فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

Water is the most precious wealth available to mankind, especially in Iran, a large area of which is covered by arid and desert areas. Due to the dry and fragile climate of the country and considering the recent droughts, the importance of water as a vital input is becoming more and more clear. Today, human beings are facing many problems in the process of accelerating development to supply water. This is the case in arid climates where ecosystems involved in water supply are more fragile. With droughts and uncontrolled depletion of water resources, it has put planners in a more critical position. Limited water resources, rapid population growth and the need for more production have made the agricultural sector more in demand than other water-consuming sectors. Therefore, the most important challenge for the agricultural sector in these areas in the current situation is how to produce more food than less water. The results show that the water sector is one of the basic infrastructure sectors of the country that can act as an engine of growth in the economy and cause the growth of other sectors, especially the agricultural sector and related activities. Also the results showed that there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics of farmers and the desire for sustainable management of water resources. The present study was an applied research by descriptive and correlation methods and used factor analysis technique. This research was conducted by documentary and field methods using a questionnaire to determine the factors affecting the sustainable management of agricultural water resources in agricultural lands around Tehran. The statistical population in this study was all managers, experts and experts in the agricultural sector around the city of Tehran. After library and field study, were collected data and then they obtained information was analyzed using SPSS software.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of zinc foliar application and different levels of sulfur fertilizer on yield and wheat yield components of Baharan cultivar in 2016-2017 in Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The statistical format of the design was factorial based on random complete blocks in 3 replications. The factors include sulfur fertilizer at three levels (zero, 250 and 500 kg.ha-1 from biosulfur or thiobacillus sulfur) and zinc element foliar application of zinc sulfate source (ZnSo4, 2H2o) at three levels (pure water spraying, solution Zinc spraying with a concentration of 0.5% and 1%). Zinc sulfate contained 34% pure zinc. The results showed that sulfur consumption had a significant effect on yield and quantitative components of wheat growth. The effect of consumption of this element on gluten, protein and grain content was also significant. Foliar application of zinc also had a significant effect on the weight characteristics of one thousand seeds, number of fertile tillers, grain yield, biological yield and leaf surface index. Also, all the qualitative traits of the grain were significantly affected by this element. The highest grain yield was obtained from the treatment of 500 kg of sulfur with 1% solution of zinc spraying at 6789 kg.ha-1. The combined use of biofuels and zinc increased the yield of wheat grains by 36%. The highest weight of 1000 grains was obtained from the consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and zinc foliar application with a concentration of 1% and a rate of 49.6 g. The maximum gluten in the grain was obtained from the consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and zinc foliar application with a concentration of 1%, respectively. Under the conditions of sulfur consumption, the positive effect of zinc foliar application on this trait increased. Zinc consumption increased the protein content by 10.3% and 17.7% for two concentrations of 0.5% and 1% of foliar application, respectively. The highest percentage of protein was obtained in the treatment of 500 kg.ha-1 of biofuels. The highest amount of zinc was recorded in the treatment of sulfur consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 along with 1% solution of zinc spraying at a rate of 63.30 mg.kg-1. The increase in leaf area index for both sulfur and zinc was significant compared to control.

This study in order to investigate the purification of forage safflower plant under heavy cadmium metal contamination conditions by foliar application using of dalgin growth stimulant in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Faculty of Agriculture of Islamic Azad University, Varamin - Pishva Branch in 2019 was conducted.  The applied factors in this study were included cadmium at zero (control), 50 and 100 mg/kg soil levels and dalgin foliar application at zero (control) levels was 1 and 2 per thousand. The results showed that cadmium was decreased shoot length (%31.28), root length (%41.35), wet and dry weight of shoot (%60.46 and %44.69), wet and dry weight of root (%26.77 and %58.11), leaf surface index (%52.05), relative leaf water content (%39.74), chlorophyll (%22.54) and catalase enzyme activity (%10.73) and was increased proline (%164.38), malondialdehyde (%88.1) and cadmium of aerial and root organs concentrations. The most effect of cadmium was obtained in the treatment of 100 mg.kg of soil. It was also observed that the using of dalgin could increase shoot length, root length, wet and dry weight of the shoot and root, leaf surface index, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll and cadmium concentration of aerial and root organs and could decrease proline and malondialdehyde. In general, the most positive effect in using of one per thousand of dalgin was obtained. From the obtained results, it can be found the positive effects of dalgin, especially in the presence of cadmium, and the reduction of the negative effects of stress in the forage safflower. Therefore, the using of one per thousand of dalgin to increase the plant refining of heavy metal cadmium stress by forage safflower is recommended.

In order to investigate of the effects of topic and granstar herbicides with codacide adjuvant to weeds control of wheat fields an experiment was carried outwith 13 treatment and 4 replication  in 2012-2013, in Karaj. Experiment factor were granstar herbicide 3 dose (14,17,20 g/ha), granstar herbicide (14,17,20 g/ha+0.25% V/V Codacide) and topic herbicide(0.6,0.8,1 lit/ha) and topic herbicide (0.6,0.8, 1 lit/ ha+ 0.25% V/V codacide). These treatments were used in tillering time. The result of this experiment indicated that Granstar 17 gr/ha+ 0.25% herbicide had the best of effect on weed control.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cut irrigation and application of zeolite (10 T.ha) and superabsorbent (1 Kg.ha) in rapeseed in Shiraz city. The statistical format of the design was Split plotsbased on random complete blocks in 3 replications. The main factor in the three levels of cut irrigation (A) includes: 1- cut Irrigation in the stem stage 2- Cut Irrigation in the flowering stage 3- Cut Irrigation in the podding stage and the Sub-factor in the four levels of zeolite and superabsorbent (B) Includes: 1- Non-use of zeolite and superabsorbent 2- Use of zeolite (10 t.ha) 3- Use of superabsorbent (1 kg.ha) 4- Use of zeolite (10 t.ha) and superabsorbent (1 kg.ha).The results of analysis of variance showed that the simple effects of cut irrigation and zeolite , superabsorbent were caused on grain yield, oil yield and leaf chlorophyll content significant differences at the level of one and five percent.The interaction effect of cut irrigation and application of zeolite and superabsorbent were significant on all traits.Maximum grain yield as the most important trait was obtained from cut irrigation treatment at the stage of stemming and application of 10 t.ha of zeolite + 1 Kg.ha of superabsorbent at the rate of 3528.4 kg. ha.And the lowest grain yield belonged to the cut irrigation treatment in the flowering stage and no zeolite or superabsorbent at the rate of 1678.2 kg. ha.Cut irrigation increased the amount of antioxidant enzymes,But the application of zeolite and superabsorbent had the opposite effect and the traits showed a significant decrease.It can be said that flowering and podding stages are sensitive stages in rapeseed and the use of zeolite (10 t.ha) and superabsorbent (1 Kg.ha) to reduce drought effects as the best treatment It was found.

This research was accomplished in 2016 at greenhouse for study of effect of different concentrations of seaweed (Sargassum) extract on growth of Menthapiperita. Present research was done in a factorial design with a completely randomized four replications. The factors were different concentrations of seaweed extract with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent, different spray time in two period types of every 5 and 10 days.Results in this study showed that Sargassum extract concentrations had no positive effects on morphological characteristics including stem high, the number of shoot, number of leaves, number of nodes, fresh and dry weight.In general it can be concluded that, the use of this alga in the production of peppermint because of the decline in growth rates is not recommended and the concentration of the alga more than 20% can be used as herbicide.