مجله شهرسازی ایران
پیاپی 5 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Climate differences are visible all throughout Iran and in some cases, these climates have one or more similar characteristics. In both mild- humid climates and hot- humid climates, high humidity is a common climatic factor, very distruptive for the comfort of its inhabitants. In the past, buildings were built according to the climate of each region and natural energy and resources were used to create comfort. The most effective way to control high humidity is applying the wind energy. Wind energy has long been used in various fields of production and architecture. Today, humans have wasted energy and increased costs by neglecting previously used climatic factors. Climate design can be considered as a way to reduce  energy costs of a building. In this paper, examples in cities of Gorgan and Bushehr have been compared in order to find common and different solutions to solve humidity issues. The research method in this paper is descriptive analytical and comparative and samples are purposefully selected.

One of the achievements of the increasing progress of advanced technology and machine life is the citizens turning to isolation and sinking into their daily problems and worries, which leads to personal stress and depression and makes the current urban communities more and more unhappy. Lack of happiness in urban spaces and lack of space to express the hidden feelings of citizens, encourages them to live a fast life and expands the resulting psychological stress. In order to deal with the growing psychological problems, the role of cities in responding to human needs in order to achieve healthy and happy cities has become more important. The purpose of this study is to create happy spaces in order to create peace of mind and to create this identity and belonging in space so that this identity and belonging to space overcomes the feeling of escaping from today's urban spaces and causes more citizens and the presence of society and Provided happier urban spaces. In order to achieve this goal, emphasizing the physical, environmental and social dimensions urban spaces, the criteria were explained according to the research background. The obtained criteria include relationship with nature, pedestrianism, cycling, color, visual harmony, Active walls, sense of place, safety and social interactions. These criteria were analyzed using Friedman test in SPSS software and the result indicates that active walls, visual harmony and color are the most important criteria, which indicates that a more physical dimension. It will have an impact on the happiness and vitality of the people and residents, and finally, according to the research findings, solutions in this field have been presented.

Gilles Deleuze's philosophy is an inherently spatial that focuses on the ways in which human and non-human elements are arranged into heterogeneous and multiple agencements. The main concern of this philosophy is becomings belong to geography; becomings which are more than a simply assemblage and have the ability to bringing-into-existence of its own agency that called an “agencement”. What makes an assemblage into an agencement is the relations between the entities or elements. Therefore, what is important are the relations between the elements, rather than the elements themselves. This paper seeks to explain how such a philosophy can be used as an analytical and critical framework that help us understand the way realities in urbanity and urban planning comes into being and changes over time. One of the most important lessons that urbanists have learned from Deleuze's philosophy was that they should focus on constructive becomings and the processes by which urban realities are bringing-into-existence, whilst the concern of urban planners should also be to help produce multiple, empowering, open, creative, democratic and inclusive urban spaces.

The microclimate of urban open spaces is influenced by several factors such as urban morphology and geometry, urban density, vegetation, water level and surface characteristics. As more than a quarter of the urban areas are usually covered by streets, designing urban streets plays an important role in creating the urban climate. Among the influential and observable climatic elements in the thermal comfort of the streets, we can mention the wind flow.
The main goal of this study is to measure thermal comfort in the study area and to investigate the factors affecting the creation of thermal comfort with emphasis on wind flow, and for this purpose, strategies and solutions which are appropriate and applicable are presented in the area.
In this article, a part of Ferdowsi Street, between Ferdowsi Square and the intersection of Jomhuri Eslami, has been selected as a case study. Essential data were collected by field harvest in three days of June 1398 and modeled using ENVI MET software. In the results, we can see the effect of street geometry and vegetation on providing thermal comfort to pedestrians.

Nowadays the development of small towns is considered as an effective strategy for regional imbalances and reduces the problems such as the concentration of population, activities and services in the large cities. In Iran, most of the population, activities and services are concentrated in large cities and have created imbalance in the region or country. Bushehr province, like other parts of the country, faces inequality and imbalances in the optimal distribution of services and facilities which causes extensive migrations to major cities of the province or metropolises of the country and collapses the hierarchical order of the settlement system of the region or country. This research seeks to investigate the role of Bandar Deylam in equilibrium of Bushehr province by using the methods of Elasticiablity Index and Social Network Analysis.
The results indicate that the attracting of population and the rate of elasticity of Bandar Deylam was reduced in the last decade (2006-2016). Also, Bandar Deylam can provide services to the peripheral settlements only in the fields of industry and fishing and it is not dependent on other settlements. But to receive superior services in other functional fields, it refers to Bandar Genaveh as a small intermediate city.
In general, Bandar Deylam plays the little role in balancing and developing the province, Despite its many potentials. In the end, some suggestions was offered for strengthen and improve the role of Bandar Deylam as a small town.

The growth and expansion of cities and the changes that have taken place in urban plans and landscapes have not had the necessary coordination with the increase in population and the upward trend of people's age and disability. From the presentation and implementation of many projects, it is clear that the needs of many sections of society, including the elderly and the disabled, are not taken into account. Therefore, there are always groups of people who face many problems, including adapting the environment and the lack of a suitable urban landscape, and do not find a suitable place to attend. The elderly and the disabled are among the many problems facing the city. Despite their desire to participate in social interactions and use public spaces, they do not have a suitable urban space that allows them to live independently. In other words, the elderly and the disabled like to prove that they have abilities by fulfilling responsibilities and building social relationships with their neighbors. But do public spaces in our cities meet the needs of the elderly and the disabled and provide adequate facilities for this segment of society? Certainly, many factors such as land use, urban texture, accessibility, attendance, equipment and urban furniture are influential in the design of the city. This study examines the factors and shortcomings of the needs of the elderly and the disabled to create social interaction and presence in public spaces (a case study of Ardabil city of Shorabil recreation and tourism area) and finally according to the rules and standards to design spaces and places. It deals with equipment and facilities appropriate to the needs of the elderly and the disabled, using design software such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, etc.

The purpose of this article is to review the concept of creative class as a causal mechanism and its role in urban regeneration. Which will begin by examining and focusing on the conceptual and theoretical content of the cultural and creative industries and critique the relationship between the creative industries and urban growth, development and regeneration. The article seeks to clarify the relationship between the concepts of creativity, culture and creative industries with urban regeneration and finally, with a method based on review, description and analysis shows that policymakers to achieve more successful results of urban regeneration is necessary to the presence of cultural industries. And be aware of creativity as a link between the production and consumption of cultural services. And as a result, is determined; This concept will play a significant role in the interpretation and understanding of cultural production in contemporary cities and its relationship with the growth and development of the city in social, economic, cultural and physical dimensions. It also invested in the preservation of tangible and intangible cultural assets, inherent in the traditional culture of any city, as a stimulus and potential for the development of that city, and the generator of a cultural economy.

The importance of an organization is as much as the people trust it, and this important thing can not be achieved unless it satisfies the citizens and the clients and provides appropriate services to the citizens. Gaining people's trust and increasing it is one of the basic principles of social capital, and in general, the amount of social capital in each group or society indicates the amount of people's trust in each other. In this way, governments can strengthen the foundations of public trust and strengthen their popular support by strengthening social capital through transparent and responsible accountability to the people as clients. On the other hand, the structure of the country's administrative system indicates the fact that the issue of citizens' satisfaction has been less considered in the planning of organizations and general administrations. In many cases, there is no defined feedback on the services provided in the executive apparatus, and the collection and classification, analysis of views, suggestions and criticisms of clients, and finally its use as a monitoring tool in the process of activities, in order to optimize Things did not have a proper place. The pathology of the executive management system of the country shows that the bureaucratic system suffers from the effects of lack of participatory spirit, participatory seeking, lack of accountability to the people, uncriticism, centralism, inflexibility, prioritization of personal interests in public institutions over public interests. Work is the overcoming of indifference to the result of work and the dominance of the demanding spirit in dealing with the client as citizens.

The fact that the physical context enables the recognition of urban identity visually and therefore is more important than other dimensions of identity, from this recognition of the threats of the urban body will be an effective step for sustainable development. Every physical space is created in order to take on a certain activity and to meet the needs and wants of its users. The formation and development of cities in the past was based on the needs of society in its time and its form in each period was influenced by the position and role of religion, customs and in general the worldview of the people of that city in that period . The research method of this research will be based on the nature of the research problem, causal research method and correlation. Attempts are made to identify the variables affecting the problem that are obtained through the theoretical foundations of the dissertation and study experiences. First, it set the appropriate indicators for component analysis. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. In other words, applied research is directed towards the practical application of knowledge. Sustainable development is above all a socio-economic concept whose content varies according to culture, time and distance, and can only be understood by adopting a comprehensive approach. When poor people are concentrated in a well-defined area, urban issues grow geometrically.

Due to the climatic conditions and geographical location of District 22, this area is the only wind corridor in the city, and the current elevations will only destroy the city's hope of reducing air pollution. Also, these aimless elevations have created amorphous and carefree spaces that weaken the sense of fame and vitality and reduce the quality of life. Ignorance of the existing laws of high ranking and the lack of basic and fundamental studies in this field clearly justifies the design of an issue based on the evaluation of high ranking laws, especially in the city of Tehran. Quality of life is mainly defined by overall life satisfaction and mental perception of a person's living conditions. This study focuses on the "impact of high-ranking and its guiding laws on quality of life" in order to identify the components that affect the level of citizens' satisfaction with their quality of life. The purpose of the research is to provide solutions for organizing the laws controlling high-ranking officials and the research question is, will high-ranking officials have a positive effect on improving the quality of life? Given that the city of Tehran needs high-rise construction in its current form, but the opinion of decision-makers is based on encouraging high-density high-rise construction, at the same time, this trend is completely contrary to the environmental conditions of the city. Accordingly, there is a need to further investigate the impact of high-rise buildings as one of the main elements of the cityscape as well as landmarks in the city. Because tall buildings can have a significant impact on the character of a city due to their great impact as urban landmarks.
 

The development of tourism as a set of economic activities has a great impact on strengthening the economic foundations of communities. In the new era, the tourism industry has become one of the main pillars of the world trade economy and today it is known as an invisible industry in the process of globalization. The role of tourism as a new source of income, higher tax revenues, foreign exchange absorption and strengthening the social infrastructure that promotes the growth and development of industry, has been confirmed in numerous studies. So that today, the development and promotion of tourism is widely accepted in developing countries. The purpose of this study is; Analysis of the effects of tourism-related infrastructure development on the economic and social status of the host community and according to the problem and the purpose of realization, the research question can be expressed as follows: What are the effects of tourism-related infrastructure development on the (local) host community? ? In ranking potential, actual and emerging criteria, the potential factor with a relative weight of 0.614 is also the most important. The emerging factor with a relative weight of 0.268 is the next priority, and finally the actual situations with a relative weight of 0.117 are the last priority. Prioritization of the type of capacity (ecological, institutional, structural, socio-cultural and economic) also indicates that the socio-cultural factor with a relative weight of 0.415 is the most important. The economic factor with a relative weight of 0.321 is in the next priority of the ecological factor, with a weight of 0.141 is in the third place, and finally the institutional factor with a relative weight of 0.124 is in the last priority.

Maintaining and strengthening legibility and identity in the city and in each of its spaces is always one of the most important goals that, regardless of the type of space or location of the city or space, should be considered by the designer and city manager. There are many tools to achieve this goal, and paying attention to each of them can lead us to the desired result. Color is one of the most important elements that can help us to create legibility and a sense of unity and create a sense of place, simply and at a lower cost than construction. One of the most important goals is to achieve the identity and vision of the city. Examining the color history of a city, or more precisely, its color palette, helps us to preserve it or to define a specific color palette for each city whose constituent elements are the same color words or in fact types. Be colors that in combination together define the color face of urban spaces. Even now that our cities are in a state of extreme turmoil and color anonymity, with the naming of certain cities, specific color spectrums come to life in the minds of all of us. This is the expectation we have of the identity and role of that city, and the designer must work to strengthen it. In many cases, the color palette in a city has been used for so many years that it has become a powerful symbol. Many cities, villages and regions have acquired their own colorful traditions over the years.