Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

  Current study was conducted to determine the effects of Oxytocin drip on operative blood loss and fluid overload during hysteroscopy.

  In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 54 women with abnormal uterine bleeding who were candidates for hysteroscopy were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either oxytocin or normal saline and the alterations in serum hemoglobin, sodium, albumin, and hematocrit were compared between two groups.

  The results demonstrated that alterations in serum hemoglobin, sodium, albumin, and hematocrit did not significantly differ between the two groups (P>0.05).

  It seems using oxytocin drip during hysteroscopy in patients with intrauterine lesions would have no effect on operative blood loss and fluid overload.

  Insulin resistance can be seen in most overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Insulin resistance seems to play a key role in the pathophysiology of PCOS and infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of insulin resistance on pregnancy rate and regulation of the menstrual cycle following laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery (LOE).

  This prospective cohort study was conducted on 54 infertile metformin- and clomiphene citrate-resistant women with PCOS at Yas Hospital in 2007. These patients initially took a glucose tolerance test and then classified into two groups (i.e., insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant) based on the obtained results. Both groups, then, underwent LOE. Patients were evaluated for pregnancy rate and regulation of the menstrual cycle up to six months.

  Out of 54 patients, 37 patients (68.5%) were non-insulin-resistant, and 17 patients (31.5%) were insulin-resistant. In the insulin-resistant group, after six months, menstrual cycles were less regular than those of the non-insulin-resistant group (OR=0.2; 95%CI, 0.07-0.87). Fifteen (40.5%) women in the non-insulin-resistant group became pregnant; in contrast, three (17.6%) women in the insulin-resistant group became pregnant. In the logistic regression analysis, the results demonstrated that age, duration of infertility, body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance had no significant effects on pregnancy rate.

  Insulin resistance can be an important marker of the poor outcomes of PCOS infertility treatment, and LOE significantly improves insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

  Hysteroscopy is an impressive  diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for uterine cavity abnormalities. There are several methods for cervical preparation prior to hysteroscopy, among which misoprostol (a prostaglandin E1 analog) is the most common. However, misoprostol has some side effects, including uterine cramps, vaginal hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, and fever-like feelings, the severity of which escalates by increasing the dosage. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare vaginal misoprostol in two different dosages of 200 and 400 μg with a control group to prescribe the lower dosage of misoprostol in case they were equally effective.

  In this randomized clinical trial study, 87 patients, who had hysteroscopy indications at Yas Hospital, were randomly assigned into three groups (i.e., 200 μg vaginal misoprostol, 400 μg vaginal misoprostol, and placebo). Afterward, the dilatation time of the cervical response and side effects associated with medication and surgery were assessed.

  The mean dilatation time in the 200 μg misoprostol, 400 μg misoprostol, and placebo groups were 46.7±35.8, 36.8±31.1, and 67.6±49.5 seconds, respectively. These differences were significant (P=0.038). 

  It seems that administering vaginal misoprostol is an easy, effective, and safe procedure  for cervical preparation before the hysteroscopy. Considering that increasing the dosage of misoprostol did not significantly change the dilatation time, it is recommended that 200 μg misoprostol be used to reduce the side effects.

  Clinical trials are studies that can provide the most reliable evidence to investigate the impact of various interventions in health research. Due to the importance of these studies in producing valid scientific evidence, this study was conducted to critically evaluate the published clinical trials regarding the effectiveness of midwife-based interventions on preventing post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth.

  In this critical evaluation, we searched for randomized clinical trial articles related to midwife-led interventions in preventing post-traumatic stress in reputable databases using the keywords "traumatic childbirth", "post-traumatic stress", "intervention", "counseling", "midwife", "clinical trial" and their equivalent in English, without time limit. Out of 18581 retrieved articles, 12 articles were evaluated using CONSORT-2018. This checklist consisted of 26 sections and 42 items. Each item was scored based on the report or non-report in the article under review. The tool scores ranged from zero to 42. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.

  The overall compliance of the quality of the reviewed articles with the checklist criteria was estimated at 60.1%. The mean overall quality was 25.1±3.6 and therefore the articles were of moderate quality. Randomization and blinding methods require more careful attention so as not to reduce the methodological accuracy of the articles. On the other hand, the title and abstract sections, background, goals, and interpretation of the results were of high quality, and the discussion section and other information were of low quality.

  In order to use the results of clinical trials in evidence-based care related to the effectiveness of midwifery-based interventions on reducing postpartum stress, improving the quality of articles is essential, and using a standard checklist should be on the agenda of authors and reviewers of journals.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is characterized by mucinous ascites in the peritoneal cavity and might involve the omentum and peritoneum. The PMPs originating from the ovary are mostly caused by ruptured ovarian mature teratomas and mucinous ovarian carcinomas. The present case is a rare advanced mucinous borderline ovarian tumor and late recurrence in PMP in a 52-year-old menopaused woman. She presented with gradual abdominal enlargement and cystic abdominopelvic lesion with internal septa and ascites. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy, lymphadenectomy, and appendectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed mucinous borderline tumors. About 5.5 years after the first surgery, she presented with abdominal bloating and a sonography report of peritoneal seeding in the abdomen and pelvis. Abdominal exploration showed gelatinous-mucinous ascites and disseminated peritoneal carcinomatosis. The final histopathologic evaluation indicated PMP. Although the recurrence of mucinous borderline tumors is in an average of two years, the present case had relapsed after 5.5 years as pseudomyxoma with borderline pathology.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. HPV is a heterogeneous virus, and a persistent high-risk HPV infection contributes to cancer development. This study aims to determine the relative frequency of HPV genotypes in Kerman, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 women with Pap smear samples, referring to a general laboratory in Kerman, Iran. Detecting two HPV genotypes was carried out using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The sociodemographic survey was conducted for each HPV-positive woman. 

Out of 50 cervical cancer patients, 33 women (66%) were HPV 16, 18-positive. HPV 16 (38%) was the most rampant type, followed by HPV 18 (14%) and HPV 16, 18 (14%).

  Studying the prevalence of HPV genotypes and their respective risk factors can lead to efficient vaccine development against the virus in each geographical area. It can also be beneficial for illness management and high sensitivity diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

  Various parameters can affect the success of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This study aims to compare the results of fertility in formerly infertile couples who underwent ICSI considering different parameters.

  In this retrospective study, 261 cases of infertile couples who referred to Motazedi Infertility Center in Kermanshah, and had successful ICSI from 2011 to 2017, were examined. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data.

  The highest ICSI success rates were in the age range of 31-40 years (58.2%), and 21-30 years (55.8%), in men and women, respectively. Regarding the duration of infertility, the highest success rate was observed in couples who were infertile for less than five years (51.8%). In this study, all the patients’ endometrial thicknesses were normally higher than 4 mm. In terms of the number of embryos formed, the success percentage was 68% with three formed embryos. The hormonal variations and distribution percentages were as following: AMH ranging from 1.01 to 5 ng/mL (55.6%), TES ranging from 0 to 50 nmol/L (53%), TSH ranging from 1.01 to 5 μU/mL (81.6%), FSH ranging from 5.01 to 10 IU/L (58.9%), PRO ranging from 5.01 to 10 ng/mL (24%), LH ranging from 1.01 to 5 IU/L (46.7%), and DHEA-S ranging from 1.01 to 5 ng/mL (18.9%).

  According to the results, it seems that the success of ICSI technique in infertile couples depends on some parameters including variations in reproductive hormones, number of embryos, couples’ ages, and duration of infertility.

In this study, the relationship between ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and lamellar body number was studied.

 A comprehensive literature review was performed on papers published from 2004 to 2016 by searching databases including NCBI, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science as well as native databases such as Iran DAC, Islamic science citation (ISC), and Magiran with a special focus on presented articles. Keywords used include body count, fetal lung, and ultrasonic.

 In this study we used ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and related this to lamellar body count and neo natal outcome. The ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity can reduce mortality and morbidity in neonate

  A limited study has been performed in the field of ultrasonic marker of fetal lung maturity and it is suggested that detailed studies be performed in this field in other parts of Iran as well.