نشریه جستارهای نوین ادبی
سال پنجاه و سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 210، پاییز 1399)

One of the most important issues in the study of political thought in philosophical and literary texts is who should govern with what characteristics and function. The answer to this question includes an important part of the ancient philosophical and literary works that are important in the field of political thought. In this article, we have first studied the characteristics and function of the “Raees Avval” in the Farabi''s utopia, and then we have examined the characteristics and function of “Shah Armani” in Ferdowsi''s Shahnameh, and finally, we have shown the differences and similarities between the two. Both Farabi and Ferdowsi, realizing the political crises of their time, have described their ideal rule, one in the form of political philosophy and the other in the form of the national epic of Iran and their descriptions are common in most cases and show the ideal empire of the Iranians in the fourth century.

In Iranian culture, the land is a traditional, symbolic, traditional celebration of land, held in particular forms, purposes, and times. Some of these rituals, celebrations and rituals are reflected in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which illustrates the rules of community activity and the repetition of these activities in which he reproduces his Iranian society and culture. In this study, we analyze the social function of guest and traveler rituals, mourning, charity and centuries of celebration, Nowruz and Mehregan along with analyzing their mythical foundations. This research is fundamentally based on library studies and qualitative content analysis. After analyzing the data and assisting from various sources, it can be said that their rituals, celebrations and rituals contribute to community consolidation and to a positive ethical restructuring and have a socially unifying function in society; Therefore, the presence of festivals and rituals through symbolic activities always promotes solidarity, unity of the people (in open and hidden forms), increased authority and legitimacy, reproduction of society, Iranian identity and the preservation of Iranian culture, which is why such rituals and Celebrations are held every year.

One of the most important epic works after Shahnama is the Old Burzunama which composed by Shams al-Din Muhammad Kusaj in 4200 verses in 8 AH; it has been narrated the story of Burzu, the son of Suhrab, with epic tone and posh utterance. The latter work was amended according to 5 manuscripts by the eminent professor Akbar Nahwi in 1387 SH which is one of the most coherent and scientific works that produced on a work after the Shahnama. In this review, in addition to introducing details of the work, the authors have tried to explain the meaning of some couplets, while presenting some suggestions about the recording of about 33 vague couplets.

In every language, there is a set of principles and rules concerning orthography, which are regulated on different levels for word selection, word formation and sentence making. These rules are fluid considering the nature of different languages, and are compiled entirely in accordance with the characteristics of each language. In facing these rules, the question that comes to mind pertains to deliberation over the background and history of these rules in the foregoing literary knowledges. By pondering upon these knowledges, it becomes clear that the principles which are upheld to make speech articulate and eloquent in traditional rhetoric are, in term of nature, most consistent and harmonious with the principles and rules of writing. In the present study, dealing with this question made it clear that these themes are discussable under the definition of eloquence and articulacy, and specifically in expanding on the defects of eloquence and some of the subjects of semantics, and it is even possible to craft a more precise pattern and foundation for the rules of writing by taking into account the principles of rhetoric.

The Blind Owl is leading a complex novel that has been covered in a hint of ambiguity due to the recounting of mental memories by a disturbing narrator. Therefore, the recognition of the various elements of this text requires careful attention to detail in the novel. Location is one of the most important elements of the story; in this article, by examining some of the blind signatures of the Owl blind and its adaptation to the regions of Ray and Tehran, the attempt has been made to determine the probable place of the narrator's home. Based on these signs, this place is undoubtedly located in the northwestern part of the ancient rivulet and southeastern Tehran of the Qajar Safavid period. The hero's house is surrounded by shops, butchers, residents, and Galeskeh, and the only point in Tehran that meets these coordinates is the Chal Maidan Square. These two sites are close to the Turkmen neighborhood, Mohammadi Square, the bazaar, and Shah Abdul Azim Cemetery. With such a rotation in the northern, eastern, western, and even southwestern neighborhoods of Tehran during this period, such coordinates can not be achieved. These features are similar to the room that resembles a family mausoleum, a reminder of the Neighborhood, in which the true Jeddah guidance is buried there. Also, the home and the reliance on Reza Khan Khan (the son of Sadeq Hedayat) has also been located in Chalmayal Square