مجله علوم پیراپزشکی و بهداشت نظامی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 36، تابستان 1399)

Exercise can strengthen or weaken the immune system depending on the intensity and duration of activity and diet; thus, it cause health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey solution as a nutritional intervention on the immune system of people exposed to over-training.

 Methods and Materials:

 This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test- post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For this purpose, 70 individuals from the available population including military graduates have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire. Finally, 38 people with age range of (20.75±1.75) years and body mass index of (19.4±1.7 kg/m2) have been selected using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test. Moreover, they were randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of Cellular immunity (neutrophils, lymphocytes and white blood cells) and immunoglobulin A, 5 cc blood has been taken from the arm vein and examined by ELISA before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution. The changes in cytokines levels have been analyzed using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22.

There were not any significant differences in serum levels of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the honey solution group. However, there were significant changes in the number of neutrophils and immunoglobulin A between two groups. (p< 0.05)

Consumption of honey solution for 6 weeks promotes the body’s immunity to reduce the effects of overtraining by affecting the number of leukocytes and immunoglobulin A.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic anxiety disorder that characterized by excessive preoccupation about orderliness and minor disputes and doubts. The current study aimed to survey the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy on reducing guilt fleeing and doubt in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Methods and Materials:

 For this purpose, among the people with this disorder who referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Mashhad, 24 people were selected voluntarily and they were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received cognitive analytic therapy in 9 sessions of 1.5 hours and the control group did not receive any intervention. The dependent variables were measured twice in pretest and posttest. The guilt fleeing Scale and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory were used to measure the variables.

Data analysis using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that cognitive analytical therapy effectively reduced guilt fleeing and doubt in the experimental group compared to the control group by controlling the effects of pretest.

The present study shows that cognitive analytic therapy persuades clients to change and achieve more constructive methods and guide their thoughts by providing knowledge about cognitive errors and the nature of the symptoms of obsessivecompulsive
disorder.

The effects of chronic exposure to isoflurane anesthetic gas at a concentration of 13 ppm on the function of cardiovascular and respiratory systems of hospital operating room staff are investigated in this study.

Methods and Materials:

 Subjects included operating room staff (experimental group: 10 men and 10 women) and control group has been selected from other wards of hospital both voluntarily and purposefully with the mean age of 35.8±5.29, work experience of 13.15±4.64, and the BMI is equal to 24.59±3.51 KG/M2 with daily step of 4124.35±1016.19 . First, eligible subjects have performed a 6MWDT cardiovascular function sub-maximal test. Then they have performed a jogging ablation program on a treadmill in a separate session. Spiro metric maneuvers were also performed (% FVC,% FEVC, FEVC / FVC) by KNUDSON method to measure pulmonary capacity.

The results of MANOVA statistical analysis showed that, in the situation without gender intervention, operating room staff in selected cardiovascular function indices were significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05). There was a significant difference in pulmonary indices and shortness of breath between the two groups (p <0.05). Considering gender factor intervention men and women had a significant differences in some cardiovascular and respiratory indices respectively (p <0.05).

Decreased cardiopulmonary function and dysphea during standard submaximal physical activity were more pronounced in operating room staff than in the control group. In contrast, women in the experimental group had lower respiratory tract efficiency than their control group counterpart.

Today advances in surgery and technology have made surgical technologists more in need of professional advancement in their work, since the presence of unskilled technologists in the health team can lead to a threat to public health. The present study aimed to investigate the scope of ability and its relationship with the clinical competence of operating room technologists at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2017.

Methods and Materials:

 During this cross-sectional study, the clinical competency of 180 operating room technologists working in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences was analyzed by the self-assessment method. The valid and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The first part of the questionnaire was about personal information, including age, gender, educational level and work experience, and specialized field, and the second part contains a clinical competency self-assessment questionnaire thathas 45 questions and 6 dimensions (general knowledge, legal ethics, evaluation, diagnosis and care of the surgical patient, interpersonal relationships, leadership and management, professional progress and research). Data was analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and U-Mann- Whitney Nonparametric tests using SPSS version 22.

Operating room technologists reported their level of competence well. The general knowledge dimension had a high competency score. The evaluation of diagnosis and care of the surgical patient had an average of 78.4 and the lowest score of this study was related to the dimension of legal moral performance (15.75). There was a significant relationship between clinical competence and work experience, level of education, specialized field, age, responsibility, and employment relationship. (P<0.001)
Discussion and

Considering that clinical competence is a result of different competencies, therefore identifying their strengths and weaknesses and applying the necessary corrective measures has a significant role in improving the performance of hospitals.

Environmental pollution also increased by the advancement of technology and the application of industries in human life. Air pollution is one of the major contaminations in the human environment which causes many acute and chronic diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in Khash Cement Company in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2015.

Methods and Materials: 

Sampling from 8 environmental stations of Khash Cement Company was carried out in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 1394 regarding the wind direction and atmospheric conditions with 9 replications. A total of 288 environmental samples were sampled. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.

Statistical analysis of the data showed that the highest amount of PM2.5 suspended particles was obtained near the company’s bascule in the summer (121.66±28.91μg/m3) (P<0.05). The lowest amount of PM2.5 suspended particulate matter was measured in front of training office in the autumn (6.66 ±3.05 μg/m3) (P<0.05). In the spring, the maximum amount of ambient PM2.5 particles was measured adjacent the entrance door (20±4 μg/m3); moreover, the lowest amount of these particles was measured near the voltage station (14.33±3.51 μg/m3) (P<0.05). The highest and lowest amount of ambient PM2.5 particles were obtained near the company’s bascules (121.66±28.91 μg/m3) and the western side of guard turret (8.33±4.04 μg/m3) in the summer respectively (P<0.05).

The particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 environment in Khash Cement Company was lower compared to the standard 25 and 50 micrograms per cubic meter. According to the results, it can be stated that the environmental suspended particles of the Khash Cement Company were acceptable for human respiration.

Emergency diet is the most important factor in passive defense that can be effective in war situations and crisis management in non-war situations. Due to the favorable conditions of emergency diet, it is important that it provides the required macro and micro molecules.Since most of the Emergency diet composition is composed of carbohydrates, it is very important that it can be used by the general public with the least harmful usage considering the spread of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Methods and Materials:

 The present study tried to define a formulation that not only can be a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and fats, but also provide the ability to be consumed by diabetics along with maximum energy production. Isomaltulose, soy isolate, peanut butter, olive oil, malic acid and vanilla have been used in the emergency diet.

According to the analysis results, 60% of energy is provided by carbohydrates, 10% by protein and 30% by fat. The product is formulated in such a way that the soybean isolates, peanut butter and olive oil considered as the kernel and isomaltulose intend as a surface coating controlling the amount of moisture and reducing microbial contamination. Ultimately, based on the results of analysis, it can be consumed without any change during the self-life without the need for special packaging.

According to the regulation of blood sugar metabolism, it can be concluded that isomaltulose is much better than regular sugar and other alternative sugars. Due to the usefulness of soy isolate, peanut butter and olive oil for diabetics, along with a rich source of protein and fat, the combination of soy isolate, peanut butter and olive oil is a good combination to provide the micro molecules and macromolecules needed by people.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important psychological issues for women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on women's body image and marital satisfaction of couples. Methods and Materials: The method of this research is experimental and its design is pre-test post-test. The statistical population of this study includes women referring to Babolsar Counseling Center. In this study, 22 person were selected by availability and then randomly replaced in two groups of 11 person (experimental group and control group). The instrument used in this study was the Enrich Marital Satisfaction. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results of statistical analysis showed that cognitive hypnotherapy is effective in increasing marital satisfaction (F = 17.92 P <0.001) in women. Discussion and

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive hypnosis therapy eliminates misconceptions, increases accuracy and concentration, awareness and, of course, increases marital satisfaction, quality of life in women.

Today, COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world since its origin in Wuhan, China.COVID-19 is a beta-cornea virus-coated RNA known as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Common symptoms of COVID-2019 are fever and cough. This study was performed to show the effect of exercise intensity on immune system changes during the occurrence of Covid 19 infection.

Methods and Materials: 

This review article has been performed on the effects of exercise on immune function and strength in covid-19 in various databases such as web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed and reviewed clinical trials and systematic studies.

It was shown that physical activity specially regular and moderate intensity aerobic exercise (VO2 MAX 80% 65-65) increases antibody titer, lymphocyte proliferation, interferongamma production, cells NK, M and G immunoglobulin’s as well as modulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Therefore, it can be assumed that exercise is an important tool for shortening the recovery period and causing complications due to its antiinflammatory and strengthening effects on the immune system.

Based on indirect evidence and a conservative approach, high-intensity exercise may be dangerous (especially in obesity), possibly due to oxidant production and suppression of the immune system, and it may help exacerbate the COVID-19 virus. Based on the evidence, intense exercise in the immune system shows a conservative approach. Moderate-intensity exercise (rather than high-intensity physical activity) can be recommended as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, and effective way to combat the COVID-19 virus.