پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1399)

Unprotected urban spaces are a threat to the security of citizens. Therefore, their organization is essential for the promotion of social security. The purpose of the present study is to explore and analyze the relationship between urban defensible spaces and environmental variables.

The research area is Ardebil Municipality District 3. Urban independent spaces include 172 independent variable locations of this study identified through field surveys. Exploratory variables included population and building density, income groups, passage network quality, physical texture of urban textures, social cohesion of neighborhoods, land and building prices, and land use. GIS techniques such as mean center method, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation for spatial analysis and geographic regression method were used to explain the correlation between variables.

Crime spaces occur in less extensive areas and tend to focus within certain areas of Region 3. The number of these spaces decreases to the north and south. Also, these defenseless spaces have spatial self-correlation and are distributed as clusters and imbalances at the regional level. As a result, certain ranges are the focus of the defenseless spaces studied and follow the centralized pattern. Also, there is a significant relationship between 8 environmental variables studied in the study of defenseless urban spaces in the 3rd district of Ardabil city.

Research findings show that there is a significant relationship between defensible spaces and environmental variables. The result is that environmental variables have a direct impact on the formation and growth or destruction and elimination of defenseless spaces.

One of the components of quality of life is feeling of security. One of the consequences of feeling insecure is psychological problems including depression. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimension of feeling of security and depression in the students of universities and higher education centers of Ilam province. Mankind needs security and feeling of social security to reach, after his physiological needs are met, success in life and achieve noble goals. The main goal of the current study is to study the relationship between social security and depression among Ilam’s university students. This research was a survey conducted by using questionnaires. The population of the study comprised all students studying in the universities of Ilam. The samples were selected according to Cochran formula as 43252 students. To gather the data, two questionnaires were put to service. The data related to social security were obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire and those related to depression through Beck(BDI) Depression Inventory. The findings of the study showed that 48 percent of the students suffered mild to severe depression and 43.2 percent had low and very low feeling of security. The findings of two-variable regression analysis of general social security and depression reflected the fact that the independent variable, i.e. general security, could explain 19.6 percent of changes in dependent variable, i.e. depression. Besides, there was a reverse and meaningful relationship between feeling of life, financial, and mental security with depression (P<0.05). According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the feeling of security in physical, financial, and psychological dimensions could significantly predict and explain a part of depression changes among the students. Given the reverse and meaningful relationship between feeling of social security and depression, the authorities in charge in the universities should take measurements to lower the feeling of depression and increase the amount of security among students.

Social networks have a significant role in today's world and cannot be ignored. In addition to their positive effects, these places have negative effects on all aspects of individual and social life, which will be reflected not only in the family but also in society and will disrupt the order and security of society. Therefore, the results of the research by identifying the threats of these networks on family relationships of the people of Kermanshah can be a way for counselors and experts to better plan for public order and security.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and with the grounded theory method. The study population in the present study was all key informants in the field of the research subject that theoretical saturation was achieved using purposive sampling with 12 people. Data collection tools were techniques of observation, not-taking, and semi-structured interviews. In order to determine the reliability and validity, triangulation and member check techniques were used.

The results of the study showed that membership in social networks through the factors of defects in the role model of family members, loss of mutual trust between members, increased couple stress, secrecy, emotional divorce and family dissatisfaction and inappropriate role model for children on people's family relationships is affected in Kermanshah.

In general, the findings indicate that excessive and uncultured activity in social networks causes negative effects on family relationships. As individuals grow up in families, these negative effects also jeopardize the order and security of society. The findings of this study bring good results to help policy makers and planners to reform and create a proper culture in order to properly use virtual networks to improve the quantity and quality of family relationships and ultimately improve social order and security.

Social accountability is one of the new managerial requirements in governing countries, especially democratic societies. Social accountability within law enforcement agencies as service organizations is not an option but a strategic necessity. This study aims to explain the pattern of social accountability of the police. The main question of the research is: what is the pattern of social accountability of the police?

This research is a survey research and in terms of data collection method is a field research. The statistical population included commanders and law enforcement personnel, of whom 260 people were selected by simple sampling method as the sample size.

The results showed that the situation of social accountability in police organizations is not favorable. In addition, the model of police social accountability includes variables of mission type, organizational culture and organizational reputation as a causal factor, servant leadership style and technology-based organization and employee willingness as mediating factors and environmental complexity and environmental instability as moderating factors.

Finally, the model of social accountability of the police has been developed. Developing an organizational citizenship charter, participatory decision-making with the presence of the public, and paying attention to the role of the media and service leadership style and organizational culture encourage social accountability as strategies to strengthen social accountability in police organizations. Keywords: Accountability, Social Responsibility, Organizational Accountability

Iranian society is in the context of modernity in accordance with structural changes in social relations and cultural beliefs (especially in metropolitan areas) and these conditions make it necessary to study the causes of social movements in Iran. The present study aimed to explain the sociological effect of success in unrest and control of unrest on the tendency to political violence.

 The present study is explanatory-survey in terms of the practical purpose of its method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The study population of this study is all persons aged 18 and over living in Tehran in 1399. The sample size was determined to be 1009 persons using SPSS sample power software. The samples of this research were selected by multi-stage cluster method. After collecting information and entering data in SPSS software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the variable of political violence was 0.78, success in controlling riots by police was 0.62 and success in mass riots by activists was calculated to be 0.67. Statistical methods such as univariate analysis (indicators of center orientation and dispersion) and structural equation analysis have been used.

The most important findings of this study indicate that age with coefficient (-0.14), education with coefficient (-0.125), success in collective unrest with coefficient (0.451) and success in control riots by the police with coefficient (0/639) have been associated with political violence. The results of structural equations also show that the variables of success in controlling riots by the police, success in collective riots of actors, and age (indirectly) explain a total of 11% of the variance of the research-dependent variable (tendency to political violence).

By this study we could say that by increasing the sense of empowerment of the system and the police in controlling unrest, the sense of success in collective unrest of actors’ decreases.

Insecurity, potential threats and lack of security can lead to dissatisfaction and insecurity of the citizens of Greater Tehran. By participating, NGOs can provide services and sustainable security by supporting vulnerable groups. Accordingly, in the present study, the effect of Saman participation in promoting the security of Tehran metropolis was investigated.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and method is descriptive-analytical. The data were collected as a combination of documentary and survey (field) studies; The statistical population includes: experts in the field of security and law enforcement; And the citizens of Tehran is large, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and Morgan table, 1618 people were determined as the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed using face validity and the reliability of the tool was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Also, the relationship between independent and dependent variables was investigated using multivariate regression analysis and regression test was used to evaluate the correlation between these two variables.

According to the findings of this study, more than 60% of the respondents believe that the participation of Samnahs has a positive effect on improving the security of Tehran metropolis. Multivariate regression analysis also showed that there is a significant relationship between the participation of Samans and Tehran security. Also, this analysis showed that the participation of semen has the greatest impact (with a beta coefficient of 0.561) on law enforcement security; And economic, political and socio-cultural security come next.

Semans with any kind of orientation can play a role in expanding the security of Greater Tehran with two roles: "grounding (role of grounding)" or "executive activities (role of agent)".

Weakening job satisfaction is a factor in aggravating administrative violations. In this study, the effect of job satisfaction with five dimensions of job satisfaction, superior, colleague, promotion and salary was measured and the effect of organizational commitment in three dimensions of emotional commitment, continuous and normative in reducing police work violations from the perspective of Islam has been investigated.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitatively descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the research is experts and experts in the field of Islamic management in NAJA (178 people). Samples were selected through a simple probabilistic sampling method. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software.

The research findings show that employing employees in various jobs based on ability and satisfaction increases their efforts at work and also by creating the necessary opportunity for promotion based on appropriate encouragement and punishment, employee participation in Organizational decision-making, delegation and decentralization as much as possible, favorable division of labor, appointment of qualified managers based on expertise, experience, work conscience and interest instead of relationships and implementation of training programs based on job needs can improve job satisfaction and reduce organizational commitment Police misconduct is effective from the perspective of Islam.

By paying fairly and observing justice in the distribution of rewards and changes in work and service conditions that have always had an interactive relationship with psychological pressure among employees, and finally the efforts and compassion of managers and strengthening and encouraging the spirit of cooperation among employees can Reducing police misconduct is effective from an Islamic perspective.

One of the new developments in our country's legislative criminal policy is a theory of diminished criminal responsibility and it has considered different criminal responses by predicting gradual criminal responsibility. So that as the age of children increases (from the age of puberty to 18 years), the level of criminal responsibility increases and the type of punishment or the amount of them becomes more severe, and in general, the Iranian criminal justice system has envisioned adjusted mechanisms for children and adolescents.

In this article, the authors have conducted research on social and disciplinary strategies against juvenile delinquency through analytical-descriptive methods.

With the enactment of the new criminal law, children and adolescent delinquency, the anticipated responses to their criminal acts and the proceeding in which this group's crimes are handled have been legislatively aligned with the process of globalization of the children delinquent’s criminal law.

It is necessary to change the criminal justice policy of Iran in relation to the legislative criminal policy and at the same time with the changes in the substantive and formal criminal laws, judges to issue verdicts, globalization of juvenile criminal rights in accordance with international documents and Consider the teachings of criminology in order to see the adjustment of the fight against children and adolescent’s delinquency in the judiciary.

the present study examines the ethics of restorative justice and its role in social security. It seems that, by recognizing the abstract principles and rules of restorative justice, its intended ideals cannot be achieved, rater, we need the right solution and tools.

in this research, descriptive-analytical method and fish taking tools have been used, our problem is multilingualism and our approach is interdisciplinary.

explaining the values and principles of restorative justice ethics, explaining restorative justice ethics management and the elements s of a comprehensive ethical document in order to promote the moral responsibility of the restorative justice administrators as much as possible.

restorative justice programs are not regulated under an ethical model. It is necessary to take the rights in the context of ethics, restorative justice activists, it is appropriate to define ethics, ethics management as a strategic part and appropriate solution in the organization and with full knowledge of the elements of the environment, the rights of each of them and their classification, to formulate the ethical statement of restorative justice as an appropriate tool, and to create the context and culture of adherence to the ethics of restorative justice. Adherence to the above ethics, performing the duties and behavior of the above-mentioned justice activists in compliance with the necessary ethical principles, and ensuring the quality of services provided, and ultimate, creates trust and security among the people.