نشریه جامعه شناسی ورزش
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of land management in medal-winning sports in Iran. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and in the quantitative part, the weighting of the identified indicators was in the qualitative stage. Numerical taxonomy was used to identify the state of landscaping in medal sport. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research was interviews with senior sports managers of the country, experts of the Deputy Championship and provincial affairs experts of the Ministry of Sports, heads of federations related to medal sports, which numbered 20 people and the sampling method was total. The statistical population in a small part included all the provinces of the country that the forms related to the indicators of sports planning were sent and collected through their federations to their sports delegations. The importance of each of the components and indicators of land planning related to the three disciplines of liver, karate, wushu in 31 provinces of the country showed that the sociological (0.41), economic (0.25) and geographical (0.34) components to The order was most important in explaining the state of land management in sports. Also, in terms of land management in these sports, the level of development in terms of championship medals in the Asian and Olympic Games in the provinces of the country is different, but most of the medal-winning athletes are in the province where the sports had better hardware facilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers of women's progress into management positions and relationship between social factors with promotion in the organizations. This study is practical descriptive. The research population comprises organization staff in the field of Youth and Sports to 216 people. The sample was selected using Morgan’s table in a relatively stratified random sampling to be 136 individuals. And questionnaire women's barriers to progress (mogimi, 1390) have been used and its validity was approved and the reliability was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha to be 0.658. The results indicate that gender, sexism, leader support, family support, and the existence of a glass ceiling has an impact on the progress of women into positions of management. But the effect of the conflict between work and family was not observed in the progress of women into positions of management. The results indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between gender and gender discrimination and women’s promotion to the position of management in organizations. In addition, there is also a positive significant relationship between the elimination of conflict between work and family and also family support and women’s promotion to management positions in organizations.

Mass media play an indisputable role in shaping and directing the beliefs, attitudes and thoughts of the community, as well as the establishment of an appropriate setting in the field of sport development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of sport television network on people's sports participation. The present research is a descriptive-analytic study and so applied research. The statistical population of this study includes all people over 15 years old in Maku city. According to data from the Statistical Yearbook of 1395, in the city of Maku of west Azarbaijan province has population of over 15 years old 87241 people. The sample size of the Morgan table 384 was determined. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (81.24%). In this research, correlation coefficient and spss18 software were used. Research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between culture development, promotion of social participation, information and education in sport network with sport participation.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between values ​​and lifestyle with the participation of women in sports in Marand. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. In terms of data collection, it is a field study. The statistical population of the study included all women and girl’s athletes in Marand who are active in sports clubs under the supervision of Marand Youth and Sports Department, which according to the statistics of Marand Youth and Sports Department, 27903 people are active. According to Morgan's table, 384 people were included in the research sample. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire for sports participation, Gill et al. (1988) questionnaire, for values ​​and lifestyle questionnaire, Corcoran and Fisher questionnaire (2000), which confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, the Kolmograph-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data using SPSS statistical software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between values ​​and lifestyle with women's sports participation in Marand city. There is also a significant relationship between learning, diversity, fashion, responsibility, attention to history and religion, passion, quantity, intellectual and physical ability with sports participation.

Divorce as a social damage on the family structure and the underlying issues affect serious countless community. Hence, the present study is to investigate the factors influencing the tendency to divorce among couples is written in Kashan city. The research method used was survey and study population all couples city of Kashan in the number of 6784 inhabitants, of which 384 as the final sample based on the formula and random sampling. Also, questionnaires were used to collect data, And all data obtained through the application Spss18, has been analyzed. The results showed that the correlation between the variables of disagreement with the spouse (correlation coefficient 0.940), the degree of involvement of others (correlation coefficient 0.948), individual psychological characteristics (correlation coefficient 0.299), marriage comparison With celibacy (correlation coefficient 0.146), expectations from the role of spouse (correlation coefficient 0.946), the degree of religiosity (correlation coefficient 0.978), with the dependent variable of the tendency to divorce was statistically significant and direct; Also, the results of regression analysis indicate that 28.9% of the changes in the tendency to divorce are explained by these independent variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one month of physical activity on the quality of life of treated addicts. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental which was applied with a pre-test-post-test design with two groups (physical activity and control group). The statistical population of this study includes heroin addicts who have a history of more than 3 years of use, who have referred to one of the camps located in Tabriz for treatment in a certain period of time, 30 of whom were selected as the sample of the study. The sampling method was accessible and targeted from the community of these addicts who had a history of use for three years and their age range was between 23 and 50 years. After recording the demographic information of the candidates as a pre-test of their SF-36 quality of life, they were measured by a questionnaire. After the pre-test stage, the subjects of the experimental group were present at the examiner's desired location for three months, three days a week at the appointed time and performed the selected physical activity as a group under direct supervision. The time considered for both groups was the same so that during the research time, an attempt was made to consider the number of people of equal ages for both groups. Finally, at the end of one month of physical activity, once again, all subjects answered the quality of life questionnaire as a post-test. Also, no physical activity was considered for the control group. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of life of physically active addicts in one month and inactive addicts (p < 0.05). As a result, the rate of quality of life changes in the experimental group is significantly higher than the control group. According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that by using a regular exercise program, the level of quality of life can be increased in various dimensions in addicts.

Consumption at different levels can be discussed and analyzed, that one of its aspects being sports consumption. Considering the significant impact of women's sports culture on consumption, the purpose of this study was to analyze the sport consumption culture of young women based on consumer theory. In this research, the methods of research were thematic analysis and Delphi method. The population of the study was women and girls aged 18-30 years old. They were interviewed using purposeful sampling, and 38 were interviewed and analyzed by the method of thematic analysis. In the second phase, according to the extracted themes of the first phase a researcher-made questionnaire was formed. Then, 28 experts were asked to fill out the questionnaire by Delphi method. In this research, four dimensions and 26 statements were identified as influential dimensions of consumption sport culture of women’s and examined by experts. The first was lifestyle, which was the most important influence on the culture of exercise. The second and third dimensions were obtained aesthetically and escape. Finally, the fourth dimension of this research was the socioeconomic dimension of the sport consumption culture.

A new approach to managing operations in recent years is the supply chain management approach. In the current competitive era, sports venues must focus on their capabilities and resources in order to gain competitive advantage and improve their market position. The purpose of this study is to approach structural equations in explaining the effect of supply chain management on improving the performance of sporting places. The statistical population of the study was managers, employees and customers of West Azarbaijan sports facilities in the year 96, out of which 385 were selected as representative of the community. The data for the research hypotheses were obtained through a questionnaire. The research also used the structural equation modeling model to evaluate the causal model and to verify the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The presented model and the information obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The results of the research show that supply chain management practices and competitive advantage have a direct and positive effect on the performance of sports facilities and improve performance. On the other hand, the positive and significant effects of the intermediate role of competitive advantage on the performance of sporting places were confirmed at a confidence level of 0.99. Therefore, in the area of competition between organizations and sports facilities, one of the factors contributing to success is to focus on improving performance through the creation of competitive advantage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between, The levels of motivation and Intention to Continue Physical Activities in female adolescent students. 221 female adolescent students of East Aderbayjan province aged 18-12 years in 2019-2019 were selected by multistage cluster sampling and completed exercise continuity and exercise behavior regulation questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS24 software. The findings showed that among the factors of motivation levels, lack of motivation negatively and internal motivation as well as positively identified regulation, they have the ability to predict the Intention to Continue Physical Activities. However, other levels of continuity of motivation, including external motivation and introjected regulation, do not have the ability to predict the desire to continue exercising. Accordingly, it can be said that in creating a desire to continue exercising in adolescent girls, the type of motivation they have created during exercise classes can be a predicting factor.

Promoter happiness is the positive sensory behavior that one receives from being rewarded.This study investigates the promoter happiness behaviors of Turner's social emotion approach based on Mixed Methode (qualitative-quantitative-spatial).The study population consisted of citizens over 18 years old in Mashhad urban areas who were selected according to sampling (case type, simple random according to the size of each area and point-location) participants and respondents. The tools were (semi-in-depth interview, interview questionnaire and map drawing) and the findings were collected based on themes analysis, description, explanation and spatial analysis. In this study, interviews were conducted with participants who promoter happiness in intimate circles, providing qualitative and contextual information, then coding the categories, components and questions of the researcher-made questionnaire. The alpha of the questionnaire was 0.78. The results of the qualitative section indicate that the central category of rewards is formed to benefit from encouragement, endorsement, pleasure, and success in expressing emotions and exchanging emotions. In the quantitative sector, the above average averages of the types of rewards were obtained at urban level and were based on the spatial analysis of households that received less rewards in less urban areas and those receiving the most rewards. The clustering results of the promoter happiness rewards are divided into two clusters where the areas of each cluster with respect to spatial proximity indicate that the first cluster was less than average in relation to the second cluster. Finally, the rewards of being promoter happiness as an emotional arousal from the structure are exchanged as a pleasant emotional experience and become an unmatched asset to enhance the quality of life.

The aim of the current study was to investigate sports insurance services in attracting the satisfaction of injured athletes. It is a descriptive, survey type study and in terms of purpose, it is a practical and in terms of data collecting a field study. The statistical population of the present study included 160 injured players of the Premier League teams 1398 in selected sports (Football, Futsal, Basketball, Volleyball). The available sampling method had been chosen, which was equal to the statistical population. The data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 12 professors of sports management and insurance, and its reliability obtained as α = 0.86 The descriptive statistics tests (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov,Friedman Test) were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 25. The results showed that most athletes are moderately satisfied with the service of sports insurance. The Contextual factors have the most roles and the intervening factors have the least role in the satisfaction of athletes with the sports insurance services. The results indicated that the number of athletes' visits to use sports insurance plays an important role in athletes' satisfaction with sports insurance services.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of corruption and anomalies in Iranian championship sports. The research method was descriptive-applied which was mixed and in two stages including; corruption was identified in terms of areas related to championship sports and the components of corruption. The statistical population of the study included all 250 managers of federations and sports clubs, coaches and players of professional league clubs, international referees, members of the media active in the field of championship sports and some sports experts in the championship sports sector. The research sample consisted of 150 people who were selected by available sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 46 questions in a 6-point Likert scale among championship sport stakeholders was used to collect the required data. data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS19 and PLS23 software. Findings showed that socio-cultural variables had the first priority and economic and political variables had the highest impact on sports corruption. Also, the highest rank of sports corruption forms was related to doping and collusion and the lowest rank was related to alcohol consumption and illicit relations. Due to the favorable fit of the conceptual model of corruption, the effectiveness of the studied variables was reported to be good. Also, due to the high intensity of the coefficients of the effect of cultural, social, economic and political factors in the research, it can be said that this dimension has a high role in corruption or vice versa in its prevention and can precede other dimensions in the center.

Since the treatment of any disease requires accurate knowledge, if we consider the process of combating sports corruption to include the stages of disease diagnosis and then prevention and treatment, the importance and necessity of pathological studies to develop policies and strategies in accordance with domestic and local conditions. , Will be quite obvious (Kushki et al., 2020). Sports corruption is not a unified and focused force that can be viewed superficially and uniformly and controlled by a one-dimensional solution, but requires the use of a holistic and multidimensional approach (Ghanbari et al., 2019). Therefore, in spite of the existence of many professional athletes and the existence of scientific and experimental infrastructures in different sports, there are wide and different dimensions of corruption in the professional sports of the country, and the study of this issue is of special importance. Is. On the other hand, due to the fact that there is very little research in this field in Iran, the need for extensive and comprehensive research in the country is felt in various aspects. Therefore, the main question of the present study is how the dimensions of corruption and anomalies manifest in championship sports?

The method of the present study was descriptive-applied which included; Corruption was identified quantitatively in terms of areas related to championship sports and the components of corruption were determined. Accordingly, while studying numerous scientific articles related to the subject of research and interviews with professors of sports management and sociology of sports, to prepare a list of the most relevant and well-known variables in the field of corruption in world and national championship sports that the most repetition and emphasis in The articles were reviewed and after receiving the expert opinion of professors of sports management and experts in the field of championship sports, a research questionnaire was designed to collect data. An attempt has been made to consider the different political dimensions, cultural and social conditions in accordance with the Iranian society in compiling the questionnaire. To collect the required data, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 46 questions in a 6-point Likert scale was used among championship sport stakeholders. This questionnaire has 7 dimensions of corruption (including; economic and political, cultural and social, legal and legal, structural and managerial, educational and training, behavioral and moral, media and communication) and 7 forms of corruption (including; doping, collusion, Drug use, illicit acquisition of property, the prevalence of superstition (including magic, alcohol consumption, illicit relationships).

Based on the results, it is possible to identify and evaluate the priority and severity of the components affecting corruption in championship sports. As can be seen, in relation to the components of corruption, the first priority is with the cultural and social component and the last priority is with the media-communication component. It is also possible to identify and evaluate the priority and severity of corruption in championship sports. As can be seen, in relation to forms of corruption, the first priority is with doping and the last priority is with illegitimate relations. After examining the fit of measurement models, it is time to fit the structural model of the research. In the structural model section, unlike measurement models, it does not deal with questions (explicit variables) and only hidden variables with their relationships are examined. In addition, in the present study, the most widely used criteria have been used to fit the structural model. These criteria are; the coefficient of significance (t-values) is the coefficient of determination (R2) and the coefficient of predictive power (Q2). Also, several criteria were used to evaluate the fit of the structural model of the research. The first and most basic criterion is the significance coefficients of t or the values ​​of t-values, which only show the accuracy of the relationship and do not indicate the intensity of the relationship between variables. Can be measured with it. Figure 2 shows the model for t-values.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of corruption and anomalies in championship sports. Sports corruption varies from country to country and even between parts of the country. Countries are trying to analyze the current situation and situation with a holistic, all-encompassing and systematic view and to respond to the most important and fundamental questions about corruption effectively and appropriately, relying on their capabilities. Studies in this field can identify various dimensions and forms of sports corruption, and provide practical and practical solutions to combat sports decision-makers in the field of sports. According to the research results, the weakness of moral beliefs and human values, reducing the level of conscience and social discipline in society, increasing individualism, inconsistency between values ​​and ways to achieve them, dominance of relationships over criteria, weak organizational culture among managers and employees, culture Intra-organizational loyalty, the spread and perpetuation of corruption, and the weakness of social control are all problems of a society that inevitably transfer from society to clubs and the level of championship sports and related organizations and cause pollution and corruption. On the other hand, economic corruption causes discrimination in society, inequality between classes of society, which destroys the motivation and hope for the future in the hearts of people who have done healthy work for years. Also, the structure of any organization is anti-corruption in any case, in addition to its specific organizational culture, it can provide a nested structure for direct and indirect supervision. It should be noted that the volume of government and government institutions is much larger than necessary and it seems that it is better to reduce the volume of government and government institutions in different ways and remove unnecessary bodies of each institution from its organization and merge parallel institutions. Also, due to the cultural differences of individuals in each organization, some researchers have referred to the issue of education to reduce corruption. Because education has been cited as the foundation of development, in fact, research shows that most moral deviations and behavioral crimes in adults are the result of poor parenting and parenting in the early years of life. On the other hand, the role of the media in corruption is in fact a two-way role that can play both a facilitator and a full-fledged fighter and whistleblower. Therefore, in many countries, the media is used as the watchdog of institutions, but only if the media itself is not involved in pollution in sports or any club or organization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of getting the players of the basic categories of Semnan province to the national football teams. The method of the present study was descriptive survey and the data collection was field. The statistical population of the study included all managers and coaches working in teams of different age groups of football in football province, whose number was about 100 people and the statistical sample was considered equal to the community. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included four components: managerial, financial, technical and research. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management and its reliability was 0.86, which indicated the high reliability of the questionnaire used. Data analysis was performed using statistical methods of mean, standard deviation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S), Friedman rank test and one-sample t-test using SPSS software version 25. The research findings showed that the managerial, financial, technical and research components have a positive role in the challenges of getting the basic players of Isfahan province to the national football teams; Therefore, it is necessary for the country's sports clubs to work closely with football boards, schools, physical education departments, sports managers and coaches, and to pay special attention to the basic football teams.

The presence of thousands of players and millions of football fans around the world indicates that football plays an important and special role in the cultural and social life of countries and people (Baker et al., 2018). Today, football, due to the special role of sport as the most popular and popular sport, which has turned it into a political, cultural, economic and social phenomenon and has become an integral part of the lives of many people in the world, and it is called the football industry. Is enslaved (Pooyandehkia et al., 2020). Therefore, ensuring that the development of football is on a regular and organized basis is a key precondition for broad participation in football and a promise for the sustainable development of youth football. It seems that considering that science is developing and expanding in the world day by day, so science should be used for the development of sports. Football academies and specialized football schools are places where professional and knowledgeable coaches in the field of football can be used to help the scientific development of this sport in the world and to use the necessary ground for planning and development of football in the province; Therefore, in the present study, the researcher is the percentage of answer to the question, what are the challenges of getting the players of the basic categories of Semnan province to the national football teams?

The method of the present study was descriptive survey and the data collection was field. The statistical population of the study included former and current managers of Semnan Football Board and all coaches working in different age groups of football in the province, veterans and football researchers, whose number was about 100 people and the statistical sample was considered equal to the community. Research questionnaires were provided to statistical samples in person and through virtual networks such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The research tools of the researcher-made questionnaire included four components of management (questions 1-7), financial component (questions 8-15), technical component (questions 15-24) and research component (questions 25-30). Likert value was valued. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management and its reliability was 0.88, which indicated the high reliability of the questionnaire used. Descriptive statistical methods were used to determine the mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistical methods including Kolmogorov-Smironov (K – S) test to determine the normality of the data, Friedman rank test to prioritize research variables, and t-test a sample was used to compare the mean. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.

The results of one-sample t-test showed that the components and challenges of Semnan province players to the national football team in the basic categories have a positive role. The table below shows the results of this test: In order to rank the challenges of getting the players of the basic categories of Semnan province to the national football teams, the Friedman rank test was used. The results of Friedman rank test showed that the managerial, technical, financial and research components, respectively, have a higher rank according to the average rank of each as the challenges of getting Semnan province players to national football teams in the basic ranks.

In general, the results of the research show that the managerial, technical, financial and research components have a positive role in the challenges of getting the players of the basic categories of Semnan province to the national football teams. One of the necessities of developing the country's football clubs is paying attention to the basic teams. The pervasiveness of sport and the importance of its place in international relations have attracted much attention from governments. The success of countries in international sports arenas, in addition to social and economic effects, is a symbol of stability and all-round capabilities of those countries and is one of the reasons for the high investment of countries in championship and professional sports. Football schools around the world act as a base for recognizing the talents of this field and introducing them to football at the grassroots level, but in our country, due to the interest of children and adolescents in this field and the desire of families for their children to enter the sport of football schools for education. The football base has been set up, which mostly pursues its economic goals. Also, according to the obtained results, the hardware facilities required by the federation regulations, software facilities specified by the federation regulations, investment with a certain return, construction of football academies in a suitable place and having managers and coaches with valid resumes in the province, including He considered the criteria set for football academies for the development of football in the province.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of the impact of social capital on women's sports leisure in Tehran. Using Delphi technique, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed on the variables of social capital and leisure orientation, and after confirming the validity of 8 sports management experts, the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained. The statistical population consisted of all women using sports services in the parks of 22 districts of Tehran. Based on cluster sampling, 5 districts of Tehran were selected and 245 people were selected by random sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations through SPSS and Lisrel softwares. The results of the model showed that social communication, social belonging and social health have an impact on women's leisure tendency. Finally, urban managers are advised to design leisure programs in Tehran in such a way that an understandable program is considered for the growth and prosperity of the participants.

One of the benefits of leisure is that by creating capacities for women to participate in sports and social activities, it provides refreshing moments for the participants. In the current atmosphere of Tehran, where women have various social roles, both in the family and in the workplace; participating in sports-based leisure activities can be effective in acquiring a happy mood and generalizing this spirit to social roles. Therefore, social planners should be familiar with the key precedents of women's tendency to sports-based leisure activities and identify these factors. According to the research background, it seems that some social factors can affect women's tendency to leisure. Sports activities as one of the aspects of leisure, are like a social activity which social factors can create a tendency toward them. According to these explanations, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social capital on women's leisure with an emphasis on sports activities in Tehran.

The research method was mixed; using the Delphi technique, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed on a five-point Likert scale about social capital variables and leisure trends. The reliability of the questionnaires was also obtained after confirming the validity by 8 sports management experts. The statistical population included all women using sports services in the parks of 22 districts of Tehran which based on cluster sampling, 5 areas of Tehran were selected and 245 people were selected by random sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations through SPSS and LISREL software.

According to the findings of the research model, based on the effect of social factors on the tendency of women in Tehran and he effect of spending sports-based leisure time on improving individual and social health indicators, managers and urban planners are advised to design leisure programs in the city of Tehran in such a way that it is considered as a meaningful and understandable program for the growth and prosperity of participants; and women attending leisure and sports programs, consider themselves as belonging to the social groups which they are present in. Leisure based on sports activities has a positive effect on many aspects of personal and social health. On the other hand, recreational and leisure programs prepared by planners as a group should strengthen social factors and ties between women.