فهرست مطالب

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:18 Issue: 45, Sep 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/11/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 15
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  • Mohammad Ashori*, Azam Rashidi Pages 239-248
    Objectives

    Cognitive emotion regulation plays an important role in the emotional intelligence of students with hearing impairment. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cognitive emotion regulation on emotional intelligence in students with hearing impairment. 

    Methods

    The present study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test-post-test and control group design. This sample consisted of 30 students with a hearing impairment aged 16-20 years from the deaf school of Mir in Isfahan City, Iran in the 2018-2019 academic year. They were selected by convenient sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups, and each group consisted of 15 students. The intervention group received a cognitive emotion regulation program in 8 sessions (45 minutes per session), while the control group did not participate in this intervention and was kept in the waiting list. Data gathering tools were an emotional intelligence test, administered before and after the training sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance in SPSS.

    Results

    The results indicated that cognitive emotion regulation had a positive and significant effect on emotional intelligence and its subscales of students with hearing impairment in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.0001).

    Discussion

    Cognitive emotion regulation improved the emotional intelligence of students with hearing impairment. This program facilitates the improvement of the emotional intelligence in these students. Thus, paying attention to the cognitive emotion regulation program is essential for students with hearing impairment.

    Keywords: Cognitive emotion regulation, Emotional intelligence, Hearing impairment
  • Sara Ghorbaninejad, Firoozeh Sajedi*, Masoumeh Pourmohamadreza Tajrishi, Samaneh Hosseinzadeh Pages 249-256
    Objectives

    The most distinctive group of people with sensory disabilities is those with visual impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between behavioral problems and demographic variables in students with visual impairment in the academic year of 2018-2019 in Tehran City, Iran.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted on students with visual impairment studying in four schools of exceptional children at the elementary and high school levels. The research population was 400, and the sample size was estimated at 200 using Cochran’s formula. The sampling was carried out using the random cluster sampling method, where the floors of the school were considered and visually-impaired students were selected randomly from each school based on the number of students. Demographic characteristics questionnaire and Rutter behavior evaluation questionnaire (teacher form) were used to collect data.

    Results

    The Mean±SD behavioral problems score was 12.9±10.7. According to the results, there was a negative and significant correlation between the subscales of behavioral problems with age and duration of the impairment. A significant difference was found in the mean of behavioral problems of visually-impaired or blind children caused by accident with those with congenital and hereditary problems. The regression model showed a significant difference between male and female subjects in terms of behavioral problems in a short duration after the injury (≤5 years).

    Discussion

    Given the relationship between behavioral problems with gender and duration of injury, it is recommended that interventions be carried out during the first few years of injury, especially for female individuals, to prevent or reduce the severity of behavioral problems.

    Keywords: Visual injury, Behavioral problems, Age, Duration, Gender, Congenital, Hereditary
  • Omid Azad* Pages 257-262
    Objectives

    Wernicke’s aphasia is one of the most prominent focal brain deficits affecting the comprehension abilities of patients while preserving their production abilities. Although a lot of studies in different languages have been conducted to analyze the nature of this deficit, still some controversies exist in this regard. While some research studies attribute this defect to a performance problem, some research highlight competence deficit and hypothesize qualitative problems. This research, considering the lack of sufficient literature in Persian, tries to reconcile this controversy by investigating the nature of the semantic field in Persian-speaking patients with Wernicke’s aphasia and to compare their semantic processing abilities with those of healthy controls.

    Methods

    In doing so, a semantic judgment task was administered to 10 patients with Wernicke’s aphasia and their age- and education-matched controls to recognize different semantic relations between a group of words whose meanings were related to each other in some way or another.

    Results

    The results showed dissociation in the subjects’ performance. While patients with Wernicke’s aphasia had severe deficits in semantic judgment tasks, healthy control performed very well. This selective performance was also observed in different semantic pairs. Also, patients with Wernicke’s aphasia performed poorly in almost all classes of semantic pairs, but the severity of their problems was more prominent in certain semantic categories.

    Discussion

    The findings, in line with a competence deficit hypothesis, suggest that linguistic items are processed in the mental lexicon as a semantic unit. Hence, linguistic items are categorized in a brain network correlating with each other based on different semantic relationships.

    Keywords: Wernicke, Semantic field, Naming
  • Zeinab Fathipour Azar, Malahat Akbarfahimi*, Farzad Rabiei Pages 263-274
    Objectives

    People with Heart Failure (HF) encounter many limitations while performing their daily activities. These limitations can have adverse effects on their quality of life and self-satisfaction. Hence, to assess problems in the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and plan effective interventions, we should properly identify people’s challenges in performing daily activities. This study aimed to recognize the ADL challenges in people with HF and their effects on ADL.

    Methods

    Twelve people with HF (aged 38 to 65 years) recruited from Rajai Hospital participated in this study using a purposeful sampling method. They were interviewed up to data saturation. Each semi-structured interview session lasted for 20-45 minutes (average 32.5 minutes). The obtained data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. 

    Results

    The challenges of the participants with performing ADL were summarized under two themes: “obstacles preventing normal functioning” and “disturbances in doing daily living activities as a burden”. The first theme consisted of “interference of previous experience in performance” and “challenges during the performance”. The second theme consisted of “personal laborious activities” and “interruption of activities performance related to family roles and outdoor tasks”.

    Discussion

    Patients with HF have serious challenges with performing ADLs which are crucial for their living. Therefore, identifying their barriers and needs will play a major role in designing compensatory, educational, and coping programs based on the limited activities and the interrupted parameters in ADL performance.

    Keywords: Activities of daily living, Heart failure, Occupational therapy, Qualitative study
  • Hananeh Ardalan, Talieh Zarifian*, Akram Ahmadi, Mona Ebarahimipour Pages 275-280
    Objectives

    Different treatment approaches have been introduced for children with Speech Sound Disorders (SSD). Minimal pair intervention, Metaphon therapy, and parents and children together approach as linguistically-based approaches are routinely utilized in this population and both of them shared minimal pairs as a common component. The purpose of the current study was to develop and investigate the validity of the material for this treatment approach for Persian-speaking children.

    Methods

    To develop the minimal pairs’ package, 10 phonological processes were selected based on the literature. Several minimal pairs were generated for each phonological process and their content validity was determined by the content validity ratio. In the next step, the appropriate pictures were selected. In the final step, the package was administrated to 45 monolingual Persian-speaking children.

    Results

    Based on the experts’ opinions, 293 minimal pairs out of 303 pairs, obtained appropriate content validity values (content validity ratio >0.62) and 10 minimal pairs were excluded at this step. Finally, 256 minimal pairs remained after the administration of the package on the subjects.

    Discussion

    Based on the results of the current project, it seems that the Persian photo minimal pairs’ package is a valid material for use in related speech treatment in children with SSD.

    Keywords: Minimal pair, Phonological therapy, Persian
  • Alireza Amiri, Minoo Kalantari*, Mehdi Rezaee, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Farzad Gharebashloo Pages 281-292
    Objectives

    To investigate whether Iranian children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) participate in their preferred leisure activities.

    Methods

    A group of children and adolescents (n=152; 59.2% male; aged 7-17 years; Mean±SD of age was 10.93±3.46 years old) diagnosed with CP (39.5% hemiplegic; 28.9% quadriplegic; 31.6% diplegic) were selected to complete the children’s assessment of participation and the enjoyment (CAPE) and Preference for Activities of Children (PAC) questionnaires.

    Results

    Recreational and social activities were the most preferred (PAC mean score=2.13±0.40; 2.08±0.40, respectively), and active-physical activities were the least preferred (PAC mean score=1.60±0.46). Preferences were strongly correlated with leisure participation (P<0.001), although there were still discrepancies between them. A discrepancy score was introduced, and skill-based activities demonstrated the highest discrepancy score (discrepancy mean score=3.39±2.97).

    Discussion

    Greater preferences for leisure activities are linked with a higher frequency of participation but, that does not necessarily mean that children and adolescents with CP always participate in their most preferred leisure activities. They sometimes cannot participate in their preferred leisure activities and sometimes participate in activities that they do not like. Occupational therapists are encouraged to consider these findings to design more effective plans to achieve improved participation outcomes.

    Keywords: Child, Adolescent, Cerebral palsy, Leisure activities
  • Arash Mirabzadeh, Hamid Reza Iranpour, HamidReza Khorram Khorshid, Davood Zare Abdollahi, Mehdi Norouzi, Venus Vatankhah* Pages 293-300
    Objectives

    Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that has profound effects on both individuals and the community. Notwithstanding the suggestion for treating schizophrenia with a minimum dose of drugs, antipsychotic polypharmacy increases the patient’s care costs and drug interactions. Aripiprazole reduces the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy treatment. DRD2 and HTR2A can serve as predictors for response to treatment in schizophrenic patients. The purpose of this survey was to measure the DRD2 and HTR2A genes expression in the peripheral blood samples using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).

    Methods

    A total of 19 patients with a long history of schizophrenia who received at least two types of antipsychotics with daily doses of more than 500 mg of chlorpromazine were entered into the study. The response rates to the treatment based on scores in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) questionnaire and DRD2 and HTR2A expression were compared between antipsychotic polypharmacy status and 6 months after monotherapy with aripiprazole.

    Results

    The levels of DRD2 expression decreased significantly after the intervention. The mean changes in HTR2A expression and the BPRS questionnaire and also the relationship between changes in DRD2 and HTR2A expression and changes in BPRS score after the intervention were not significant.

    Discussion

    The conversion of the antipsychotic polypharmacy state to monotherapy with aripiprazole has been accompanied by a significant decrease in DRD2A expression. These genes can be used for evaluating the response rate of schizophrenia treatments in the future.

    Keywords: Schizophrenia, Polypharmacy, Aripiprazole, DRD2 gene, HTR2A gene
  • Mubashir Gull*, Akbar Husain Pages 301-308
    Objectives

    Parenting is a difficult task. Factors like social support, sense of coherence, self-esteem, hardiness, optimism, internal locus of control, and religious coping play a vital role in this area. This study aimed to develop a religious coping measure for parents of differently-abled children. It also aimed to explore the factor structure and reliability of a religious coping scale.

    Methods

    Two hundred parents of differently-abled children completed the research measure. The mean age and standard deviation of the parents were 40.04 and 5.31 years, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify the potential factor structure of the religious coping scale.

    Results

    The findings of this study demonstrated that the religious coping scale had 5 factors comprising “divinely seeking”, “coping attitude”, “religious faith”, “sense of possibility”, and “spiritual and social support”.

    Discussion

    The study showed that the scale had good internal consistency, factorial, and content validity. Furthermore, a significant positive association was found between the dimensions of the religious coping scale. The results suggest that this scale is a reliable and valid tool for measuring religious coping among parents of differently-abled children.

    Keywords: Religious coping, Parents of differently-abled children, Scale, Reliability, Validity, Content validity, Exploratory factor analysis
  • Parvin Agha Mohammad Hasani, Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi, Asal Gerami Fard, Mohammadreza Mokhtari* Pages 309-318
    Objectives

    Families of children with special needs face many problems. This study aimed to investigate happiness training on the pattern of parent-child relationships and the hope of parents with autistic children.

    Methods

    Twenty-six couples with autistic children who referred to Rafsanjan Autism Clinic, Rafsanjan City, Iran, were enrolled in the study by the census method. Informed consent was obtained from them. Then the parents completed the Schaefer and Edgerton Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (1985) and Miller Hope Scale (1988). Next, parents were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Happiness training based on the Fordyce method was performed for eight 1.5-hour sessions per week for the intervention group. The parents of either group completed the questionnaires after training of the intervention group (about 2 months and 3 months later). The Chi-square test, independent t-test, and 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

    Results

    The results of the analysis showed that the changes in the scores of communication (P=0.013), acceptance (P=0.008), control (P=0.005), independence (P=0.040), aggressive non-attachment (P=0.015), and hope (P=0.010) were significant between the two groups at stages of measurement. The scores of all variables increased but the aggressive non-attachment decreased.

    Discussion

    The education of happiness in Fordyce style influenced the interactive pattern of communication and hope of parents with autistic children. Therefore, training of happiness along with other services available to parents of autistic children can also be considered.

    Keywords: Happiness, Parent-child relationship, Hope, Autism
  • Farzane Rezaiyan, Guita Movallali*, Narges Adibsereshki, Enayatollah Bakhshi Pages 319-328
    Objectives

    The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an online dialogic storytelling program on vocabulary skills (picture, relative, and oral vocabulary skills) of hard of hearing children.

    Methods

    In this experimental study with pre-test-post-test and a control group design, 34 mothers of hard of hearing children participated. Children’s ages range from 4 to 6 years and they were selected from aural rehabilitation centers in Tehran. They were assigned randomly into the experimental (n=17) and control (n=17) groups that were matched for age and sex. Before starting the online dialogic storytelling program, the children took the Test Of Language Development (TOLD-P: 3). The online dialogic storytelling was done 20 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 12 weeks for mothers and their children. After completion of the program, the language development test was administered to both groups as the post-test. The data were analyzed by 1-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

    Results

    The results showed that the vocabulary skills, picture, relative and oral vocabulary of the experimental group significantly improved after participating in the online dialogic storytelling sessions (P<0.001)

    Discussion

    Storytelling is one of the most effective ways to improve the vocabulary skills of hearing-impaired children and it seems that storytelling needs to be included in their rehabilitation programs.

    Keywords: Dialogic storytelling, Hard of hearing, Vocabulary skills, Online storytelling
  • Nasser Mohammad Rahimi, Reza Mahdavinejad*, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Hossein Negahban Pages 329-336
    Objectives

    Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) approach evaluates and activates the spinal stabilizers to optimize the performance of posture and respiratory system. This study investigated the effects of DNS breathing exercises on upper and lower chest wall mobility (UCM and LCM), trunk extensor endurance, and thoracic kyphosis in a group of sedentary students with poor posture.

    Methods

    In this randomized, controlled 6-week trial, 52 participants were randomly divided into two groups: a DNS breathing exercise group (n=26) and a control group (n=26). First, a pre-test of the UCM, LCM, trunk muscle endurance and thoracic kyphosis was done on each participant in random order. DNS breathing exercise protocol (six times a week for six weeks) was implemented and after its completion, all post-test parameters were taken. Descriptive statistical and the paired-sample t test were used to analyze the obtained data.

    Results

    Significant improvements were observed in the post-test compared with pre-test in DNS breathing exercise group in UCM (6.2±1.6 vs 4.4±0.9 cm, P<0.001), LCM (7.7±1.7 vs 5.5±1.0 cm, P<0.001), trunk muscle endurance (110.1±33.5 vs 88.7±34.1 s, P<0.001), and thoracic kyphosis (146.9±5.5 vs 142.7±4.0 degree, P<0.001). In contrast, the change in these parameters in the control group was not statistically significant.

    Discussion

    DNS breathing exercise with a focus on the integrated spinal stabilizing system and breathing techniques is an effective protocol to significantly improve UCM and LCM, trunk muscle endurance, and thoracic kyphosis. It is suggested that DNS breathing exercises be introduced to improve chest mobility and posture and provide physiological stabilization for the overall health and performance of student

    Keywords: Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, Breathing exercise, Chest wall mobility, Thoracic kyphosis, Integrated spinal stabilizing system
  • Somayeh Kasefy, Farhad Torabinezhad*, Mahboobeh Rasouli, Bentolhoda Zareifaskhodi, Arezoo Saffarian Pages 337-344
    Objectives

    Voice is influenced by personality. However, it is still questionable which acoustic features are influenced by personality traits. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between acoustic characteristics and personality dimensions.

    Methods

    Thirty-three participants with dysphonia and 33 participants without dysphonia were recruited to take part in this cross-sectional study. Personality dimensions were evaluated by the revised NEO personality inventory, and acoustic characteristics by using the Praat software. The tasks included prolongation of the vowel /a/, expression of declarative and interrogative sentences, reading, and connected speech. The acoustic features included fundamental frequency range, jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio, intensity, and duration. SPSS V. 23 was used for statistical analysis. For correlation analysis, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were employed.

    Results

    In individuals with dysphonia, a significant relationship was observed between personality dimensions and the following acoustic features: A. extraversion and intensity in connected speech (P=0.045) and the reading task (P=0.036); B. openness and shimmer in /a/ vowel prolongation (P=0.003); C. openness and the harmonic-to-noise ratio in /a/ the vowel prolongation task (P=0.017); and D. agreeableness and duration in expressing interrogative sentences (P=0.019).

    Discussion

    In Persian-speaking participants with and without dysphonia, some acoustic characteristics were significantly correlated with the mean score of the personality test (revised NEO personality inventory). It seems that each voice feature is influenced by personality dimensions. This finding indicates that changes in acoustic characteristics of voice due to personality can be evaluated in laboratory and hearing examinations.

    Keywords: Voice, Dysphonia, Personality, Acoustics
  • Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood, Zahra Ghayoumi Anaraki, Abbas Ebadi, Fatemeh Haresabadi* Pages 345-354
    Objectives

    Accurate diagnosis of Persian children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is regarded as a challenge for Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) in Iran because of the lack of formal linguistic tests that can reliably distinguish language-impaired children from Typically-Developing (TD) children. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the photographic expressive Persian Grammar Test (PEGT). 

    Methods

    The participants were forty 4-6 years old monolingual Persian speakers who were categorized into two groups of DLD (n=20) and TD (n=20) children based on the MLU (mean length of utterance) scores as the reference standard and clinical judgment of an experienced speech-language pathologist. PEGT was administered to all participants, and the results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Rock Chart (ROC) to estimate the ability of the PEGT to differentiate between children with DLD and TD and to determine its sensitivity, specificity, and the optimal cutoff point. 

    Results

    The results revealed that children with DLD performed significantly lower than their TD peers in the PEGT (P<0.05). Both sensitivity and specificity measures of PEGT were estimated as 100% at the optimal cut-off point of 12.5. 

    Discussion

    The data provide empirical support for the use of the PEGT for accurate diagnosis of preschool children with DLD from their TD peers.

    Keywords: developmental language disorder, preschool children, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity
  • Seyed Hadi Mousavi, Mahmood Ghayoomzadeh Pages 355-364
    Objectives

     Juvenile delinquents are a group of people that is in dire need of psychosocial rehabilitation. In this research, we seek to assess the lived experience in two groups of delinquent adolescents: one group is repetitive delinquents, the second group successfully returned to society. We tried to understand the relevant and essential factors in making this difference. 

    Methods

     This study is a qualitative research based on Grounded Theory. In this study, samples of adolescents with recurrent crimes and samples that have successfully returned to society without recidivism were reviewed. To do this, we should have investigated each case separately and the whole process that led to the recurrence of the crime. However, because the size of the statistical population is not sufficient to use quantitative and generalized methods, a case-experienced study has been conducted. This method assesses current phenomena in their real-life context, especially when the boundaries between a phenomenon and the context in which it occurs are not clearly defined. Several sources of evidence were used. After the coding of the gathered data and the formulation of the interviews in the form of concepts, the next step was to increase the level of abstraction of these concepts and propositions in the form of subcategories.

    Results

     Finally, of 222 propositions, we reached 100 concepts that were mainly associated with recurrent delinquency or regret and return to society. Some of the most important ones were family problems (such as parental quarrels, parental addiction, parental unemployment, and a history of a criminal conviction and parental imprisonment).

    Discussion

     Undoubtedly, one of the essential factors in the occurrence of crime is the environments in which the perpetrators deal with them. They are influenced by these environments whose personalities are shaped. Family, school, neighborhood, dropout, peer group, and general social determinants are influential in juvenile delinquency and its continuation or abandonment.

    Keywords: Delinquent adolescents, Repetition of crime, Juvenile detention center