Chemical Methodologies
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan- Feb 2021

In the present study, in order to evaluate the benefits and side effects of two angiographic methods through radial and femoral arteries in angiographic patients, we applied SPSS software and statistical operations including Fisher Exact, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. This case study was performed on patients of Shaheed Behesti Hospital in Qom in 2017. The results of the present study showed that the incidence of complications such as catheter pain, hematoma, swelling, bruising and duration of hospitalization in the femoral angiography group was more than the radial group. However, due to the fact that the duration of contact radiation and duration of fluoroscopy in the group of femoral angiography was less than radial, depending on the case and according to the patient and the existence of various risk factors in the patient, the decision should be made for femoral or radial angiography for the patient. On the other hand, if the duration of surgery extended and the amount of radiation received by the patient increases, femoral angiography is more important, and when complications such as hematoma and symptoms are present, radial angiography is used, which is different depending on the case.

For simultaneous extraction and determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p -xylenes, and o-xylene (BTEX) gas chromatography -flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction were used for real water samples. To have an efficient sorbent, magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4@GO) was synthesized and utilized in the process of microextraction. The analytes were adsorbed by vortexing, supernatant was decanted using a magnet, and the sorbent was eluted using a proper solvent. Screening and optimizing significant variables in the process of microextraction were carried out following a two-stage approach, including Plackett-Burman screening design, and central composite design, accompanied by response surface analysis. The ranges of linear dynamic were 10 - 3000 ng mL– 1 and limits of detection were 3-10 ng mL– 1. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day were blow 8.0 and 10.0% (n=5), respectively. The introduced technique was implemented in real water samples successfully, and the relative percentages of recovery determined for the spiked water samples at 200.0 ng mL– 1 ranged from 80.3 to 103.0%.

Dyes pose significant environmental threat due to their wide application in industries. Since dyes are not properly refined through common processes and are usually accompanied by dangerous by-products, adsorption by metal nanoparticles provided by green method is among appropriate substitution methods because of high efficiency, cost-effectiveness and lack of environmental risks. The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of synthesized silver nanoparticles by the extract of Tragopogon buphthalmoides in optimum and characterized condition by UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, TEM and FTIR techniques as a nano adsorbent in removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. After preparation of the aforementioned nano adsorbent, relevant pHpzc was determined and MB was adsorbed with nano adsorbent in different concentrations in optimum pH and different temperatures. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to investigate obtained experimental data. Research has shown that MB adsorption process from Langmuir isotherm follows R2=0.9999 and increases with increasing temperature and maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 13-nanometer circular silver nano adsorbent has been 48.698 mg/g. Results prove that Tragopogon b. is able to reduce metal ions to metal nanoparticles and stabilize them through green method due to antioxidants properties and nanoparticles can be employed as the effective adsorbent to eliminate MB from water and industrial wastewaters.

This study evaluated the kinetics of mitoxantrone (MTX) releases from Fe3O4-PEG-HA NPs as a drug delivery system in the presence of sodium citrate buffer (pH=5.0) into a dialysis bags at 37 °C using both the UV-vis spectrophotometry technique and statistical patterns. The formal empirical absorbance plot (dotted line) against time was properly fitted by the first-order fitting plot.  To ascertain the best fitted model recognition of character in drug liberation, we calculated several statistical quantities as error standard functions. The release of MTX from the titled was considered with respect to the statistical kinetic patterns of Ritger-Peppas, Sahlin-Peppas, first-order kinetics, Higuchi, and Hixson-Crowell equations. According to the correlation constraint R2 value that emerged from statistical patterns, the first-order model was found as a more comprehensive description than the other patterns for chemical kinetics in drug liberation and the rate of drug release depends on drug concentration.

Spinal cord injury is known as a kind of injury that causes inability. The investigation of the epidemiology of spinal cord injury and time in different regions might help to collect information for preventative measures of work. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and radiologic findings of patients with traumatic spine injures among patients subjected to Emergency Department of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. A retrospective descriptive-analytic method was adopted with an analysis of all the patients who were admitted by the diagnosis of traumatic spine injury in Shahid Mohammadi hospital. They all underwent a radiologic study. After receiving permission from the ethics committee, we extracted the data from patients’ files and carried out the analyses. Mean of age for subjects was 40.2 and 148 patients (71.50%) were men and 59 patients (28.50%) were women. The most trauma was associated with road accidents (n=124, 59.9%) and 83 cases (40.10%) were related to falling from height. Ten patients (4.80%) were dead due to trauma and 197 patients (95.20%) survived. Compress fracture (n=88, 42.50%), burst fracture (n=64, 32.40%), fracture dislocation (n=57, 27.50%) and transverse process fracture (n=43, 23.80%) accounted for all the cases. The most fracture was associated with L1 vertebrae (n=53, 15.9%), T12 (n=43, 13.40%), L2 (n=36, 11.20%) and C5 (n=16, 5%). The results for fracture in main parts showed that highest fractures were observed in cervical (n=69, 21.63%), thoracic (n=98, 30.72%) and lumbosacral (n=152, 47.64%). Our results showed that the most common causes of spinal injury in Bandar Abbas are accidents that must be reduced by observing traffic rules and guarantying transport safety.

The haloacetonitriles (HANs) exist in drinking water exclusively as byproducts of disinfection. HANs are found in drinking water more often with higher concentrations. Human exposure occurs through consumption of finished drinking water, oral and dermal contact as well as when showering, swimming and other activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the novel hybrid adsorption/ PBS membrane filtration process used to remove haloacetonitriles from aqueous solution. The efficiency of the PAC adsorbent was also evaluated at different pH, which confirmed efficacy of PAC at pH of 8.A maximum removal of DOC (98.7%) was obtained with 150 mg/L PAC dosage at a solution pH of 8. HANs sorption process followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation of adsorption.

Ethyl benzene is a volatile organic compound that is widely used in various industries. Ethyl benzene is a hazardous air pollutant not only for the environment but also for human health and hence there is a possibility of carcinogenesis in long-term exposure. Considering the fact that ethyl benzene is photo catalytic activity based in removal of VOCS vapors under visible light irradiation leading to serious health problems, the present study aimed to evaluate the gas-phase from airflow using photo catalytic property of titanium dioxide on 13X zeolite, in Ahvaz, Iran. In this experimental study, the characteristics of the catalysts were determined using BET method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy scanning (FESEM). Ethyl benzene vapors were produced using a dynamical condenser system and the efficiency of removal of ethyl benzene vapor depletion was investigated using 13X/UV and13X/UV/TiO2 (5 wt. %). The obtained results of the images and spectra from XRD, and FESEM showed good signs of immobilization. The findings revealed that the removal efficiency decreased by increasing the concentration from 25 ppm to 125 ppm and increasing the flow rate from 0.5 to 1.00. The removal efficiency at concentrations of 25, 75, and 125 was 57.8%, 37/2 %, and 24/64, respectively. The results showed that the use of substrates increased the efficiency of photo catalytic removal, by about 60%. It is therefore suggested that these adsorption and photo catalytic combination systems be used to remove other volatile organic compounds in the gas phase.

2-Amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile 2 was prepared by the reaction of N-methylisatoic anhydride 1 with malononitrile via the ring-opening/ring closure pathway. The treatment of this compound with concentrated sulfuric acid at 100 °C gave a mixture of 2-amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide 3 and 2-amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid 4. The NMR analysis showed that the ratio of compound 3 to 4 in the mixture was one to two (1:2). When the later reactionwas performed in the presence of NaOH in refluxing H2O:EtOH, the compounds 3 and 4 were not formed, but instead, ring cleavage occurred to give compound 2-(methylamino) benzoic acid 5 in high yield. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory was also used to compute the 1H NMR chemical shifts of the compounds 3 and 4. Good agreement between the DFT-calculated 1H NMR chemical shifts and corresponding experimental values confirmed the suitability of the optimized geometries for these compounds. Characteristics of the bonding interactions were explored using the atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis.

The current paper aims at investigating the adsorption of textile dyes from aqueous solution with the help of synthetic gamma alumina nanoparticles. The current study was performed on a laboratory scale. Effect of pH, contact time, dye concentration and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Methylene Blue and Congo red dye as well as kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption processes were examined. The dye concentration for Congo red and‎ Methylene blue dyes in different samples was measured using 498 nm and 664 nm ‎ wavelength spectrophotometer, respectively. The experimental results showed that gamma alumina nanoparticles had a good potential for removing dye molecules. Batch adsorption study revealed that 0.04 g amount of the adsorbent was capable of removing 75.67% of Congo red (CR) and 0.05g of the adsorbent was capable of removing 78.25% of Methylene blue (MB) in 40 min. The experimental equilibrium data showed that Langmuir isotherm applied well for describing the adsorption behaviour and Kinetic studies showed best applicability of the second-order kinetic model. The results of gamma alumina nanoparticles showed synthetic alumina was found as an efficient adsorbent for the absorption of aqueous blue dyes.

In this study, the application of a partial least squares algorithm (PLS) was proposed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of acetaminophen, celecoxib, diazepam, and famotidine in hair, wastewater, and urban water samples. Although the determination of these drugs is very important in biological and pharmaceutical samples, spectrophotometric measurements were reported at the same time due to the spectral overlap. The results of applying PLS showed that acetaminophen, celecoxib, diazepam, and famotidine could be simultaneously determined within the concentration ranges of 4-20 ppm, 4-20ppm, 2-10 ppm, and 4-20 ppm respectively in calibration set, prediction set, and real samples. The proposed method does not require spectral correction and chemical pretreatment for quantitative analysis of the mentioned drugs.