نشریه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی
سال هشتم شماره 30 (پاییز 1399)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on dependence on internet and cyber bullying among adolescents in district 3 of Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population includes all male high school students of District 3 of Tehran who were studying in 1398 academic year who 30 individuals were selected by convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute sessions of life skills training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect data from Yang Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998) and Patchin and Hindu Bullying (2011) were used. Data were analyzed using testrepeated variance analysis in SPSS software. Based on this study, it can be concluded that life skills training reduces internetaddiction and cyber bullying and can be recommended as a training method for the target population. It should be noted that this training had a one-month follow-up period that showed positive results in training these skills.

The aim of this study was to determine the challenges of developing the smart schools from the viewpoint of administrators and teachers of these schools in Babolsar district. The method of collecting information was descriptive, of the kind survey and analysis. At the first step, the information and the questions of this research was obtained through survey and interviews with the main officials of the smart schools’ project in department of Education and Training in Babolsar district. So, the questions related to the questionnaire were collected in a list. Finally, in order to answer the question, the questionnaire was distributed among 21 administrators and 131 teachers in these schools. The results showed that low use of internet among teachers, the weak experience among teachers in using modern teaching methods and the lack of reliable electronic content of lessons were the main challenges of development in the smart schools. The lack of required foundations such as local network and internet connection, the lack of preparation and the necessary backgrounds for using information technology in management of school, lack of motivation and interest in the teaching profession and lack of motivation among students to use the equipment were the least challenges of development in the smart schools in Babolsar district. Finally, if we identify the challenges of the smart schools and equip them with eqipments, the science will exceed the textbooks. Therefore, teaching and learning methods will be expanded from mere remembering to critical thinking and evaluation of information sources.

One of the main challenges students in learning environments is learners' mastery of educational content and the application of new knowledge in real life. Generative learning involves actively making sense of to-be-learned information by mentally reorganizing and integrating it with one’s prior knowledge, thereby enabling learners to apply what they have learned to new situations. Due to the novelty of the concept of generative processing, there is a need for additional research on methods to enhance this type of learning.Therefore, the present study tried to identify and explain the strategies for strengthening generative prossesing (GL) through germane cognitive load (GCL). The research method was qualitative, conducted using thematic analysis method. The study area was all written and digital Persian and English on GCL. Thirty two papers were selected and analyzed as the sample according to the professors using content analysis and purposive approach and selecting texts and the key experts in the field of GL and cognitive load and considering theoretical saturation in the last ten years. The results were categorized as basic themes (codes and key points of the text), organizational themes (themes obtained from the composition and summarizing the basic themes) and inclusive themes (excellent themes containing the principles governing the text as a whole) and the network of themes was plotted. After data analysis, five main themes including multimedia application, personalization, feedback, thought and guided learning, and 53 sub-themes emerged to strengthen optimal generative processing and cognitive load.

The aim of current research was to investigate the attitude of elementary school teachers in Zahedan towards the opportunities and challenges that the corona virus has created for virtual education in schools by using a series of mix exploratory research methods (qualitative-quantitative). Qualitative and quantitative information and data were collected through interviews with 10 experienced teachers and distributing questionnaires among 120 primary school teachers. In the qualitative section, collection and analysis of data were performed using the coding method of Strauss and Corbin, including three steps (open, axial and selective). In the quantitative section, after collecting the data by using a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity and reliability were confirmed through the results of the initial interview, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency). According to the results, challenges and opportunities were discussed and classified into three levels: macro, medium and micro. At the macro level, challenges of lack of strategic thinking among managers and planners, unfavorable policy, poor educational technology and inefficient management were achieved. At the medium level, the challenges of the weakness of the technologies introduced, the lack of independence and freedom of action, and the disruption of the proposed budget were achieved. In addition, From the participants' point of view, the incidence of corona virus has provided opportunities at the macro level (providing a context for change, attention to strategic planning and attention to online and virtual education), at the medium level (creating equal educational opportunity and creating new educational innovation) and at the micro level (family, students and teachers).

The aim of the present research was the designing and validating a Pattern of Curriculum for Developing the Student Teachers Specialized Content Knowledge in Division of Fractions. This research was the mixed Research with Exploratory Design and Taxonomy Devlopment Model. In the qualitative part, the Curriculum Pattern was designed with case study method , and in the quantitative part, the Pattern validation was done with Descriptive-survey method. Participants in the qualitative Part included 19 experts and 61 sources. The statistical population in quantitative part included the specialists in math education and primary school teachers. Through purposive sampling, 22 specialists and 85 teachers were selected. For collecting qualitative data, documentary study, semi-structured interviews and for collecting quantitative data, researcher-made questionnaire with 13 items were used. For analyzing the qualitative data, the content analysis was used and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results of analysis of elements showed that the items of content and learning activities, skill goals, cognitive goals at the level of analysis and composition level and evaluation methods have the most explanatory power. Also other elements such as teaching-learning methods, attitudinal goals and Clarity and comprehensiveness were in next priorities.

The aim of the current study was to explain the relationship of self-discrepancy and academic resilience with academic procrastination in students. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, from which 242 students were selected by cluster sampling. Higgins` scale of self-discrepancies (1987), samuels` academic resilience questionnaire (2004), and sevari` academic procrastination questionnaire (2012) were used to collect data. In order to analyze data, Pearson correlation quotient and Stepwise multiple regression were used. The results showed showed a positive and significant correlation between ought-actual (r = 0.36) and actual -ideal (r = 0.39) with academic procrastination but not between resilience and academic procrastination. In addition, stepwise regression analysis showed that among the predictor variables, the actual-ideal self-discrepancy could predict more than 15% of the variance of academic procrastination. People with self-discrepancy are more likely to be procrastinating. Ideal-actual self-discrepancy is also the strongest predictor of procrastination. Thus, students who experience a great deal of difference between their actual and ideal self are more procrastinate than those who experience a difference between their actual and ought self.

The objective of this study was to compare three methods of teaching based on the cognitive load theory (CLT), multimedia education, and speech on the level of academic achievement and motivation of students in learning the fourth elementary science course, which was done as a quasi-experimental project. The statistical population of the study selected a school from the schools equipped with information technology in Mahmudabad city. The tools of this research include 1. Researcher learning test made in the fourth science course 2. Questionnaire of academic achievement motivation of the Verland et al. (1985) 3. Scale of academic motivation scale (AMS) and 4. Measurement scale of Pass and Van Merriënboer (1993). The results of the questionnaires and the learning test were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the level of learning, the motivation of students who were influenced by teaching based on the cognitive load theory was significantly higher than students who received multimedia education and speech in science. Also, the mean of the cognitive load was in the speech group (4.47), multimedia group (3.82), and in the training group based on cognitive load theory (3.63). This means that students in the teaching group based on cognitive load theory received less cognitive load than students in other groups.