فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 82 (زمستان 1399)

In order to research in field of implicit cognitive processes and cognitive biases in early maladaptive schemas, providing any related stimulus to schemas is necessary. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the Persian words related to schemas of disconnection and rejection domain as the verbal stimulus. 404words were selected through reviewing the Persian lexicon, Sadri Afshar by researcher based on their relation to common unmet emotional needs and emotional memories of people with schemas. 164 words were selected based on content validity by three schema therapists as activating words for schemas and their related schemas were determined. Abandonment, mistrust, emotional deprivation, defectiveness and social isolation were determined to 32, 50, 29, 32 and 6 words. Then the extensions to which they were linked to schemas were evaluated in the 4 score Likert scale by 30 psychologists who were trained in schema therapy. The repetition of the core content in each group of words indicates patients’ concerns and emotions and importance of emphasis on speech and inner speech. This verbal database can provide materials for cognitive paradigms in evaluating, treating and preventing activation of schemas.

This research was conducted aiming at determining the effect of Olson’s Circumplex Model onemotional divorce, relational beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depressionamong couples exposed to emotional divorce. The study was a semi-experimental research of pretest-posttest type with a control group. 16 couples were selected among all couples with irrational relation that seeking a couple’s therapy reffered to Dr. Hosein Ebrahimi Moghaddam's clinic in the year 95-96, they were selected by using available sampling method. After the interview, they were assigned to two experimental and control groups (two groups of 8couples). The intervention based on Olson Model was held at 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Before and after training, Emotional Divorce scale (Gottman, 2000), Relational Beliefs inventory Eidelson& Epstein, (1982) and Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale (Lovibond& Lovibond, 1995) were used and data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed a significant difference in emotional separation, dysfunctional components of Disagreement is destructive, Mind reding is expected, Partner can not change also anxiety and depression (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Sexual perfectionism, the sexual are different and stress variable. The findings showed this method has improved relationships between couples, a sense of intimacy and satisfaction, and reduced psychological stress.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance.

This research aimed to assess the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on fasting blood sugar level and self-efficacy in type II diabetic women. Research methodology was quasi-experimental with pre & post-test, and follow-up (3 months) with a control group. Statistical population was all type II diabetic women, who referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Thirty female diabetic patients were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups, experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). General Self-efficacy Scale (Sherer and Maddux, 1982) and Fasting Blood Sugar Test were used in the pre-test stage. Then, the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of therapy while the control group received no intervention. Finally, both groups were subjected to post-test and follow-up (3 months). Data analysis for the self-efficacy variable was done using the univariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data obtained through pre and post-meal blood sugar tests. Findings showed that after treatments there was a significant difference between test and control group. So that in experimental group, the mean score of self-efficacy and fasting blood sugar level increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control (p < 0.001).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological capital and spirit of inquiry on research autonomy of postgraduate students of Chamran university of Ahvaz. The research method was descriptive correlational. the statistical population of the study included all postgraduate students of the faculties of humanities of Chamran university who were studying in the academic year 1396-97 that is total of 368 students of these, 190 people were selected by stratified sampling method as research sample. data were collected using Research autonomy questionnaire (Gravand, 2016), Psychological capital (Lutans et al., 2007) and Spirit of inquiry (Sherzad, 2012). data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software using multiple regression. The results of regression analysis showed that among the subscales of psychological capital, two subscales of resiliency and self-efficacy subscales were able to influence research autonomy. in addition, among the subscales of the spirit of inquiry, two subscales of perseverance and the curiosity subscale were able to influence research autonomy. Therefore, it is necessary to nurture and enhance resilience, self-efficacy, perseverance, and curiosity as effective factors in enhancing students' autonomy and research spirit, to consider the relevant professors, authorities, and policy makers and provide context for the realizing of these traits in educational settings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family functioning on delinquency in delinquent adolescents in Tehran Correctional and Rehabilitation Center. This is a descriptive and correlational study. Statistic society included delinquent adolescents who were in the Correctional Center. Of 300 adolescents who had stayed in correctional center in 1396, there were175 adolescents who had at least two times referred to correctional center. They were being selected and assessed as the study group. Mc -Master Family Assessment Questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop, 1983) was been used to measure the family function and the Multidimensional Delinquency Scale of Adolescents and Youth Corporations (Sahami, 1396) to measure delinquency in the study. The results showed that family function explained 56 percent of variance of delinquency. Lack of emotional companionship with beta 12, failure to resolve the problem with beta 9.05, lack of control behavior with beta 7.7, lack of emotional integrity with beta 6.8, lack of communication with beta 3.6, and failure to handle correct roles with beta 2.8 are Suitable predictors for delinquency.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness - based cognitive - behavioral training death anxiety among epileptic patients of association of epilepsy in Isfahan. the study was a quasi-experimental one with pre and post-test and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the epileptic patients of association of epilepsy in Isfahan. The sampling method was purposive and based on the purpose of the study, 30 epileptic patients who had the highest score on Death anxiety questionnaires were selected and assigned into the experimental and control groups 15 in each. mindfulness - based cognitive - behavioral training was carried out for the experimental group for eight sessions each 90 minutes and the control group. Received no instructions. The analysis of covariance was utilized to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive- behavioral training as the independent variable had a significant effect on the reduction of death anxiety (p < 0/001)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of empathy skills training, composed with the concept of justice, on forgiveness. Research method was quasi experimental pretest- posttest with control group. Population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2016-2017. Participants included 51 students. The experimental group was divided into two groups (17 persons) of high belief in a just world and low belief in a just world purposefully based on pretest, as well as a control group was matched with the experimental groups based on age and sex. In order to collect data Forgiveness Questionnaire (Malt et al., 1998), the Saturn & Douglas Belief in a just worldQuestionnaire (2005), Dalbert, Libkus, Sally, and Goch (2001), as well as the Empathy Training Program (Waziri and Lotfi Kashani, 2011) were used. Data was analyzed by ANOVA method in SPSS. The results confirmed the effectiveness of empathy training on forgiveness, with an emphasis on the role of belief in a just world.

The aim of present study was developing and validating of Happiness Scale in Iranian Society. The method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. At first, In order to explore the Happiness components, a qualitative (Phenomenological (method was employed. 58 participants were selected through maximum variation sampling of people aged 18-65 in Tehran and Karaj. A semi-structured interview was used for data gathering. Qualitative data analysis was performed by using Colaizzi method. The qualitative results showed that providing the basic needs of life and welfare, emotions and feelings, relationships, achieving life goals, spiritual values, abilities and personal characteristics, choice and health were as 8 themes of happiness. Then, for each of the themes extracted from the qualitative analysis, items were made. The developed scale was conducted in a sample of 500 people aged 18-65 years who were selected by targeted sampling from different regions in Tehran and Karaj. The Chronbach’s alpha coefficient for scale was 0.92. The correlation coefficient of the happiness Scale with oxford happiness (r= 0/74) and orientation to life Scale (r= 0/69) was positive and significant and with beck depression (r= -0/62) was negative and significant. The results indicated the happiness Scale can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring happiness in Iranian society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on physical symptoms, psychological flexibility and social health of patients with psoriasis. The design of the study was experimental with a pretest-posttest design with control and one-month follow-up. Thirty people with psoriatic who were referred to skin diseases Clinic of Sedigheh Tahereh in Isfahan were randomly chosen and assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control groups). In order to assess the physical symptoms, psychological flexibility and social health, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) and Keys' Social Health Questionnaire (2004) were used respectively. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in improving physical symptoms, psychological flexibility and social health of patients with psoriasis (P≤0.05). In sum, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an effective intervention for the improvement of physical symptoms, psychosocial flexibility and social health of patients with psoriasis.

The purpose of this study was to formulate educational package of participatory games and its effectiveness on social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. The research method was semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children aged 8 to 12 years old with autism spectrum disorders from Tehran health care and rehabilitation centers in 2018. In this study, 20 boys with autism spectrum disorder were selected by using available sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental (10 subjects) and control groups (10 subjects). The Social questionnaire was used to assess social skills. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 45 minutes training during the 2 months of training Package, while the control group did not receive such intervention. At the end, both groups were evaluated by the Bellini Social Profile Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results of this study showed that coaching training improves the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This research was conducted aiming to study effect of work pressure on skill development by mediating role of public decision styles university personnel. This research method is descriptive-survey by applied purpose and in viewpoint of time it is cross -section, in regard of gathering information it is of field ones and it is a correlation research regarding research analysis method. Research statistical society includes all staff a governmental university containing 322 people selected by class method. To determine sample size in this research 183 people were selected using Coachran formula and by significance level of 95 percent. Main instruments used in this research are questionnaires of Spector and Jex Work Pressure (QWI), Scott and Bruce's Decision Public Styles (GDMS) and Buis st al' s Skill Development (2010). To examine data normality Colmogroph-Smirnoph test and to analyze data structural equations method was used and to analyze information SPSS23 and Smart Pls3 software was used. Research findings show that work pressure affects public decision styles and skill development. Also, secondary hypotheses of the research were confirmed meaning that work pressure affects decision making and skill development; and public decision making styles affect skill development directly. The research results showed the attention of university staff as resources and human capital and empowerment in terms of skills and decision-making styles can drive the academic community forward.