Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Winter 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) has always been represented as a constant and serious public health challenge throughout human history due to its intensive epidemiological, clinical, and social implications. Risk factors for TB are very important and lack of attention to these parameters can lead to poor therapeutic results. The risk factors for TB in various studies in modern medicine are described. Avicenna, the great Persian scientist described TB in his book “Canon of Medicine” in a chapter related to pulmonary diseases along with its symptoms and treatment. In addition, according to this scientist, there are risk factors that, if present in a person, make him prone to TB. It seems that many of the factors mentioned by the scholars of Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM) are not currently among the risk factors for TB in modern medicine and have not been studied yet. If this hypothesis is supported and confirmed by future research in modern medicine, the recommendations of PTM can be a significant help in controlling the consequences of this disease.

The eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube) connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx, and its dysfunction leads to the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear and hearing loss. In such cases, irresponsiveness to pharmaceutical treatments urges myringotomy combined with ventilation tube insertion. Given the importance of the operation outcomes, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of myringotomy and grafting on the patients with chronic serous otitis media (SOM) referring to 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan, Iran during 1999-2011.

This descriptive-analytical research was performed by reviewing the medical records of patients with SOM who underwent myringotomy and grafting and met the inclusion criteria. After the surgery, the patients were followed-up by the researcher, and those with available medical records who were followed-up for 1.5 years were enrolled in the study. The incomplete files were completed using the available documents in the medical statistics unit. The data of 94 patients were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 18.

In total, 94 patients were assessed, including 50 males (53.2%) and 44 females (46.8%). Among 174 patients, 80 and 14 cases had bilateral and unilateral involvement, respectively. The highest frequency of the disease was observed in the age range of 5-10 years (n=51; 54.2%), and adenotonsillectomy was the most common concurrent surgery (n=83; 88.3%). After 18 months, 31 patients (32%) experienced hearing loss recurrence, four of whom had tympanic membrane perforation, four had otorrhea, and one had recurring SOM. In addition, seven out of 31 patients with hearing loss had severe allergies, while three, one, and one cases had a cleft palate, nasopharyngeal cancer, and cystic fibrosis, respectively.

According to the results, the follow-up of the patients with SOM is essential, especially in the cases with a known underlying cause, where further care is required due to the possibility of recurrence.

Although the efficacy of selected training and antioxidant herbs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus has been determined, the interactive effect of selected training and aqueous extract of barberry on insulin resistance and risk factors of type2 diabetes mellitus is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of barberry and selected training on some blood factors in men with type2 diabetes.

In this study, 48 middle-aged men an age range of 40-50 years with type2 diabetes participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups of 12 subjects, including(1)control, (2)aqueous extract of barberry consumption, (3)aerobic training, and (4)aerobic training+ barberry consumption, based on insulin resistance index. The participants in the aqueous extract of barberry consumption group received200 ml of barberry juice daily for8 weeks and the training and training+ barberry consumption groups performed the training protocol designed in the study for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention.

After 8 weeks of exercise training and consumption of aqueous extract of barberry, insulin resistance index, fasting insulin level, fasting blood glucose level, triglyceride level, low density lipoprotein (LDL)and total cholesterol were significantly decreased compared to the control group and high density lipoprotein (HDL)had a significant increase; on the other hand, regarding the intergroup changes, only the levels of LDL and CHO were significant compared to the aqueous extract of barberry consumption and aerobic training.

In general, aqueous extract of barberry consumption and regular exercise training seems to be effective in improving insulin resistance index and blood lipids levels in type2 diabetic patients.

Nutrition and physical activity are two factors which affecting the control of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly population. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of continued training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Citrus aurantium (Ca) on aerobic power and body composition of elderly rats.

In this experimental study, 42 elderly rats with mean age of 14- 18 months were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats including: control, sham, HIIT, CT, HIIT+Ca and CT+Ca groups. During eight weeks, the Ca groups received 300 mg/kg Ca peritoneally and CT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 85%- 100% of VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min as well as HIIT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 65% of VO2max and speed of 20-25 m/min.

CT (P=0.04), HIIT+Ca (P=0.04), and CT+Ca (P=0.04) significantly increased aerobic power; HIIT+Ca (P=0.02) and CT+Ca (P=0.03) significantly increased heart weight and HIIT+Ca significantly decreased adipose tissue weight (P=0.01).

Although CT can improve aerobic power in elderly rats, nevertheless it seems that CT and HIIT along with Ca administration can have more favorable effects on the body composition of elderly rats.

Psychological status is one of the quality of life (QOL) domains which can be affected by hyposalivation caused by head and neck radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological status of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who were suffering from hyposalivation after at least one week of receiving radiotherapy.

This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 44 HNC patients with history of hyposalivation caused by radiotherapy, in 5 Azar hospital from 1397-1398. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for data collection. Shapiro-Wilk test, parametric and nonparametric tests and SPSS 18 software were used for statistical analysis.

The average psychological status of patients was 27.50 out of 84 (lower score indicated better psychological status). The mean score of physical health was 7.39, social functioning was 6.16, anxiety/insomnia were 12.64 and depression was 1.33 with the maximum being 21. Psychological status was not significantly different between genders. Ageing caused all subscales to increase except depression. A direct relationship between social functionality and psychological status was reported.

Hyposalivation due to radiotherapy affects psychological status and its components in patients. Also, various factors such as ageing and lower education level can be effective in reducing psychological status in the patients with head and neck cancer who were suffering from hyposalivation due to receiving radiotherapy.

Vascular obstruction and impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery cause a myocardial infarction and limit a personchr('39')s function. Therefore, finding a way to create new arteries and replace blocked arteries has always been of interest to researchers, including exercise physiologists. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the capillary density of the myocardium and ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in male rats with myocardial infarction.

16 ten-week-old male wistar rats with mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes at an intensity of 65-70% VO2max and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the myocardium. Ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent samples t test (α≤ 0.05).

The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the capillary density of the myocardium (p=0.000), ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and left ventricular shortening fraction (P = 0.001) in the experimental group as compared with the control group.

In general, eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training can effectively increase angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after MI.

Musculoskeletal disorders are considered the primary health problem among military pilots. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament, Somatotype and some anthropometric variables and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in military pilots.

In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2020, in Tehran, 100 military pilots from selected Air Force bases were participated. Prediction of injury was assessed by functional movement screen test. The pilots’ temperaments were determined by the standard natural temperament questionnaire. Somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Anthropometric data were also collected. The relationship between variables was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression and the difference between different temperaments in the values of variables was evaluated by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).

The mean age, weight and functional movement screen score of the pilots were 34.36±5.94, 84.68±8.55 and 17.99±1.59, respectively. Between cold and wet temperament (P = 0.01), endomorphic component of somatotype (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), Body mass index (P = 0.001), waist (P = 0.001), hip (P = 0.001), flexed arm (P = 0.004) and calf (P = 0.006) circumference had a significant negative relationship with functional movement screen test score. Functional movement screen test showed a significant positive relationship only with ectomorphic component (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between different temperaments in functional movement screen test score (P = 0.64). Multiple linear regression showed a significant negative relationship only between functional movement screen test score and endomorphic component (P = 0.01).

According to the results, it can be concluded that cold and wet temperament, weight, body mass index and endomorphic component of somatotype as individual characteristics are important factors that inversely related to functional movement screen test score of military pilots that should be considered.

Reports indicate that over 60% of people with diabetes die from cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of resistance training and genistein consumption on the serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in diabetic rats with streptozotocin.

In this experimental study, 40 diabetic rats were selected and divided into 5 groups of 8 subjects, including: (1) control, (2) sham (dimethyl sulfoxide), (3) resistance training (4), genistein consumption, and (5) resistance training and genistein consumption. Rats in groups 3 and 5 received 8 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions per week, with 30 to 100% body weight, and rats in groups 4 and 5 received 30 mg/kg of peritoneal genistein per day. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and two-way ANOVA in SPSS software (p≤0.05).

Genistein consumption has a significant effect on reduced serum levels of VCAM and ICAM in diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Eight weeks of resistance training has a significant effect on reduced serum levels of ICAM and CRP in diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Resistance training and genistein consumption have interactive effects on reduced serum levels of VCAM and CRP in diabetic rats (p≤0.05).

Resistance training and genistein consumption simultaneously appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.