Future Natural Products
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2019

Infectious diarrhea with Salmonella spp. is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves that need emergency treatment. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) is among the secondary metabolites of cinnamon trees that can be used as antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of Trans-cinnamaldehyde on Salmonella enterica isolated from calf diarrhea.

150 stool specimens were collected from the calves refereed to veterinary hospital and clinic of Urmia University during the period of winter to spring, 2018. Then, Salmonella enterica was isolated by culture and confirmed by molecular method. Antimicrobial activity was determined by agar disk diffusion method.

The results of disk diffusion test showed that the Trans-cinnamaldehyde has an antibacterial effect against Salmonella enterica, with a diameter of the inhibition zone of 23 mm, which was very effective compared with the diameter of the inhibition zone caused by standard antimicrobial agents such as gentamicin and chloramphenicol that were 13.1 and 14 mm in the inhibition zone, respectively.

The results of this study indicate that cinnamaldehyde has antibacterial properties and can be used as a cheap, safe, and available source for therapeutic use in Salmonella enterica-induced bacterial infections.

The antibacterial potency of Bunium persicum (BP), Eucalyptus globules (EG), and Allium ampeloprasum Var. Iranicum (AAI) hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated against multidrug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in commercial barley soup during refrigerated and environmental storage.
In an experimental study, the BP, EG, and AAI extracts were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against MDR E. coli and S. aureus by micro dilution and disc diffusion methods. Then, the effects of BP and EG extracts were examined on microbial quality of commercial barley soup at 4±1°C and 22±2 °C in zero, 1, 3, 6, and 9 days in different concentrations (BP 1 and 2%; EG 1 and 2%).
Two tested bacterial strains were susceptible to the BP and EG extracts and did not show susceptibility to the AAI extract. The count number of the bacteria in soup were was significantly reduced by the addition of the extracts. The lowest population of the S. aureus was determined in the samples treated with the EG at 1 and 2% during refrigerated and environmental storage. E. coli was suppressed by 1.54 and 3.4 log CFU/mL at 1 and 2 % BP and 1.57 and 3.5 log CFU/mL at 1 and 2 % EG, respectively, compared with the control on day 9 during environmental storage
According to our results, BP and EG extracts can be used as natural antimicrobial preservatives in commercial barley soup.

The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional composition of Anthocleista djalonensis as an important medicinal plant used to manage many diseases.
The proximate features, mineral content, and vitamin composition in A. djalonensis leaves were examined according to the standard analytical methods. Proximate composition includes crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, moisture content, and ash content, while minerals such as macro-elements (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium,) and micro-elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc) were determined using flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The evaluated vitamin composition includes vitamin A, C, E, and B12.
The results obtained for proximate composition showed that moisture content had the highest amount (59.71 g/100g), followed by crude protein (23.41 g/100g), crude fibre (9.51 g/100g), carbohydrate (4.72 g/100g), ash content (1.67 g/100g), and crude fat (1.04 g/100g). Mineral content showed that for macro elements, potassium had the highest amount (0.59%), followed by calcium (0.54%), magnesium (0.36%), and phosphorus (0.25%), while the least value was recorded for sodium (0.06%). Forthe micro-elements, the highest detected amount was for iron (0.175%), while copper had the least value (0.004%). The result indicated for vitamins showed that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (3.58 mg/100g) had the highest concentration, followed by retinol (vitamin A) (1.67 mg/100g) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) (1.02 mg/100g), while tocopherol (vitamin E) (0.49 mg/100g) had the least concentration.
The result indicated that A. djalonensis has nutrients and vitamins which could be used to enrich our food so as to augment the shortage of essential minerals and vitamins in our body.

One of the most important bacterial species transmitted through the use of aquatic products is Escherichia coli. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of green tea on Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes.
 

The samples of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were purchased from the company and an antibiotic resistance pattern was determined. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of green tea were investigated.
 

The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration is related to ethyl acetate extract of green tea against E. coli, while the highest inhibitory concentration is related to methanolic extract of green tea against Listeria monocytogenes.
 

It is worth mentioning that high concentrations of ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate can be used as a natural antibacterial in fish products.

The SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose spread started in the late December in 2019 in China, is the main concern in the world today. Potential anti-coronavirus targets can be categorized into two classes depending on the target, one is operating on the host immune system or human cells, and the other is on coronavirus itself. Anthraquinones are generally extracted from the Polygonaceae family, and have many beneficiary characteristics such as being antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes. Emodin anthraquinones represent an important role in human health and have golden healthful features making them a drug to cure many illnesses. The aim of this study was to review the inhibiting effect of emodin on cancer and SARS-CoV-2.

This comprehensive literature review was performed on papers that have been published from 1994 till 2020 in various data resources such as NCBI, Science direct, Springer and Web of science. The selected keywords were emodin, medicinal plant, anticancer plant and medicinal herbs, cancer and SARS-CoV-2.

Different studies were found that emodin is known as an effective agent to obstruct the interaction of the S protein of SARS-CoV and the host ACE2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme 2) and the infection caused by the retrovirus. In addition, the outbreak of cancer in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is more than it among the general population.

Therefore, the present research is going to outline and highlight the anti SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies of emodin and the anti-cancer characteristics’ of this drug.