مجله توسعه علوم انسانی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Nowadays a large number of theoreticians and politicians are faced with an engrossing question: "Is social engineering possible?" If it is possible, how could be embodied? In this article, the concept of social engineering as a means to improve and modify economic, social, administrative, and science policies are discussed. Efforts have been made to explore the role of contexts, existing circumstances, and history in realization of social engineering; and emphasis on the fact that if social engineering be unresponsive and in attentive to the society, culture and atmosphere of era, will be Barren and fruitless. Whether the aim of social engineering is development of society, it should comply with imperatives of the time and historical possibilities; and rationale for social engineers and their course of actions should be in tune with this state of conditions. Accompanying with History and awareness of nature of the time, and having an explicit ethical vision, are prerequisites for succeeding and achieving the aim of social engineering. The development should be realized in the light of knowledge and determination. Social engineering should be beware of selfishness trap, otherwise success would be a fictitious expectation, and social engineering ideals never fructify.

One of the goals of jurisprudence, in addition to establishing order and justice, is to identify and provide the ground for the realization of justice and legitimate rights of individuals in society. Litigation is a fundamental human right that has been recognized in international documents as well as constitutions as an inalienable human right. But as much as the costs of implementing this right are irrational and unreasonable in terms of time and money, the calculating intellect prevents its application. Unfortunately, procrastinations of litigation in our legal system have raised the cost of litigation so much that neither justice is done nor it is functioning properly. Of course, it is desirable to reduce the length of trial to the extent that it does not violate the rights of the litigants and does not sacrifice accuracy and justice for the speed of the proceedings. Some solutions to reduce trial procrastination require cooperation and coordination of various institutions, especially the intervention of the legislature which is often considered long-term and costly solutions and requires fundamental reforms in the structure of current status. But some other solutions can be applied in the context of the current situation or with partial modifications. Therefore, in this article, which is the result of a research conducted at the Academy of Sciences, we have examined the possible solutions in this regard under the headings of macro-level solutions and micro-level solutions.

This article seeks to decrease discrepancies on the disputes about quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method research, using clear explanations and drawing on wellevidenced examples. All in the hope that it might do justice to a better understanding of the act of research as the sole approach available to any scholar for the protection of their preferentiality and authoritativeness.

Development is a multi- faced process with interconnected pillars. In order to be successful, development strategies need a shift in their priorities in an integrated and harmonious manner. Now is time to reconsider the previous policies and make the necessary changes in the managerial and developmental policies all over the world. Corona pandemic once more emphasized on the importance of government role in managing people and societies. Governments should reconsider their strategies and instead of trying to rule over others, try to cooperate with others and benefit from the results. Covid19- showed that the destiny of different countries are deeply inter-related to each other and their collaboration is seriously and desperately needed. Rich countries should help the poor countries in different aspects: scientific, technological, economic, ecological, and whatever that matters in the sustainable development process.

Iran is one of the pioneers of development planning in the world but the results of the efforts made in this field are incompatible with the material and human resources spent in this way as well as the qualitative goals determined in the program documents. In rooting out why this is the case and how to resolve it, this study demonstrates an institutional approach with the use of the country's historical experience in development planning. This is more rewarding for non-productive activities than productive activities, which has marginalized the greatest demander of scientific and technical achievements. Due to the ever-increasing cost of missed opportunities by this neglect, the main purpose of this study is to find a way to save the country through modification of institutional and systemic issues of narrow-mindedness as the most important mental structure influencing the decision-making system as well as the allocation of national resources .

Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is an innovative, positive and participatory research method that was developed by Cooperrider and his professor Strivastva about thirty years ago in order to resolve generalization shortcomings of GT research and eliminating deficiencies of common organization development and change approaches. Following Constructivism and postmodernism, AI is built upon subjective assumptions and uses 8 principals named Constructivism, Simultaneity, Poetic, Anticipatory, Positive, Wholeness, Enactment and Free-Choice to facilitate attaining ideal future through creating a fair, participatory and positive climate in the organization. AI introduces affirmative topic choice, discover, dream, design and destiny as steps for having effective change in organization. This Article tries to create comprehensive understanding of AI by explaining the evolution, definitions, assumptions, principals and stages of it.

Qualities and features of Classic Public Administration were using centralized power and authority to administrate society, but increasing problems and new challenges compel governments to change the way of governance and with internal administrative reforms go toward trust-based relationship with NGOs, private sector and citizen groups. This new policy necessitates a decentralized and network orientation, instead of governmentcentered strategy and administrative centralization. This article with an epistemological approach, narrate the change from government to governance and its new perspectives. The main purpose of article is to introduce metagovernance and its requirements to apply it in administrative reforms. The methodology used is meta-synthesis, through review scientific essays and reports in English periodicals and academic journals.

the term ‘neurodiversity’ is being used to represent a fast-growing sub-category of organisational diversity and inclusion that seeks to embrace and maximise the talents of people who think differently. Neurodiversity is the idea that cognitive conditions, such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia and dyspraxia, are natural variations in the way people think and process information. In this article, a brief explanation of each of these categories is provided and the strengths and potential challenges of the affected people in the organization are discussed. Although in the past each of these cases has been studied in a medical model as a disorder, Today, the organizational community should look at them only as a difference. A difference that can be made benefit for the organization instead of being left out and like any other diversity, makes the organization competitive advantage. The purpose of this article is to introduce this diversity using a systematic review method, and to provide guidance for creating an inclusive work environment based on the social model of disability; The model states that individuals with neurodiversity are incapable because society and work environments are organized solely for the benefit of normal individuals.