فصلنامه اقتصاد اسلامی
پیاپی 79 (پاییز 1399)

The agricultural sector is the basis of development in each country and it is considered among significant sectors in economy. This sector also needs financing for its progress. Because the Monetary and banking market is not sufficient to answer the demands, it is critical to use the potentials of capital market such as Commodity's Certificate of Deposit.
In this study; in addition to mentioning the fact that the share of agricultural commodities in commodity exchange transactions and various financial instruments is not in an acceptable position, the definition of Commodity's Certificate of Deposit and its advantages have been presented. Moreover, an explanation of the above mentioned financial instrument aspects in Islamic Fiqh, and also an assessment of its possibility in Islamic Fiqh via multiphase ijtihad have been studied. The findings of this study show that the financial instrument is the equivalent of Bai and its general and specific rules have been organized based on the viewpoints of Marjas the elites of Financial Fiqh.

Many jurisprudential rulings are arranged on the title of property. Many of the objects in society that people are affected by in their financial and economic relationships are questionable in applying the title of property to them. Therefore, determining the regulation of property in the economic and jurisprudential relations of the people is important. Due to the ambiguity, the main question of the research of the phrase is: "What is the meaning (definition) of property and what are the jurisprudential effects on it?" This question has been studied from the perspective of economists and jurists. Finally, through the analytical and descriptive method of this research, it was concluded that the only way to determine that an object is property is the occurrence of customary exchanges on that object. This result showed that many of the issues raised in jurisprudential sources on the subject of property are wrong and should be reviewed.

One form of contract that is common in different markets, especially new interbank markets, is the sale of the deal on condition that it is redeemed. The contract, which has now emerged in new formats, such as the Repo agreement, is considered as an interbank franchise agreement. In this contract, the securities broker is required to redeem the bonds sold on a certain maturity. There are three major legal challenges facing the contract: the possibility of opposition to the traditions of conditional dissent, the possibility of opposing traditions, the prohibition of the two actions in the unit, and the likelihood of conflicts with the requirements of the contract. This research, with the jurisprudential methods of the Imamiyah and based on the jurisprudential sources of the jurisprudence of Africa, has tried to resolve the challenge of the legitimacy of the redemption agreement first in general, and then, by complying with the RIPO agreement, it does not show that the RIPO contract does not have a religious problem for the purpose of the contract.

Istesna' contract is a contract that can be useful in the money and capital ‎markets. There is ‎disagreement about its validity among the jurists. Some of ‎the old Imamiyyah think it is invalid and ‎some think it is permissible. Those ‎who think it is permissible, do not have agreement in the nature of ‎this contract as independent contract or a kind of Salaf contract or Ijarah contract or … . These ‎differences can be helpful in explaining and analyzing some of bugs entered into this contract. ‎Most of ‎jurists consider it to be an independent contract. ‎Differences in nature will result in differences in its ‎judgments. In this study, ‎by ‏assuming the validity of the Istesna' contract and accepting it as an ‎‎independent contract, although not without problem, the attempt is to ‎investigate the content of the ‎bank Istesna' contract. And some of the content ‎of this contract that is challenging in jurisprudence has ‎been criticized and the ‎validity of some of the content and invalidity of others have been ‎defined.

During the production process, various human and inhuman factors are involved, and without them there will be no way to formulate and work out the efforts made in this direction. But there is a significant issue in this regard, the amount of profit allocated to production operations to each of these factors. In the works of the Jurisprudents of the Shi'a religion, as well as in the language of the economy, there are different or contradictory views on the participation or non-participation of the means of production in the profit of the product, each of which are documented in considerations. Some people think that the share of the means of production is only rented, in contrast to others, in addition to rent, they also consider the participation of the means of production in the profit of the product. This article seeks to answer this question by relying on the opinions of the jurists, in particular the martyr Sadr (RA), who deals more with the jurisprudential aspect than others, and shows that it can be used for the means of production, in addition to renting The cost was considered as a share of the product's profit.

In this research, the interaction and the causal relationship between Collaborative and Qarz Al-hasanah Contracts on one hand and social capital on the other hand, have been tested and analyzed using the Toda-Yamato causality approach and the statistical data of years 1984 to 2016. The empirical findings of this research indicate that there is a one-way causal relationship between Collaborative and Qarz Al-hasanah Contracts on one hand and social capital on the other hand. In other words, during the study period, the change in social capital has affected the conditions of the development of the contracts by influencing the trust and confidence environment, changing the information networks, changing the information asymmetry and the risk associated with the deposits of Islamic banking contracts. But the effects outcome of these contracts on income distribution, poverty, inflation, economic security and human capital have not been such as to trigger significant changes in social capital in the country through the mechanisms mentioned.

Universal basic income is a type of unconditional cash transfer that is paid to all citizens and is sufficient to cover the minimum living expenses. The idea of universal basic income is one of the proposed mechanisms to guarantee minimum income in the mainstream economics that is recognized as an alternative to the existing social security system but its benefits and disadvantages are still disputed. Similarly, in the Islamic economy, the emphasis has been on ensuring that everyone's livelihood is guaranteed. This paper first discusses basic income and similar schemes in the mainstream economics (social dividends, participation income, negative income tax, and Atkinson's proposal to establish a flat tax / basic income), and then explains the mechanism of securing a subsistence standard in Islamic economics. The findings of the paper show that: the provision of Universal basic income - as a refundable tax credit - within the framework of the private income tax system is in line with Islamic economics standards; In addition, given the current fiscal constraints of government, it is more enforceable than other models of minimum income guarantee, and with implementing it, it is expected to ensure minimum income for all citizens (not just those covered by support organizations) at the lowest cost.

This paper looks at attitude of master’s management and employee of Tesco, beez and Panberiz companies to investigation of the effect of network marketing on Resilience economy. Data was collected through questionnaire with 384 master’s management and employee of Tesco, beez and Panberiz companies and analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel softwares. The factors supporting national production, employment, exchange rate stability, income distribution, levels of consolidation and reduce public spending were investigated. The results shown that network marketing had a positive and significant effect on the researched variables. Furthermore, these variables had a positive and significant effect on Resilience economy. Generally, network marketing with the help of employment seems to be in line with the realization of a Resilience economy, and it is necessary to make a constructive engagement between the people and the government in order to realize the Resilience economy.

The consumption pattern can be influenced by the calendar effects of Ramadan. Ramadan can effect on consumption pattern due to the spiritual effects of the community. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ramadan on the consumption patterns of urban households in Iran. We use SUR method using data processed in household budget. Of the 11 major food items segregated, the only variable in the X118 code (sugar, sugar, jam, and sweets) is a leap to increase and significantly affect the Ramadan calendar effect, and there is no significant change in the pattern of consumption of other edible items. Therefore, the putative theory of research, which explains the true relationship between the material and spiritual factors of the pattern of consumption and Ramadan, and the economic phenomenon of influencing the pattern of consumption from Ramadan, while at the same time relates to Islamic teachings, concluded that the calendar effect of the Ramadan did not change the whole a food consumption pattern in urban households, and only in the consumption pattern of the main group of sugar, sugar, jam, and sweets, there was a change in the rate of consumption during Ramadan. Ramadan does not effect on the slope of the X118 variable (sugar, sugar, jam and sweets), and increasing the initial width, with a coefficient of 0.238. Code 118 does not grow, but in the month of Ramadan we see an increase in consumption.