نشریه پژوهش های نوین در گستره تاریخ، فرهنگ و تمدن شیعه
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Nowadays, as science and technology improve in various fields, materialism increases, and, vice versa, spirituality fades away, and training and moral challenges in human society abound, it seems quite necessary to cast especial institutional attention to studies and discussions on training. Therefore, regarding the richness of the religion of Islam in training, studying narrations of the Infallibles, as the perfect human beings, and gaining their teachings and training principles and establishment of them could be useful and inspiring enough for people. The present study tries to investigate some training principles in Imam Hussain’s words focusing on Islamic morality, taking descriptive-analytical method and using library documents, specifically narrational books. Imam Hussain (a.s.) being an example of morality and training, reflects a perfection of piety, patience and tolerance, glory, contact with relatives, generosity and helping the needy, free from selfishness and despotism and have ordered his followers and freemen to observe them.

Massive positive and negative consequences and outcomes have been the result of contemporary scientific and industrial developments. Modernism has brought about welfare and velocity of domination upon nature for human being. But of the outcomes of an industrial world, negligence of spiritual aspect and needs of man has confronted him with crisis and lack of peacefulness. Scientific and empirical findings disguised in success and spirituality convinced man that the huge force of nature and discovering it from within the human being, will lead him to salvation. Empiricism, humanism-based intellectualism and secularism inclined man toward tens of empirical and intellectual schools of thought each of which, relying upon modern scientific findings, claim to set man free from mental and social deadlines in life, one case being Ned Herrmann’s brain preferences method which bespeaks development in life by presenting quadratic pattern of brain. General and Humanistic studying this issue, this article challenges the substructure of this category; and pointing to damages such as: communalism, instability, ruling of intellectualism and humanism draws the attention of the young generation towards the rich teachings of Islam and religion.

The necessity of interpretation of the Qur’an and grasping to Ahlul-Bait (a. s.) for receiving the teachings of the religion, as well as lack of any work on extracting exegetic methods throughout the narrations of Imam Hadi (a. s.), has made the obligation for such a topic to be chosen. The present research, takes library approach and utilizes exegetic- narration sources and those of exegetic methods. Imam Hadi’s exegetic methods are: narrational (Qur’an to Qur’an, narration-based) and self-understanding (rational and literary). Methods of interpretation and collation and timing in exegeses of theological, jurisprudential and moral verses are obvious.

Aghakhanis are a branch of Ismaili Shi’is, who have a lot of economic activities on the Globe including Pakistan. Thereof, Twelver Shi’ites of Pakistan are in the same interaction; this necessitates the illustration of jurisprudential limits. The present research, aiming this issue and using various sources has introduced economic activities of the sect and following the illustration of the topic, has investigated the jurisprudential rule. The result is permission of primary rule for interaction with Aghakhanis due to general jurisprudential reasoning on interaction with other sects of Shi’a, Sunni and nonbelievers. However, in case the relationship of this sect with the enemies of Islam cause the spread of their culture and their hegemony, the rule of “denying the way (of hegemony)” and independence of Muslims overtakes. On the other hand, if their aid is proved to be for the oppressors, relationship and interactions of the Twelvers with this sect will help and strengthen the enemies of Islam and is impermissible as the second ruling.

The present article studies the relationship of proper designing of urban neighborhoods with the level of spirituality of the inhabitants. Due to weakening of fidelity of some people to religious rites in cities in addition to the direct effects of the body of cities upon the behavior of persons, we are to present a pattern based on Islamic foundations for designing urban neighborhoods as the smallest portion of civil divisions, following neighboring unit. The pattern just like the religion, is beyond the time and place and, providing an appropriate ground in any neighborhood, ends to correcting the behavior of all citizens. Thus, the atmosphere of each neighborhood inspires God’s remembrance and revives the concept of “This world is the presence of God.”. To present this pattern in all aspects, we have considered neighborhood in various parts and have introduced our designing ideas in each part. The distribution is as follows: the limit of the neighborhood, its center, utilities, passage grids, mass method (as for the occupation level, accumulation, size, block division direction, ...) and embellishment (as for texture materials, colors, walls, signs, …).