فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 50 (پاییز 1399)

Women’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social security. For example, can a woman lead a free life without fear in today’s world? In recent years, various studies have been conducted throughout the world, including Iran. Considering this necessity, the current study seeks to investigate those components that are influential on women’s sense of social security in public green spaces. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of its purpose. The sample size consists of 165 female persons. They have been selected randomly. Apart from descriptive statistics, Gamma and Lambda correlations tests as well as Pearson and Regression tests were utilized for analyzing the data. The results indicated that women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park is relatively strong. Nonetheless, the main argument focuses on the determination of influential components. The findings showed that the social capital with 0.69 and groupism with 0.19 regression coefficients had the lowest and the highest impact on the women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park respectively. Furthermore, factors like age (0.36), education (0.53) and financial situation (0.35) had a positive relationship with women’s sense of social security. Generally, women’s security in society falls under the influence of social and environmental conditions on one hand and socio-economic base of the family on the other hand.

In the present study, the researchers have considered 30 major factors which were identified as indicators in the city's development in Ardabil. After determining the role, relationship and weight of the influential factors in the urban development, the indicators were fed into the Mike Mac software. Finally, after scoring for compiling the scenarios, they were processed using the Wizard scenario software. Finally, 38 cases were obtained for 30 key factors affecting the future of Ardabil urban development. Combining these possible scenarios, 7176 combined scenarios were extracted. These scenarios included 22 high-compatibility, 7012 low-compatibility, and 142 incompatible scenarios. The results of the study showed that two scenarios were more likely to occur in the future development of Ardabil of which one was favorable and under ideal conditions (progressive scenario) while the other one was relatively favorable and intermediate.

The term Biophilia was first used by Eric Form in 1964 to describe the psychological tendency to be obsessed with all living things. The word is literally a name entered into the Merriam Webster dictionary in 1979 and means the innate human ability to communicate with creatures in nature. The purpose of the present study is explaining viability criteria based on Biophilic planning in new towns of Iran. On the other hand, the mentioned concepts have been raised in Western literature, so the localization of its principles considering the native condition of Iran is one of the main objectives of this study. The research method is "descriptive-analytical". In order to collect the data, first the Meta synthesis method (selective coding) and questionnaire were used. To analyze the data, the SPSS software was used. Multivariate regression test was used to analyze any relationship between the variables of the study. The findings showed that achieving viability is possible through Biophilic planning; also the most important component is urban management in influential viability in Iran new towns.

By studying theories and approaches regarding landscape, this study analyzes, prioritizes, and evaluates landscapes and investigates their positions in the professional architecture projects of contemporary landscapes in Iran. In this regard, the current theories will be classified into six approaches: concept and meaning, aesthetic, social-cultural, nature and ecology, designing, form, function, planning and the process of designing and they will be analyzed accordingly. It should be noted that this study will be carried out at two levels; at the qualitative method level which is based on the grounded theory that analyzes theories by encoding concepts. At the second level, a comparative approach is used in which the extracted criteria from level one will be evaluated in the contemporary landscape architecture of Iran. The results suggest that there are some drawbacks regarding the aforementioned categories in the professional architecture projects of landscape in the country, in a way that in issues such as connecting landscape with architecture, perceiving landscape, flexibility and planning landscape no attempt has been ever made, but the cases of patterns, symbols, tradition, order and geometry are going to be investigated favorably. Therefore, by making effort to compensate for the mentioned shortcomings we can have a considerable development in all of the cited dimensions.

Walking was considered as the main form of movement of people inside residential areas because of its low cost or simple accessibility for all classes of people. This trend was forgotten following industrial revolution and domination of vehicles in cities. The metropolitan of Tabriz is not as exception from this rule and domination of driving spaces has limited presence of citizens in urban spaces where negligence of pedestrians’ demands is an important dilemma. The objective of the present study is to compare the walk ways of Tarbiat and Valiasr in terms of walking centeredness components. This study is conducted using descriptive analytic method and is an applied research where data and documental information were collected applying a survey method. Sampling in Tarbiat and Valiasr walk ways was performed using Cochran formula using random sampling in 2015. This study used elite and specialist ideas to determine the validity and also KMO test was used to test the reliability of the study which was higher than 0.50 in both Tarbiat and Valiasr walk ways. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using factor analysis. The results of this study indicated that 5 factors of “services accessibility”, “security situation”, “facilities of walk way”, “environmental utility” and “attractiveness and aesthetics of walk way” are the most effective factors in defining walking centeredness in these walk ways. The results also indicated that service accessibility with 25.14% and security situation with 20.48% are at desirable level in Tarbiat walk way, and facilities of walkway with 25.26% and environmental utility with 21.40% are at desirable level in Valiasr walkway from the perspectives of the participants.

Creativity is one of the influential variables in improving the performance and livelihood of cities; and amongst all, leadership is one of the most important ones. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between creative leadership and urban creativity. The study shows that creative leadership is an important and influential factor in the formation of a creative city and citizens’ creativity. In fact, the researchers investigate the relationship between creative leadership and the variables of creative thinking, creativity of urban environment, creative urban planning and supporting novel and creative ideas; then they discuss its positive role using a multi-level creative leadership model with urban creativity and innovation. Moreover, the researchers investigate the importance and necessity of planning from the Islam’s point of view and the role of managers and leaders from the perspectives of the Innocents in societies and emphasize their importance in establishing the Iranian-Islamic creative city. The researchers also study the role of challenges of creative city planning within the scope of urban management and emphasize the integration and coordination in the governance of a creative city. In this study, they investigate the roles using a descriptive-analytical method.

In a rapidly changing urbanized world, providing healthy and affordable housing is a key priority for all governments. Today, the concept of housing is not just a shelter; it plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development. Access to sustainable housing in many developing countries due to the rapid growth of urbanization is faced with many problems like financial, managerial and capacity problems that have led to the formation of low-quality housing, the expansion of slum and urban segregation. Accordingly, the present study aims to analyze the quantitative indices of housing with a sustainable approach in Zanjan urban areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and by using the TODIM technique in the GIS environment, the analysis of the sustainability of quantitative indicators of housing in urban areas has been addressed. The required data are collected through library studies such as the Statistical Block of Housing 2011 and related documents. The findings of the study showed that housing in urban areas of Zanjan faces problems such as the increasing number of people in the room, the density of the household in the residential unit and the lack of housing insecurity, and density of the room in residential units in terms of sustainable housing principles. Based on the results of TODIM technique, the housing indicators in the areas of 1-3 (Islamabad, Sa'dia), 1-2 (Darmangah, Shohada, and Fatemieh), and 2-5 (Bisim, Trans, and Bonyad) are less sustainable.

Equal allocation of urban resources and services throughout the city and based on urban community needs is one of the main concerns of urban planners. This article is aimed at strategic planning of urban services distribution from the perspective of spatial justice throughout Ahvaz metropolis.  The research method was "descriptive-analytical" in nature and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision making technique and SWOT-AHP hybrid model were used in this study. The results obtained based on TOPSIS model revealed that urban services are mostly allocated to districts four, three, and one and that these districts were in a better condition compared to others. On the other hand, the results based on the hybrid model indicated that SO with a final value of 0.265 was the most effective strategy among strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and the dominant strategy in the area understudy was an offensive one. . Moreover, based on sensitivity analysis diagram, SO and WO had the highest and lowest sensitivity degrees respectively.

Everyone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of time and space. Rural settlements vary according to the time period and geographical location. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the viability and facilities and utilities. The method of the study according to the nature of the study was analytical and as far as the purpose of the study was considered, it was practical. The necessary data were gathered from libraries, questionnaires and interviews with the people and local authorities. The study population consisted of 20 villages of rural households in Daman, Iranshahr consisting of 17 villages respectively. The sample of the study consisted of 287 people and 17 villages. In order to rank the villages regarding the facilities and services of center-weighted index model and also for ranking those villages based on the status of environmental indicators the VIKOR model was used. The evaluation of the obtained results showed that there is no significant correlation between having higher levels of service receiving and viability. Populated villages were shown to benefit from a higher level of services and facilities according to the results of center weighted model, but were at a low level of viability in the environment according to VIKOR. As a result, it cannot be said that only by providing the villages with equipments and facilities, the villages can be compatible and healthy. On the contrary, the results are in contrast with the positivists’ comments who believe that by increasing the level of services, environmental and biological abnormalities and problems will be removed in villages.

If a city is assumed to be like a living creature, it requires a vitality to continue its life. Cities are meaningful in the presence of people and urban spaces. With a wide and desirable presence, they need to upgrade their liveliness in the urban landscape. The purpose of this study was to improve the vitality of urban spaces with the approach of urban landscape management in Yasuj. According to the research purposes and the components studied, the type of applied research is descriptive and analytical. The required information is obtained using library resources, documents and field studies. A questionnaire was designed considering the dimensions of urban spaces or the dependent variable of the study and promoting urban landscape vitality which is the independent variable. The statistical population of the study included all the residents of Yasuj (13,532 people) from whom a sample of 383 people based on the Cochran formula was selected randomly. The Pearson correlation coefficient (between functional and aesthetic dimensions) and nonlinear regression (between physical dimensions and viability) and the SPSS software were used for the analysis. The results of the research showed that there was a meaningful difference between the dimensions of functional, physical, habitable and aesthetic urban spaces in urban landscape (0.00) which is highly less than the p-value of 0.05. As a result, various recommendations such as proper planning of city floors, furniture craft, rebuilding and organizing spaces, creating different service uses, and making artistic elements in Yasuj have been offered.