فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 88، بهار 1399)

The interface of culture, politics and agency in global and transnational levels has turned diaspora studies into an attractive and important theoretical and empirical area. Analyzing diaspora requires employing multilayered analytical and conceptual levels and attending to diverse structural, historical and technological contexts. Focusing on cosmopolitanism experience and thought as a core and strategic concept for understanding diasporic identity, the present paper aims to clarify on processes, mechanisms, diversity, obstacles and constraints of cosmopolitan experiences amongst migrants. It is argued that, post-structural cultural theory, post-colonialism and feminism by employing a wide range of concepts, methods and disciplinary premises have big potentials explaining opportunities and limitations with which international migrants encounter.

The issue of the immigrants’ adaptation to the destination society has always been one of the main subjects in immigration studies attracting researchers and politicians. Like any other immigrant community, Iranian diaspora in France whose presence in the country goes back at least to the Qajar period are struggling to adapt to their new society. The theme of cultural adaptation involving from complete rejection to total conformity it puts people in different positions on the spectrum, obviously, people from both ends of the spectrum usually make up a few number of immigrants and most of this community is between these two places. Different generations are also facing their own challenges; the first generation is engaged with cultural rebuilding and reconstruction. The second generation is struggling with identity issues that are much deeper and more complex than the first generation. The third generation has neither integration nor identity problem, and generally, the extent of his connection to the original community depends only on the efforts of his family, otherwise he could be a French citizen or a universal citizen without hometown in the true sense of the word. In this article, the researcher tries to present his anthropological analysis, regarding his own experienced life and the observations and interviews he has had in France, in more than five years.

Despite its widespread use as an equivalent for immigrant populations, the term diaspora remains semantically and theoretically ambiguous. This study hypothesizes that the term diaspora fails to represent Iranian immigration and its divergent heterogeneities. Discussing theoretical approaches to diaspora, the characteristics of Iranian immigration, and the findings of interviews with forty young Iranian immigrants living in France, the present study attempts to offer a more suitable alternative to the term diaspora. It will be revealed that the heterogeneity of Iranian immigration in causes, conception of immigration experience, as well as disinclination to create a unified community in host countries, leads Iranians living outside their country to form small and scattered clusters and live on isolated islands. The term proposed to be used in lieu of diaspora is “archipelago ethnicity”, which shows both the heterogeneity and divergence in Iranian immigration in general and represents the only connection between the scattered and isolated islands, i.e., being Iranian.

This study was conducted by analyzing the secondary data of 118 border cities. The research period includes the trend of migration changes based on census data during the period 1390-1395. To prove the research hypotheses of the Topsis analytical model of Border Cities Development Index, Pearson and regression tests, General Moran tests, Spatial pattern based on hot spots and Cluster analysis is used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between immigration, net migration, gross migration and development of border cities. Developments are able to account for more than 19 percent of the net migration changes in these cities. Also, the two-way matrix cluster test of the variables of development and net migration indicated that often borderline cities are immigrants and in terms of development, they are in the third and fourth clusters (the lowest level of development). The findings also showed that immigration continued to be a centralized pattern in Iran and Iran's border cities are the most important migrant cities to the more central and more developed provinces of Iran. The net rate of migration tends to concentrate or cluster in space.

Living with a chronic disease is a long-lasting process of experiencing symptoms and pain, recognizing and understanding this situation, and the re-conceptualizing and reconstructing the future of the person suffering from it. Chronic pains are among the complicated symptoms experienced by patients both perceptibly and imperceptibly in their everyday life. The theoretical idea of the article is that chronic pains resulting from chronic require endless patience with the body. They require a kind coexistence with an unpredictable body and the perceptible and imperceptible pains that erupt at times least expected. This article tries to show how and in what ways chronic pain is a kind of suffering. In this article neurophysiological theories that reduce pain to a bodily feeling caused by the reaction of the brain are pushed aside and the lived experience of chronic pains in MS patients is phenomenologically studied. Through this investigation into disrupted memories, divine metaphors and sensational personal writings including fear of disability and constant practice of patience with the body, bodily dissatisfaction, and complaints of the body.
sability, practicing tolerance toward the body, and discontentment with and complaining about the body.

In the last three to four decades girls in the social and cultural change of Iranian society have experienced different opportunities and restrictions to start life. In this regard, what can be proposed as a general issue of this research is to understand single lives experienced by girls, and their contexts and challenges, so that it can be theorized through the method of grounded theory. Participants in this study were girls of 30 years and older in Tehran in 1397. Sampling was based on the theoretical sampling and purposive sampling and, 22 individual interviews were conducted with two groups of individuals. According to coding processes the main category is extracted as a central phenomenon is "Girls Pantomime in marriage'' and also, the decision-making process of girls exposed to marriage opportunities is categorized In four scenes as: not recounting marriage, not involving girls in marriage, delaying marriage. Such attitude of marriages provides synchronicity of decision, hesitation, delay for marriage. In turn, it provokes strategies with themes "experiencing separation and segregation" by girls. Such experiences, as well as strategies, have consequences and challenges in the form of continuing the social breath by pursuing professional advancement, praising piety, abandoning the cactus of life and the horrors of old age.

Since earthquake has a wide range of effects on people's lives, we can think of it as an important variable in the changes of societies’ social life. The social consequences of the disaster vary according to age, gender, economic and social class. Children, women and low-income people are among the most suffering groups. This qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the women’s lived experiences of earthquakes in Sarpol-e-Zahab. This study has used a phenomenological approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 women affected by the earthquake. As a result, there are 90 interview texts and 10 written texts of informant’s lived experiences and their interpretation, which are recorded in 120 semantic units. The findings of the study, which are 18 sub-themes and finally 5 main themes, show that women go through very difficult conditions. Identity crisis and their incompatibility with the post-earthquake condition, sexual abuse, committing suicide, decreasing in the age of committing suicide, earthquake and post-earthquake phobia, sudden lifestyle change, lack of peace, lack of facilities and financial capacity, qualitative and quantitative difficulties and disorders in schools, the increase in family strife, the increase in divorce, the increase in violence have caused social, psychological and cultural unrest in this city.