نشریه مشاوره و روان درمانی خانواده
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار و تابستان 1399)

The integrated behavioral couple therapy is one of the valuable methods and evidence-based that has been supported by many studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy in the emotional divorce of couples in Maragheh. The statistical population of the study (98 people) included all spouses who referred to the Counseling Center of Omid Maragheh in 1998. The study sample consisted of three couples who selected using a targeted sampling method. The method of the present study was a single case study of multiple-step lines. Treatment was performed whit using the Gatman Excitement Measurement Scale (1994). The treatment protocol was implemented in 16 sessions. Data were analyzed by visual mapping, constant change index, and recovery percentage. The findings showed that couple therapy combined at the end of treatment resulted in a 56.33% improvement in emotional divorce in the first couple, 53.1% improvement in the second couple, and 72% improvement in the third couple. A stable change index of 4.63 was obtained. This amount of the indicator of stable change shows that reducing the emotional divorce of all 6 people are clinically significant. The results of three months of follow-up showed that these results remained almost constant. Therefore, it can be concluded that couple therapy on the reduction of emotional divorce in the short and long term in couples in Maragheh has the necessary efficiency and therapists can use this model in working with couples to increase emotional intimacy in couples.

If the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorder (AMPD) is finally approved, its utility to assess the pathology of the couples' personality seems necessary and useful. Previous studies have verified the validity of the criterion B of this model through self and spousal reports. Whereas, this type of validation has not been done for either of the two criteria A and B, in an Iranian community sample. In this regard, the present study was conducted to examine the agreement between self- and spouse-reporting of personality functioning and pathological traits. The research method was correlation. Through a self-spousal reporting design, 90 volunteer couples with a maximum of 10 years of marriage history, were identified using network-sampling method. Each of the participants responded to the online version of the Persian translated of the level of personality functioning scale (LPFS; Morey, 2017) and the brief form of the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-BF; Krueger, et al., 2013). The results showed significant correlations (p <0.01) for all the type of standards, which the good to excellent actual similarity, assumed similarity and self-spousal agreement indices can be concluded for both of measures. In general, the present study showed the validity of these two criteria in assessing the pathology of the couple's personality and confirmed their utility for couple therapy and premarital counseling aims.

Attention to improving the quality of marital life is an important issue for the health of the individual, family, and community. The aim of this study was to combine the studies on components of marital quality and marital quality of couples. To this end, qualitative and meta-combined approaches used. The studied documents were collected using the search terms related to the quality of life and quality of marital life in the period between 2004 and 2019 in the Civilica, SID, Magiran databases. The findings suggested that by reviewing 50 articles out of initial articles 2069, 10 dimensions including individual, family, and environmental dimensions and 46 components as effective factors in the marital quality of life were identified in various domestic studies. It is concluded that based on different researches, various factors play a role in the couples' quality of life. Upon identifying these factors, the quality of life can be strengthened and family counselor interns can be trained to improve the quality of life in this way.

To understand the quality and stability of marital relationships, paying attention to marital commitment is as important as marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to develop a causal relationship model of marital commitment based on forgiveness and differentiation by mediating marital intimacy. The research method is quantitative in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, correlation is a structural equation analysis. A sample of 442 people from all married workers in districts 1 and 2 of Sanandaj was selected as an available sampling. Inventory of marital commitment (Adams and Jones, 1997), marital intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983), (Skowron and Smith, 2003), and forgiveness (Pollard and Anderson, 1988) was completed by the subjects. The results of structural equation analysis showed that forgiveness (P ≤ 0/01, β- 0/47), differentiation (P ≤ 0/05, β-0/13), and intimacy (P ≤ 0/05, - β0/12) had a direct effect on marital commitment. Also, forgiveness and differentiation by mediating intimacy. Have an indirect effect on marital commitment. The findings of this study show that the conceptual model of marital commitment based on differentiation and forgiveness by mediating marital intimacy fitted with the experimental model. Overall, the findings of this study show the impact of forgiveness, differentiation, and intimacy on marital commitment, and as a result, despite the marital commitment, couples, despite experiencing painful events, continue together and bound by actions and frameworks. Specific ones are bound to a great purpose.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of counseling in reducing marital incompatibility. The studies, however, have not explained the way in which marriage therapy is done, limiting their investigations to numbers. Therefore, the need for obtaining a better understanding of marriage therapy approaches with incompatible couples is paramount. This qualitative case study explores Adlerian marriage therapy, which is one of the essential approaches in marriage therapy. The population sample is one couple chosen according to the purposive sampling method. This study is a practical research in which a treatment intervention, following Adlerian marriage therapy protocol, was implemented in fifteen one-hour sessions. Furthermore, thoughtful analysis is applied to analyze and interpret data and information. This study has employed dyadic adjustment scale (Spanier, 1976) as a research tool. This qualitative, session-by-session investigation of the Adlerian marriage therapy in studied couple showed that this method was effective in reducing the marital incompatibility in studied couple. The results of three months of follow-up showed that these results remained stable, therefore, it can be concluded that Adler marriage therapy is effective in reducing marital incompatibility in couples.

Community health depends on family health. One of the harms that can shake the foundation of a family is extramarital affairs. Due to the importance of the issue of infidelity and lack of research in the field of relationships outside the framework of women, the present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the causes and contexts of women's transnational relationships from the point of view of injured men. The research environment included the betrayed men of Yazd province. The method of qualitative research and its strategy was the data of the foundation. Twelve people were selected using targeted, theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, 46 concepts, 14 sub-categories and 4 main categories were extracted. The main categories included "distancing" between men and women, "risky interactions", how couples interact with each other, "personality traits", including some characteristics of women, and "emotional / sexual dissatisfaction". The results showed that recognizing and understanding the contexts and causes of women's propensity for extramarital affairs could prevent such harm from occurring in future marital relationships. Therefore, counselors and psychologists can take steps to strengthen the foundation of the family by discovering the context and causes.

Emotional maturity and attitudes toward marriage in men and women have an effect on marital satisfaction and couples relationship. The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on emotional maturity and attitudes toward marriage in men and women with early and normal age marriage. Using a descriptive method with correlation and regression analysis, a convenience sample of 197 married men and women with a minimum of five and a maximum of 10 years of cohabitation investigated. Data collected by the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson & Fowers, 1989) Attitudes toward Marriage (Bratton and Rozen, 1998) and Emotional Maturity (Singh and Bahargawa, 1974). Data analyzed using the t-test, correlation, and regression. Findings show that there is no significant difference between the ages of marriage of both genders in the two factors studied (P≥ 0.05). Attitudes toward marriage and one of the components (pessimism) in all four groups predict marital satisfaction. Pessimistic attitudes toward marriage decrease with the age of marriage in all four groups. In general, it can be concluded that with increasing the age of marriage, the attitude towards marriage among women decreases, realistic attitudes, and emotional maturity increases. For men by increasing the age of marriage attitude towards marriage and pessimistic attitudes decrease. As the age of marriage of four group's increases, the percentage of traditional marriages increased and modern marriages decreased.

Marital satisfaction is the result of multiple factors in marriage, which can be individual, interpersonal, and cultural. The purpose of this study was to predict of marital satisfaction based on communication patterns, attachment styles and psychological hardiness of married students of Kashan University. The research method was descriptive and correlation type that statistical population consisted of married students of Kashan University in academic year of 2017-18 and by random cluster sampling 217 samples were selected. Questionnaires were used for collecting data include Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (1989), Christensen & Salavi communication patterns questionnaire (CPQ-1984), Collins & Reid attachment style questionnaire (1990), and Kobasa psychological hardiness questionnaire (1979). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between marital satisfaction with mutual Constructive pattern (R=0/491; P ≤001), dependency attachment style (R=0/152; P ≤005), closeness attachment style (R=0/203; P ≤001), and psychological hardiness (R=0/520; P ≤001). Another side, there was indirect and significant correlation between marital satisfaction with mutual avoidance pattern (R=-0/147; P ≤005), and anxiety attachment style (R=-0/403; P ≤001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that communication patterns, attachment styles and psychological hardiness could to predict of marital satisfaction. Multiple correlation coefficients between communication patterns, attachment styles, and psychological hardiness with marital satisfaction were 0.676, and the coefficient of determination was 0.457. Therefore, it's possible to improve on marital satisfaction in couples by recognizing and enriching the constructive communication pattern, attachment styles, and psychological hardiness.

Marital satisfaction a large extent reflects the quality of the couple's marital relationship and the guarantor of its permanence. However, different variables can affect it. The purpose of this study was determine the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and cognitive emotion regulation with marital satisfaction. The research method was descriptive-correlational using path analysis. The statistical population of married people in Tehran (regions 3, 6, 12, 1 in autumn and winter of 2018) that 150 people (based on Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007) were selected available. The research instruments incloud: index of marital satisfaction Hudson (1992), Personality Gary Wilson Questionnaire-Short Form (2003), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefske & Kraaij (2009) Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile of Walker and etl (1987). The data analysis method was Pearson correlation test and structural equation analysis using SPSS software version 25 and AMOS version 24. Pearson correlation results showed that the behavioral inhibition system had a negative and significant relationship with marital satisfaction (P

In recent years, with the increase in divorce, the plan of obligatory divorce counseling was implemented by the judiciary and in cooperation with the Welfare Organization to reduce the divorce rate. However, the effectiveness of these counselings has not been as expected. The current study aimed to develop an instructive package for counselors to increase the statistics of divorce applicants’ compromise based on the pathology of divorce counseling in a mixed manner. In the qualitative section, phenomenological strategies used and semi-experimental design used in the quantitative section. The population in the qualitative section for the pathology of divorce counseling was 15 counselors implementing the obligatory divorce counseling project in the Zanjan province. After nine interviews with them, a saturation of categories was obtained. Research compiled for an educational package was divorce experts that after eight interviews with them, a saturation of categories was obtained. Data analysis using MAXQDA software showed that divorce counseling faced seven serious problems: “weakness in diagnostic interviews, family therapy, couple therapy, treatment of difficult clients, sex therapy, emotion management and motivational interviews, and marital infidelity.” The results from repeated – measures ANOVA showed that the instructive package developed empowered counselors and the compromise between divorce applicants increased significantly. It is concluded that counselors’ lack of professional and scientific information affects the divorce counseling process, the Designed training package can repair these injuries and the Welfare organization training counselors according to this package can take actions to empower counselors.

Parental involvement in fulfilling parenting responsibilities has positive outcomes for parents and children. The study aimed to investigate the role of fathers' and mothers' cooperation for doing parental tasks in predicting the parental burnout experience of families living in Tehran. The research method was descriptive and correlated. The research sample consisted of 391 parents (195 mothers and 196 fathers) who participated by volunteers in the study from different regions of Tehran in the fall of 2018. Measurements include the Parental Involvement in Parental Functions and duties Scale adopted by Roskam, Brianda, & Mikolajczak (2018) and Parental Burnout Assessment by Roskam & Mikolajczak (2018). The results of the correlation test and regression analysis showed that fathers' functions in satisfying the financial needs of children were negatively correlated with parental feeling fed up and satisfying basic needs associated negatively with emotional distance from children (p < .05). Increasing parental involvement, especially in fathers, for providing financially, moral, stimulation and emotional needs of children to help maternal functioning is correlated with the reduction of exhaustion and burnout caused by parental tasks. The results also showed that fulfilling the basic needs of children alone by fathers predicts increased parental burnout in fathers. Also, the feeling of involvement of fathers in fulfilling their children's financial needs by mothers was able to predict the reduction of parental burnout in mothers (P=.02). Given the recent cultural and social changes, it seems that fathers' involvement in parental functions can lead to positive psychological consequences for both parents and children.

Life expectancy is one of the most controversial constructs in positive psychology and includes features that make us look for a better tomorrow. When there is hope in life, there will be joy and happiness in life, and those who are in life because they are awakened from within can also analyze their expectations of life and explain their psychological and inner expectations. They are getting married. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious orientation, the expectation of marriage, and life expectancy in students. The research method is descriptive in terms of purpose, and its implementation method is descriptive of the type of correlation. The statistical population included all students of Razi University of Kermanshah University of Social Sciences in the academic year of 1397-98, which was 2250 people, of which 328 people (106 boys and 222 girls) selected by stratified random sampling. The Life Hope Questionnaire (Snyder et al., 1991), the Allport and Ross Religious Orientation )Allport & Ross,1967(, and the Marriage Expectation Scale) Jones & Nelson, 1997( were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by calculating correlation coefficients. And regression analysis were analyzed. The results showed that religious orientation, expectation of marriage, had a significant relationship with life expectancy and life expectancy based on these variables was predictable. Conclusion Religious orientation, expectation of marriage can be considered as one of the underlying factors related to life expectancy. Therefore, considering the important impact of life expectancy on students' lives, it is recommended that officials, counselors and psychologists of university counseling centers pay more attention to factors related to life expectancy, such as religious orientation and expectation of marriage.