مجله راهور
پیاپی 34 (پاییز 1399)

Today, traffic accidents are one of the most important causes of death and personal and financial injuries worldwide. Among the influential factors in traffic accidents, the human factor is known as the most effective factor. The results of studies show that drivers' correct understanding of road hazards is one of the most important human factors. However, many studies have calculated and examined the drivers’ risk perception index. However, so far no comprehensive indicator of drivers’ risk perception has been developed, focusing on changing some behavioral and psychological characteristics of drivers at the same time. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of investigating the effect of some personal, behavioral and psychological characteristics of individuals on the level of perception of driving risk, a dimensionless index has been defined and calculated as an index of risk perception.

a combination of driving simulator and Flanker and Go-No Go computer tests were used in order to measure the time components of the desired index. Relationships between different variables and drivers' risk perception index were investigated using structural equation modeling by the method of partial least squares. Findings and

Based on the modeling results, were obtained the most important variables affecting the driver risk perception index, inhibitory control, direction recognition error, cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, unplanned impulsivity, disregard for law and error and slip. Also, according to the studies, the effect of day and night variables, exercise status and the number of drivers' eyes on their perception of risk was statistically significant. The results of this study and similar studies can be a valuable tool for policy makers to improve traffic safety training and advertising programs. including the applicable programs that can be mentioned based on the results of this study in order to improve the drivers' risk perception index are psychological and behavioral trainings when receiving a license and extending it with priority on types of impulsivity and inhibitory control (for memory). In addition, it is possible to evaluate the behavior of drivers with the priority of legality and accuracy and training related to them for the initial receipt as well as the renewal of the license.

Improving operational efficiency and safety on freeway segments has long been recognized as a priority in traffic communities. The variable speed limit (VSL) has received increasing attention and is recognized as one of the most promising tools to manage traffic flows in freeway. Because of its ability to properly respond to real-time traffic fluctuations, VSL control has shown that it can replace conventional static speed limit strategies. The VSL was initially designed to reduce speed differences and harmonize traffic flow on hazardous freeway segments, to lower rear-end collision rates, and to improve traffic safety.

This study used data collected from Qom-Tehran freeway for its case study, according to the driver behavioral parameters in Iran to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed VSL control system by AIMSUN.

Considering the speed of 70 km/h as the maximum speed at kilometre 5 by the VSL, due to blockage in the upstream, there is a 4-hour reduction in vehicles total travel time over the modeling period. In other words, based on the simulation results (single VSL), the Delay, Stop, Travel time and Pollutant Production Respectively was fell by 3.5%, 19%, 1.5% and 1.5%.

Using VSL system in accident prone routes has positive effects on the indicators of Latency, Travel time, Stops and Pollutant emissions. As increasing productivity is important in all systems, it can be seen that the using this system in accident prone routes is very important to increase safety and improve the route performance due to reducing Travel time, Fuel consumption, Secondary accidents and Pollutant emissions.

Due to the increasing number of vehicles and the growth of accident rates in recent years, traffic safety should be considered more than ever. Since the high speed of vehicles is always one of the main causes of accidents and also a large number of these accidents occur in accidental areas, speed management in these areas with the aim of reducing speed is very important in reducing accidents and increasing safety; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the speeds of vehicles due to the installation of safety measures in one of the most accidental local areas of Mazandaran province.

In this study, boards were used according to the needs of the region and based on existing instructions. In order to evaluate the effect of these signs on the speed of vehicles, studies were conducted in two sections before and after the implementation of measures in the study area of Azarak located in the axis of Kandovan. Then, velocity perceptions were performed to check the seasonal changes and increase the accuracy of the census at the control points.

The study in this study showed a decrease in average speed of 85% of vehicles. Also, the highest decrease in average speed by separating light and heavy vehicles,4.78 and 4.32, respectively were reported at a distance of 75 meters from the location of first sign. Evaluation of mean data changes was also used in before and after studies.

The results showed significant differences between the data of the two communities. In addition, the effect of the signs on the deceleration of vehicles among light vehicles was greater than that of heavy vehicles.

Effective and efficient implementation of knowledge management requires the provision of infrastructure, among which the appropriate organizational culture has a special place. Therefore, organizations need a culture that helps them create and share knowledge. Knowledge culture reflects the values and beliefs that facilitate and encourage knowledge management activities in an organization. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the role of knowledge culture and organizational effectiveness of Traffic police employees in Great Tehran.

The present study is practical research in terms of purpose and a descriptive research in type of correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the present study includes all traffic police employees of Greater Tehran in September 2017, which 180 people was studied as a statistical sample using cluster random sampling methods. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge culture and effectiveness.

Research Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge culture and its dimensions with the organizational effectiveness of traffic police employees of Great Tehran. Correlation coefficient of trust components, reward and motivation system, employees 'personal views, reorganization space, employees' social interactions, employees 'organizational commitment, employees' power, freedom of action against control and support of senior managers with organizational effectiveness variable are equal to 0/23,. 0/25, 0/33, 0/41, 0/48, 0/40, 0/55, 0/26, and 0/34, respectively ,all of which are significant at the level of 0.01.

Improving the level of knowledge of knowledge culture, and the dimensions of knowledge culture can be considered by authorities as the main key in improving and promoting organizational effectiveness

Due to the daily increasing number of private cars and consequently increase in traffic problems, especially traffic accidents and the imposing exorbitant human and financial costs on urban communities, is very important to identify traffic accidental points and areas in order to carry out practical plans to reduce and or minimizing the rate of traffic accidents and improving the safety level of the urban transportation system, and in the same way, not accurately predicting high-risk points and not paying attention to the underlying indicators of the accident, can increase cost of construction sector and the country's management day by day.

Therefore, the present study, which is practical in method of descriptivedocumentary and nature, has been written with the aim of identifying the effective components in the occurrence of traffic accidents in Ardabil city and modeling and predicting the occurrence of traffic accidents. the library method has been used in order to collect statistics and information required for research, and ARCGIS 10.4 and Geoda software have been used in order to analyze spatial data.

The results of the studies conducted in the present study indicate the existence of a cluster pattern in the spatial distribution of traffic accidents in Ardabil. These accidents are geographically distributed in the northwest-southeast direction to the center of gravity of central core of Ardabil city. so that the main centers of occurrence of accidents are located in this area. In fact, it can be said that the main centers of traffic accidents in Ardabil city were mostly corresponding to the geographical location of Imam Hossein Square (Tazeh Square), part of Imam Khomeini Street (between Fajr Square (Bazaar) to the Gandarmery intersection), Ghiam Square, Mobarezan Square and the distance between these intersections, the first Bani-Hashem Highway (Moghan Road), Darupakhsh Street, Madar Square, the distance between Mobarezan Square (Meshgin Gate) to Saadi Square (Shohada Highway), the distance between Isar Square And Besat Square, Tohid Square, distance between Mojez and Molayosef and Hakim Nezami Square. In fact, the mentioned intersections and passages are considered as hot spots of traffic accidents and in other words, the highest number of occurrence of accidents compared to the adjacent areas has been observed in these places.

The results obtained from measuring the spatial autocorrelation of research variables with the incidence of traffic accidents indicate that a positive and significant spatial correlation is established between the variables of bus stations density, density of spaces with organic texture, density of adsorbent land uses, population density, access road density and speed of vehicles traffic in road network of Ardebil city and the rate of occurrence of traffic accidents in this city, and There is a significant and negative spatial correlation between the variables of personal car ownership coefficient, distance from the main intersections of the city and the volume of vehicle traffic with the incidence of traffic accidents. Also, the results obtained from the GWR model indicate the high capability of the independent variables used in the research, in explaining the rate of changes in the occurrence of traffic accidents in the network of roads and urban areas of Ardabil.

The aim of this study was to identify and describe the effect of traffic management components in reducing traffic accidents of motorcyclists in Kermanshah province.

This research is practical in terms of purpose and performed by descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study includes traffic police managers of Kermanshah province who have been studied in full. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire.

Traffic culture training with very high and high, with 84.1%, law enforcement and regulations with 76.4% and enforcement of police supervision and control with 71.7%, respectively, have the greatest impact on reducing traffic accidents of motorcyclists.

the category of Promoting the traffic culture of motorcyclists as an important issue is not comprehensively considered by the traffic authorities, however, by allocating the maximum amount of impact, it deserves the basic and continuous attention of stakeholders in order to reduce traffic accidents. Despite the presence of the police on the roads and cities of the country, which strengthens deterrence and prevention of accidents, there is a need to further strengthen the physical and intelligent monitoring of the police through new equipment.

Given the importance of the role of ICT in border areas and the changes and reactions that ICT can have in small towns and villages located in border areas, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social factors related to ICT acceptance and use among traffic police personnel in border areas of South Khorasan.

This study is a descriptive in terms of survey and the statistical population studied is all traffic police personnel in South Khorasan province. From among them, a sample of 170 people was selected by stratified random method and ff the proportional type. a researcher-made questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used to collect the data, , the validity of which was confirmed by the opinions of ten people (five professors and five relevant experts) after making the necessary corrections. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 85%.

The obtained results indicate that the variables of usefulness, ease of use, type of job, use of communication channels and the amount of training of traffic police personnel in the field of computer and Internet have affected the rate of acceptance and use of ICT; However, no significant relationship was found between the variables of education level and socio-economic status of employees and acceptance and use of ICT.

The results show that two factors of education and communication channels can play a useful and effective role in changing the mindset of traffic police personnel and leading them to new technologies