فصلنامه سیاستهای مالی و اقتصادی
سال هشتم شماره 31 (پاییز 1399)

The world is rapidly moving away from the base resource economy and moving towards the development of a knowledge-based economy. Considering that the main axis of knowledge-based economy is the optimal use of human capital and skill-building of this capital. This phenomenon occurs at a time when developing countries are facing various problems in this area. This issue is related to other important key issues such as the role of economic and incentive incentives, information and communication technology infrastructure. On the other hand, research shows that the countries that have succeeded in this field have put the use of regional capacities on the agenda and have put decongestion policies on their agenda due to regional capacity building. Therefore, the focus of the present article is on ranking the nine land management areas of Iran and identifying the indicators in this area using the combined method of hierarchical analysis - TAPSIS. The results show that Zone 6 of Iran, which consists of the provinces of Tehran, Qom and Alborz, in terms of knowledge-based economy in the first place and Zone 8, which consists of the provinces of Yazd, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan, in They are ranked last and ninth. Therefore, regional development policy makers to improve knowledge-based indicators in less developed areas should take basic steps to promote postgraduate courses, establish and develop science centers and knowledge-based companies in these areas.

In the modern world economy, foreign direct investment plays a very important role. Empirical studies show that the simultaneous study of the impact of corporate tax and exchange rate uncertainty on FDI absorption has not received much attention. In this article, we refer to the tax on corporate profits and exchange rate uncertainty on attracting FDI in Iran during 1981 to 2018 were studied. Other innovations of the present study can be described in terms of two virtual variables of low intensity and high intensity sanctions as well as the use of fuzzy logic concepts in estimating the coefficients of variables. The results showed that the intersecting effect of corporate income tax and exchange rate uncertainty, which represent profit and risk factors on FDI absorption, respectively, had a negative effect on FDI absorption. Also, comparing the coefficient of this variable with other factors of inflation rate, exchange rate and sanctions, it can be concluded that the intersecting effect of corporate tax and exchange rate uncertainty after the sanctions factor is the most important obstacle to attracting foreign direct investment in Iran.

This paper investigated the foreign trade effect on Gini coefficient in each income deciles based on VAR and VCEM models. In connection with this, the time series data over the period 1369-1394 are employed. The results indicate that, in short –term, rising in foreign trade volume rising causes the Gini coefficient lessen in all income deciles; consequently, the income disturbance will be more equality. Of course, in short –term, the intensity of foreign trade effect on the Gini coefficient in lower income deciles is more than in higher income deciles. Our results revealed that, in long-run, there is positive relationship between the Gini coefficients and the five lower - income deciles while it is negative in the top five income deciles. Thus, rising in foreign trade improve the income disturbance in the top five income deciles, in log-run. These results can help to officials in long and short term foreign trade planning so as to achieve income disturbance equality.

In the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these bankschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks face insolvency or bankruptcy, larger part of economy would be affected, and with the interconnectedness between banks and financial institutions, the effects of large bankschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) bankruptcy will have greater impact on the real economy. After financial crisis, many studies have concentrated on the failure of TBTF banks, and the role of these banks in the incident of financial crisis. Number of specialists emphasize on bank size and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulated by the classification of banks and their systemically important banks. The study of risk among systemically important banks is important to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Many studies confirm that larger banks tend to have less capital, less stability and sustainability of resources, and higher risk-taking activities, therefore, larger banks have become fragile in financial markets.

In the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these bankschr (chr (chr (chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39') 39chr ('39')))39chr(chr(chr('39')3 9chr('39')) 39chr (chr ('39') 39chr ('39')))) failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks face insolvency or bankruptcy, larger part of economy would be affected, and with the interconnectedness between banks and financial institutions, the effects of large bankschr(chr(chr(chr ('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))) 39chr (chr(chr ('39') 39chr ('39'))39chr(chr('39') 39chr ('39')))) bankruptcy will have greater impact on the real economy. After financial crisis, many studies have concentrated on the failure of TBTF banks, and the role of these banks in the incident of financial crisis. Number of specialists emphasize on bank size and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulated by the classification of banks and their systemically important banks. In this paper, the bankruptcy immunity Period has been estimated for 25 government and private banks of iran by applying duration model approach. The empirical findings showed that the return on equity and banks capital have positive and significant effects on the bankruptcy immunity Period and the period of  bankruptcy immunity is 2.68.

The relationship between institutions and economic growth is one of the main issues in economic development debates and has been considered empirically in recent years. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of institutions and recourses management improvement on economic growth in MENA countries during the period of 1996-2018. For achieving this, the econometric model has been estimated by applying spatial models in panel data approach. The empirical findings of this article revealed that the neighborhood effect has been confirmed for countries. Moreover, the institutions and recourses management improvement have positive and significant impacts on economic growth in MENA countries during the period of study.