مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 101، تابستان 1399)

 Procrastination and academic failure are factors that are on the rise among medical universities and threaten the educational system. Therefore, it is necessary to identify interventions that can reduce these factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on academic procrastination in Medical Sciences students of Zanjan University, Zanjan City, Iran.

 This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test & post-test design and case and control groups. The statistical population was all students with academic failure who were referred to the University Counseling Office during the academic year 1996-7, out of whom 38 were enrolled in the study considering the inclusion criteria and academic procrastination score. The study data were collected using the standard Solomon’s and Rothlobom questionnaire. Students’ academic performance was also measured by their semester grade point average. Covariance analysis and analysis of covariance were used for data analysis in SPSS V. 24.

 The mean academic procrastination was significantly different between the two groups at the post-test (P<0.05). Group F was statistically significant in academic procrastination equal to 257.553 (P<0.05), so the effectiveness of ACT on academic procrastination and its components was confirmed. Concerning academic performance, the F of the group factor was equal to 9.59 and at the level of P<0.05 which was statistically significant.

 The results show the effectiveness of ACT on student’s procrastination and academic failure.

 The couples’ marital satisfaction depends on their Communication Patterns. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of Communication Patterns in the relationship between self-differentiation and sexual satisfaction of couples.

 This study is descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the study was all couples residing in Bukan City in 2019. A total of 500 couples was selected by the multistage cluster sampling method and the differentiation questionnaires, Communication Patterns, and Larsson sexual satisfaction questionnaire were performed on them. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression and the Sobel test was performed by using SPSS V. 22 and PLS software.

 According to the results, the survey of the mediating role of Communication Patterns in the relationship between self-differentiation and sexual satisfaction, the Sobel test statistic value was 18.663 (P≤0/01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the communication variables have a positive and significant mediating effect on their differentiation on sexual satisfaction. On the other hand, the effect of their differentiation on sexual satisfaction is both independent and positive and significant with the mediating variable of Communication Patterns.

 Considering the results, it can be concluded that couples’ therapists can emphasize improving couples ‘Communication Patterns’ to achieve sexual satisfaction and use this approach to prevent divorcing couples from breaking up in their marriage.

 The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Music Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life (QoL), craving, and emotional regulation in patients under methadone maintenance therapy. 

 The method of the study was quasi-experimental and multi-group pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of all clients treated with methadone maintenance therapy in addiction treatment clinics affiliated with Tehran Health Organization in 2018. Then 54 people of whom (18 in each group) were selected through purposeful sampling in two experimental groups (Music-Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and a control group was included. The data was collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Craving Questionnaire. The ANCOVA was used for data analysis.

 The results showed that both Music Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improved the QoL, emotion regulation in the experimental group compared to the control group and significantly reduced craving (P<0.01). The results of the follow-up test showed that the mean scores of the experimental groups in the study variables were significantly different from the control group.

 There was a significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of their effect on the QoL and negative cognitive emotion regulation so that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was more effective in regulating negative emotions and enhancing the QoL but there was no significant difference in regulating for positive emotions and reducing craving. These results suggest that both treatments significantly increase the QoL, emotional regulation, and it reduces craving.

 Executive functions refer to the use of cognitive processes to control thoughts and emotions. The purpose of this study was to predict impairment in executive functions, based on impairment in motor and linguistic growth in children.

 The research method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all students of elementary school studying in the academic year of 2018-2019 in Tabriz City, AMONG them 700 were selected in a multi-stage cluster. In the next step, their parents were asked to complete the Coolidge Neuropsychological and Personality Questionnaire (2002) and FTF-5 -15 questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Simultaneous Regression tests.

 The results showed that defective motor skills, language proficiency, and communication skills cause an executive function disorder.

 Language skills and motor development are factors that are effective in the growth of executive functions.

 The law of contagion is one of the sympathetic of magic principles and is a cognitive distortion related to disgust. To explain how disgust can lead to contamination Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms, this study assumes that the emotion of disgust can activate the law of contagion, which in turn may motivate threat estimations that finally results in OCD symptoms. 

 This study has a correlational research design. Participants were 495 students (59% women) from Olum Tahghighat University that recruited through convenience sampling. All the participants completed all the questionnaires in the same order: Threat estimation scenarios, the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory Contamination Scale (VOCI-C), negative-spiritual contagion subscale from Contagion Sensitivity Scale (CSS), and core disgust subscale from Disgust Scale (DS). This model was examined through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).  

 The finding revealed that the proposed model had a good fit based on reported indices: χ2, CMIN/DF, GFI, CFI, AGFI, RMSEA.

 There are mediational roles for the law of contagion and threat estimations in the relation between disgust and OCD symptoms. The proposed psychopathological model can help to promote the disgust theory in OCD and may have implications for cognitive behavioral therapy.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional, behavioral problems, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in siblings of children with cancer and a control group.

 This study is a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 30 siblings aged 11 to 18 years old in children with cancer, 30 controls, who were matched for age and sex. The data was collected through availability sampling. In this study, a self-report questionnaire of adolescents and symptom scales of post-traumatic stress disorder-self-report form was used to assess the internalization, externalization, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. 

 The results showed that there is a significant difference between internalization problems, extraversion problems, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents with cancer and the control group. 

 According to the results, the siblings of children with cancer had more behavioral emotional behaviors than the control group that these findings revealed a greater vulnerability in this group and a guide for appropriate interventions.

 Early maladaptive schemas are self-destructive emotional and cognitive patterns that have been formed at the beginning of development and are repeated in life. Since early maladaptive schemas can be the most predictive of addiction and social networking addiction is also considered as an injury or complication. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social network addiction among students.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, Yang’s Short Form Questionnaire and the questionnaire of social network s addiction based on mobile were used. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression.

 There were 186 (53.2%) students who had social network addiction. Of them, 215 (61.4%) had at least one early maladaptive schema. The gender of the woman (OR=0.35, P=0.021), age over 21 years (OR=0.56, P<0.001), the formation of the schema of recognition (OR=0.54, P=0.01) and the formation of the schema entitlement (OR=0.47, P=0.002) with the reduction and the formation of the schema of social isolation / emotional inhibition (OR=2.94, P=0.006) was accompanied with increasing of the chance of being addicted to social networks.

 The results showed that some of the individual characteristics and the formation of some of the schemas are associated with decreasing and increasing the chance of addiction to social networks.

 In order to plan according to the needs of psychiatric patients, there is a need to study different aspects of social stigma in target groups. Due to the limited access to questionnaires used for assessment of social stigma in Persian, this study aims to review all of the tools available for assessment of social stigma, which have been designed in Iran or have been translated to Persian. 

 This is a conceptual review study. After extensive review of resources, articles related to social stigma in the health system and conducted on health care staff, students, caregivers or patientschr('39') families, psychiatric patients, mothers with children with autism, mothers with children with Down syndrome, and the general population were included in the study. We extracted the information of Persian questionnaires used in the reviewed articles. The questionnaires and additional information were collected by contacting the authors of the articles via E-mail.

 There were 21 questionnaires for assessing social stigma in Persian language. Of these, 19 questionnaires could be accessed and analyzed. Most of the questionnaires were the translated version of other tools, and only 4 questionnaires had been developed and validated in Persian.

 Most of the questionnaires in Persian are used to measure social stigma in health care staff and students followed by caregivers or patientschr('39') families. There is limited number of questionnaires for the assessment of social stigma in general population and patients. This is in contrast to the other languages that have mainly focused on assessment of stigma in general population and patients. To date, no questionnaire in Persian exists for the assessment of social stigma in children and adolescents.

Predatory journals exploit open access publication method; they do not carry out the peer review process and editorial assessment properly and publish unassessed articles for financial gain. According to a recent investigation published in the Lancet Psychiatry Journal, about 20% of authors or co-authors of articles published in predatory psychiatric journals have been Iranian. This substantial contribution needs attention and seems to be compatible with previous studies inspecting involvement of other academics from Iran in predatory publications.