Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:15 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2020

Objective:

 The aim of this study was to evaluate etomidate as an injectable anesthetic in dogs and to use midazolam and methocarbamol in premedication.

Design:

 Experimental Study.

Animals:

 Fourteen native young female dogs

Procedure:

 Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups to receive: midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; MiE group) or methocarbamol (20 mg/kg; MeE group) 5 minutes before etomidate (2 mg/kg) administered intravenously. In addition to recording anesthesia plan times, some physiological and hematobiochemical parameters were also measured at different times in the two groups.

Results:

 It was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups at both induction and recovery time. Heart rate, respiratire rate, and rectal temperature changes in the MiE group were noticeably fluctuating, unlike the MeE group. There was a significant difference in the values of hematocrit, total protein, glucose, and cortisol between the two groups at some times. Significant increase in ALT and AST activity was observed in MeE group compared to MiE group at some times.

Conclusion and clinical relevance:

 Intramuscular administration of methocarbamol such as midazolam prior to induction of anesthesia by etomidate in dogs, while providing similar anesthesia and recovery time, has minimal cardiopulmonary effects and hematobiochemical changes in dogs under anesthesia.

Objective:

 Leakage after colon anastomosis is the most common complication with the highest mortality rate. Silymarin possesses potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, reparative and antibacterial activities and therefore has been used to accelerate different experimental wound healing models. This study was aimed to investigate effects of orally administered silymarin following colonic resection and anastomosis in terms of histopathological and mechanical parameters.

Design:

 An experimental study.

Animals:

 Twenty four male mature Wistar rats

Procedures:

 The rats were divided randomly into two groups. After aseptic preparation, descending colon was exteriorized thorough laparotomy. Then, colon resection and end to end anastomosis was performed in all rats. The control rats were gavaged with 1 ml normal saline post operatively as placebo while the rats in the treatment group received 50 mg/kg silymarin suspended in 1 ml normal saline for five consecutive days. At the 7th day, all rat were euthanized.

Results:

 Necropsy finding showed that leakage, adhesion formation and peritonitis scores in treatment group were significantly decreased. On histopathology, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the treatment group. While, the scores of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and collagen deposition were significantly increased in the treatment group. No significant difference was observed in bursting pressure when control samples were compared to the silymarin treated ones. Furthermore, mechanical properties (including: maximum load, yield load, and absorbed energy) in treatment group were significantly increased compared to control group.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:

 The results of the present study showed that oral administration of silymarin following colonic anastomosis in rats improves the structural indices of wound healing and its mechanical characteristics with lower rates of anastomotic complications.

Objective:

 Tibiotarsal bone is the most commonly fractured long bone in small companion birds. The treatment options are basically limited to tape splinting the leg due to anatomical limitations. The goal of this study was to investigate intramedullary pinning (IM pin) as an alternative treatment option.

Design:

Experimental study

Animals:

 Thirty mature budgerigars with an average weight of 30 g. 
Procedures- The birds underwent mid shaft tibiotarsus osteotomy and the fractures were managed by tape splinting or IM pining in each group. The IM pins and splints were removed at 21st day after surgery. Radiology was performed at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. Histopathological and biomechanical evaluations were performed on specimens by day 28. Stability on palpation, lameness scores and mortality rate were recorded.

Results:

 Radiography showed perfect bone healing in the IM pin group versus the presence of malunion and deformity in the splint group. Histopathology demonstrated a more advanced bone healing in the IM pin group, characterized by the dominance of new bone trabeculae and new cortex formation with very little fibrous tissue. Biomechanical tests revealed significantly higher yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, and absorbed energy in the IM pin group (p <0.05). Lameness scores were significantly better in the tape splint group (p <0.05) and the mortality rate was 0 in the splint group versus 33% in the IM pin group.

Conclusion and Clinical relevance:

 Although IM pinning showed a more advanced level of bone healing radiographically, histopathologically, and biomechanically, the higher mortality rate and higher lameness scores make it a less desirable choice for pet birds. IM pinning technique did not prove to be as safe as the tape splintage technique. Tape splinting remains the gold standard in managing the fractures of the tibiotarsal bone in budgerigars as it offers low risk and high acceptability.

Objective:

 This practice performed to compare the quality of analgesia, hematological parameters, and prevalence of cardiac dysrhythmias following epidural administration of lidocaine, lidocainemeloxicam, and lidocaineMetamizole sodium in cows.

Animals:

 Fifteen adult Holstein cows aged between 35 years were assigned into three equal groups.

Design:

 Each cow received the lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg), lidocainemeloxicam (0.11 mg/kg – 0.25 mg/kg) or lidocaineMetamizole sodium (0.11 mg/kg 4 mg/kg) randomly via epidural injection into first intercoccygeal space.
Procedure Analgesia onset and duration were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility were also recorded at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, Electrocardiograms at 0, 60 and 120 minutes and blood samples were collected through the caudal vein at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Detection of arrhythmias was done by checking 60 seconds of each electrocardiogram.

Results:

 analgesia onset in lidocainemetamizole treatment was significantly longer than that of the other groups (p 0.05). Also, the duration of analgesia was significantly longer in lidocaine treatment compared to other experimental groups (p <0.05). There were no significant differences among heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility between experimental groups (p >0.05). Hematological parameters changes were not significantly different and all of the detected cardiac arrhythmias were physiologic among treatments (p > 0.05).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:

 Aforementioned dosages could be used in cows without any clinical, cardiac, and hematological side effects. Lidocaine analgesia was reliable; however, the authors were not sure about adequate analgesia resulted after injection the halfdose of meloxicam and Metamizole in combination with lidocaine therefore, further studies should be done.

 This practice performed to compare the quality of analgesia, hematological parameters, and prevalence of cardiac dysrhythmias following epidural administration of lidocaine, lidocainemeloxicam, and lidocaineMetamizole sodium in cows.

 Fifteen adult Holstein cows aged between 35 years were assigned into three equal groups.

 Each cow received the lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg), lidocainemeloxicam (0.11 mg/kg – 0.25 mg/kg) or lidocaineMetamizole sodium (0.11 mg/kg 4 mg/kg) randomly via epidural injection into first intercoccygeal space.

 Analgesia onset and duration were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility were also recorded at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, Electrocardiograms at 0, 60 and 120 minutes and blood samples were collected through the caudal vein at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Detection of arrhythmias was done by checking 60 seconds of each electrocardiogram.

 analgesia onset in lidocainemetamizole treatment was significantly longer than that of the other groups (p 0.05). Also, the duration of analgesia was significantly longer in lidocaine treatment compared to other experimental groups (p <0.05). There were no significant differences among heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility between experimental groups (p >0.05). Hematological parameters changes were not significantly different and all of the detected cardiac arrhythmias were physiologic among treatments (p > 0.05).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:

 Aforementioned dosages could be used in cows without any clinical, cardiac, and hematological side effects. Lidocaine analgesia was reliable; however, the authors were not sure about adequate analgesia resulted after injection the halfdose of meloxicam and Metamizole in combination with lidocaine therefore, further studies should be done.

Objective:

 Veterinary and human orthopedics is widely applied to stimulate fracture healing, accelerate junction connection, and repair bone defects. In this regard, several studies have been conducted on selecting the best material for bone repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit on the process of bone repair in a rabbit animal model.

 Experimental Study

 For this purpose, 12 rabbits were obtained.

 Rabbits randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group, in which a twosided hole was created in the femur and did not receive the treatment. The second group underwent surgery and received an aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit at a dose of 250 mg/kg, and the third group received 500 mg/kg intraperitoneal. On weeks 2 and 4 following the bone defect, a histopathologic sample was taken from the site. The bone tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

According to histopathologic results, the best and weakest performances occurred in the group treated with 500 mg/kg of extract and in the control group, respectively. This group had a significant difference with other groups in terms of osteoplasia (p < 0.05).

In general, the results showed that the aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can play an important role in the healing of bone fractures.

 The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Nigella sativa oil on prostate dimensions in adult dogs.

Design:

 Experimental study

Animals:

 Five adult male dogs Procedures- In this research, 5 adult male Iranian mixed-breed dogs with a mean age of 7.30 ± 2.77 years and a mean weight of 27 ± 5.7 kg with clinical symptoms of prostatitis were selected. Sagittal and transverse ultrasound images were performed by using a 5 MHZ convex transducer.

Results:

 In the obtained images desired parameters such as length, width and height of the prostate gland were measured before and after administration of Nigella sativa. Results showed significant differences between all measured parameters before and after drug administration (p < 0.05).

Conclusion and Clinical :

Relevance- This study confirms that Nigella sativa oil can reduce prostatic dimensions in adult male dogs. So, it can be used as a safe and effective drug for the treatment of prostate-related diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs.

Objective:

 Evaluation of possible contamination of sole ulcers with digital dermatitis Treponema spp

Design:

 Clinical detection Animals- Thirty-three cows with sole ulcer lesion.

Procedures:

Hoof trimmings were done by professional veterinarian hoof trimmer on a regular basis. Sole ulcer and digital dermatitis recorded as a wounded lesion in zone 4 and 10 of the hooves during hoof trimming and recorded in special sheets. A total of Thirty-three tissue samples from sole ulcers in zone 4 of digits were taken and the 16S rRNA gene was followed by PCR assay.

Results:

Annual incidence of clinical digital dermatitis recorded as 7.1 percent as the second prevalent digital lesion in the farm following sole ulcer. Treponema spp . was found in 42 percent of the samples, none of the positive samples show concurrent lesion of digital dermatitis and sole ulcer.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:

Since no concurrent lesions were found in sole ulcer samples, finding Treponema spp. in tissues may be a result of the possible pathogenic presence of the bacteria in this region. Multifactorial causes of sole ulcer make different clinical presentations for the lesion and a microbial cause for the sole ulcer that led to non-healing ulcers were reported.

Neoplastic diseases are one of the main factors that threaten the life span of pet birds. Osteoma and osteosarcoma are considered as the most prevalent of neoplasms in the skeletal system, which were reported in several species of the birds.

This paper describes gross and histopathological features of telangiectatic osteosarcoma in an adult male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) with weakness, general depression and weight loss.

At necropsy, a firm mass with approximately one cm in size and brown color involved the tibiotarsus. Pathology examination of the mass indicated bloody cystic lesions accompanied by occasional spicules of osteoid between pleomorphic mesenchymal cells, which it was found minimal.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma should be differentiated from either hemangiosarcoma or aneurysmal bone cyst. This is the first report of osteosarcoma in the budgerigar.

A four-month-old female Holstein calf was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Urmia University with a history of abnormal hairy growth on the right eye since birth.

Clinical Findings:

- On general examination, the animal was alert. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, menace test, and pupillary light reflex were normal. On ophthalmic examination, a hairy mass was observed on the conjunctivae, third eyelid, sclera, and cornea of the right eye. Histopathological examination revealed the mass with three distinct areas of skin. It was diagnosed as an ocular dermoid cyst and surgical treatment was warranted. Treatment and Outcome- The mass was surgically excised to prevent damage to the anterior chamber of the eye. Ocular healing was satisfactory in a 4 week follow up.

This report described an ocular dermoid cyst in a four-month Holstein calf. There was just lacrimation, possibly due to irritation caused by the hairs. The ocular dermoid cyst could be excised surgically, and the prognosis is good.

Case Description:

 The most important causes of abomasal fistulation have been described in association with umbilical hernia and infection and trauma. A 2-month-old male lamb with an open orifice on the ventral abdomen was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) of Lorestan University.

Clinical Findings:

In this case, the lamb had the abomaso-cutaneous fistula due to unknown penetrating trauma. According to the owner's claim, the above-mentioned non-painful orifice was occurred in the ventral midline due to the rupture of abdominal swelling approximately 45 days ago. On physical examination, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were normal, but CBC showed slight neutrophilia and mild anemia.Treatment and Outcomes- After local anesthesia around the fistula, the abomasum adhering to the ventral muscular ring was dissected and closed. Then the muscular ring was closed in a vertical mattress pattern and subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured in the usual method.

Clinical Relevance:

 During the fistula examination through the surgical operation, a muscular ring surrounded by fibrous margins was observed with partial abomasal herniation from the muscular defect. Seemed that adhesion between the abomasum and subcutaneous tissue had prevented the development of diffused peritonitis. Early proper surgical intervention is useful for the treatment of trauma-induced abomaso-cutaneous fistulae in ruminants.

Case Description:

Chronic foot disease, which is considered a tremendous clinical challenge, poses a serious threat to the overall health of elephants. We treated an Asian elephant with hoof disease by a creative surgery.

Clinical Findings:

An Asian elephant presented with hoof disease, which caused the partial detachment of its right hind foot-pad. Treatment and Outcome- We fixed the elephant’s foot by using an artificial steel plate and sternal wire, At the same time we adjusted diet. Elephant hoof disease is cured and its function restored.

Clinical Relevance:

The utilization of fixation plates can be extremely useful for the treatment of hoof disease in the elephant.

The editors of the journal are retracting this article published previously in the Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery.1 The aforementioned article was published in 2007 when the journal did not have an online submission system, yet. Recently, we realized that this article had been published elsewhere at the same time.2 We could not determine which article was published first because of a lack of submission history in our system as mentioned above and changes in the editorial staff of the journal over time. More importantly, the corresponding author of the article was regretfully passed away in a plane crash in 2011, therefore, we could not investigate which journal had received the manuscript first. As a result, we decided to retract the article because of redundant publication.