widely used types of criticism that has gradually entered other fields of science, including sociology of education. This article seeks to examine and analyze the novel by an Egyptian author to show how the components of power are reproduced through social systems such as educational system and in societies such as those in the Middle East. The purpose of this article is to analyze content of Jamal al-Ghitani's novel "al-Zayani Barakat" according to Michel Foucault's sociological theory in a socio-educational field. The research findings confirm Foucault's theory of power-knowledge relationship in text of this literary work. Another finding suggests that content analysis of a novel can provide strong support for explaining role of organization such as education system in maintaining power structure. The present critique provides a new framework for analyzing views of thinkers in the field of educational sociology in other fields of knowledge. The paper concludes with a brief summary that texts that seem to address private issues can shed light on sociological dimensions of educational system.