مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 41، پاییز 1399)

Fires in Zagros Rangelands and Forests Given the protective role of these forests in preventing water and soil erosion, it is a serious environmental threat to these forests and rangelands. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of fires in rangelands and forests of Kamyaran city and identify areas prone to fire. According to reported fires, the major fires were identified as having the highest frequency and frequency, and the file was compiled using the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the entire area in the past few years and after converting it to soft format. The Arc Map was transferred and a map of the scattered areas of forests and rangelands was prepared. Then, by analyzing the studies in this area and asking the experts of natural resources, Jihad of Agriculture and Meteorology, six factors influencing the fire in rangelands and forests of this region were analyzed. Influential factors include precipitation, temperature, river distance, distance from road, elevation and slope of the area. Then, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the information layers in the Expert Choise software were weighted and then compared by pairwise comparison. Finally, after incorporating layers in Arc Map software, the final map of fire hazard zoning of forests and rangelands of the city was classified into five classes of areas with high potential to very low potential. The results showed that the ground truth layers were in full agreement with the final map and most of the large-scale wildfires were located in high potential and very high critical areas and from the total forest area and rangelands of the high potential areas. The fire covered an area of 45218.14 hectares, comprising 22% of the total area.

According to national laws, the need to organize office buildings in newly established cities as office sites is raised, and increasing the benefits of operating these complexes depends on choosing the appropriate location. Proper location is very complex process due to its multifaceted nature. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the variables and combine them in the form of a comprehensive application model and formulate an application instruction.In order to achieve the main purpose of the research, first, effective criteria in locating land uses have been formulated, and in particular, administrative sites, which facilitate and make optimal choices. Since in the process of optimal location due to the multiplicity of variables and effective indicators, we need to use multi criteria decision making techniques and models in this study preferred ranking method Promethee is used. The model has been widely used in the past few years due to the capabilities defined in it based on fuzzy mathematical methods and its simplicity, and according to the 6 functions with the ability to define complete preference, relative preference, with topics. Urban planning, and specifically the issue of location, is very relevant. Since the main and sub-variables of the research should be entered into the model in a weighted manner and with specific significance coefficients. Relevant coefficients were determined by selecting the experts and performing pairwise comparisons (part of the AHP model).In the process of conducting research and in order to identify the options with the basic requirements for the location of office sites in Bakhrez city, the technique of combining layers in GIS software has been used. The identified positions included eight positions in the city, which were ranked Promethee multi criteria decision making model, and the optimal positions for the establishment of an office site in the city were introduced.

Duo to the increasing rate of urban population and the production of a great amount of urban waste at once in recent decades, the management of how to dispose them is necessary. The lack of proper national policy for the management of solid waste management (SWM) has caused environmental damages in Iran. Waste management and selection of the appropriate landfill are processes that require knowledge of a large of number parameters and requirements. The purpose of this study was to locate suitable landfills for solid waste in Miyan Rahan city of Kermanshah province, based on natural and human criteria and other criteria. To achieve this aim, 8 natural and human standards and criteria, including slope, geology, fault, land-use layers, well dispersions depth of groundwater, distance from Urban and rural settlements centers, and distance from the road, were used. After preparing and standardizing the layers and using the Fuzzy logic model and operator modeling (AND), the zoning of appropriate landfill place has been proceeded. The result shows that 98% of the area is completely inappropriate, and most of the area is suitable and fully suitable about 2% of the area is located in the east and south-eastern part of the Dinavar District on the Sonqor-Kermanshah road.

This research attempts to select the suitable areas for tourism development using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Ecological capability evaluation. It regulates the relationship between socio-economic impacts and land use changes to monitor the sustainable development and determines the potential or types of use that land can naturally have. In this research, in order to identify the environmental potential of Shahrood County for tourism, GIS as the best suitable technique for land evaluation and site feasibility was used along with Index Overlaying (IO). Thus by identifying the ecological resources of the region, in a scale of 1:250000, map layer information was dispatched to the ArcGIS to overlay. This research was done in 6 stages. After preparing the slope, aspect and elevation layers, they were overlaid in ArcGIS and the landform layer was produced. Then, the overlaying of landform, land use, soil, vegetation and wildlife layers resulted in the final environmental units. After that, the ecological models of extensive and intensive tourism in Iran were used for comparison and analysis. According to the results, the study area has high potential for tourism. The suitable area for intensive outdoor recreation encompassed 68.8% of the area associated with class 1 and 19.1% with class 2; and extensive outdoor recreation included 93.2% class 1 and 5.3% class 2. In addition to this, 13.6% of study area was allocated to conservation because no part of this area is suitable for tourism activities. In the end, appropriate activities for each zone are recommended.

Hyperspectral imaging concerns measurement and interpretation of spectral imagery acquired by satellite, airborne, terrestrial, or laboratory sensors over visible, infrared and sometime thermal spectral regions of electromagnetic spectrum. There are two major approaches for classification of hyperspectral images: the spectral or pixel-based techniques, and the spectral-spatial or object-based techniques. Recently, an effective approach for spectral-spatial classification has been proposed using Hierarchical SEGmentation (HSEG) grown form automatically selected markers. This paper aims at improving this approach for classification of hyperspectral images in urban areas. The Weighted Genetic (WG) algorithm is first used to obtain the subspace of hyperspectral data. The obtained features are then fed into the marker-based HSEG algorithm. Then, the contextual features from segmented images are extracted. For spatial features, area, entropy, shape, adjacency and relation features are considered as the potential components in feature space. Finally, using both spectral and spatial features, the image objects are classified by a rule-based classifier. The experimental tests are applied to two datasets: the Berlin, and Quebec City, which are two known and benchmark datasets in hyperspectral imagery. The evaluation of results showed that the proposed approach achieves approximately 16% and 9% better overall accuracy than the Original-HSEG algorithm for these datasets respectively.

Every year, there are several events in the world that occur suddenly and cause damage to humans and the natural environment; They are known as natural hazards. These hazards, due to their unexpectedness, in most cases cause a lot of human and financial losses. Landslides and earthquakes are environmental hazards whose occurrence causes a lot of losses and damages. Earthquakes are likely to occur due to (return period). Therefore, identifying areas prone to earthquakes and landslides is very important to use methods to prevent or deal with the instability of areas to reduce the risk and risk of them. The purpose of this study is to locate cities with emphasis on geomorphological constraints. For this purpose, first, among the most important factors affecting earthquakes and landslides, 6 factors are the amount of slope, slope direction, geological material, distance from the fault, seismic acceleration and rainfall, the data of which were possible for all provinces of Tehran. They were classified based on engineering judgment in the GIS environment. In the AHP method, based on the layers, the information layers, weighting and combining were combined, and then the earthquake risk and landslide risk zoning map was prepared in the GIS environment. Therefore, landslide and earthquake hazard maps help designers and engineers to choose the right location for the implementation of development plans that the proper location for the implementation of sustainable development will not be possible without considering the limitations and its planning and management. The results of this study show that this province is the most threatened in terms of geomorphological limitations of landslides and earthquakes.